Soriano, luisa

11 – Linnaeus biology 1 hw
c o n t r i b u t i o n s
Hans and Zacharias janssen (1590)
w Two Dutch eye glass
makers. They were known
for inventing the
compound optical
microscope.
w They experimented
with two convex lenses
placed in a tube.
w The Janssens
observed that viewed
objects in front of the
tube appeared greatly
enlarged, creating both
the forerunner of the
compound microscope and
telescope.
w Their invention
contributed to the cell
theory by making it
easier and more practical
to observe.
Robert hooke (1665)
W Robert Hooke is an
English Physicist.
W He looked at a silver
of cork through a
microscope lens and
noticed some “pores” or
“cells in it.
W He believed the cells
had served as containers
for the “noble juices” or
“fibrous threads” of the
once-living cork tree.
W Hooke wrote
Micrographia, the first
 Anton van leeuwenhoek
(1676 - 1683)
w Anton Van Leeuwenhoek of
Holland is The Father of
Microscopy.
w He started as an
apprentice in a dry goods
store where magnifying
glasses were used to count the
threads in cloth.
w Leeuwenhoek was inspired
by the glasses used by drapers
to inspect the quality of
cloth.
w He taught himself new
methods for grinding and
polishing tiny lenses of
great curvature which gave
magnifications up to 270x
diameters, the finest known
at that time.
w These lenses led to the
building of Anton Van
Leeuwenhoek's
microscopes considered the
first practical microscopes,
and the biological
discoveries for which he is
famous.
w Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
was the first to see and
describe bacteria (1674).
w During a long life he
used his lenses to make
pioneer studies on an
extraordinary variety of
things, both living and non-
living, and called these
structures “animalcules”.

Matthias Schleiden
(1838)
W Mathias Jacob
Schleiden is a German
Botanist.
 Matthias Schleiden
(1838)
W While professor of
botany at the University
of Jena, he wrote
“Contributions to
Phytogenesis” (1838).
W He stated that the
different parts of the
plant organism are
composed of cells or
derivatives of cells.
W Through this, he
became the first to say
that plants were made of
cells.
W Schleiden also
recognized the importance
of the cell nucleus.

Theodor Schwann
(1839)
w Theodor Schwann, a
German, proposed that in
animals too every
structural element is
composed of cells or cell
products.
w Schwann's
contribution might be
regarded as the more
groundbreaking, since the
understanding of animal
structure lagged behind
that of plants.
w In addition, Schwann
made the explicit claim
that the fundamental laws
governing cells were
identical between plants
 Rudolph Virchow
(1855)
W Rudolph Virchow was a
German physician who
studied cells.
W He stated that living
cells come only from
other living cells, which
is part of cell theory.
W Virchow’s greatest
accomplishment was his
observation that a whole
organism does not get
sick — only certain
cells or groups of cells.
W In 1855, at the age
of 34, he published his
now famous aphorism
“omnis cellula e cellula”
HANS AND ZACHARIAS JANSSEN
(1590): They invented the
compound optical
microscope. Their
invention contributed the
cell theory by making it

ROBERT HOOKE (1665):

Robert Hooke looked at a
sliver of cork through a
microscope lens and
noticed some "pores" or
"cells" in it. Hooke was
the first person to use the
word "cell" to identify
microscopic structures
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK when he was describing
(1676 - 1683): Anton Van cork.
Leeuwenhoek's microscopes
considered the first
practical microscopes, and
the biological discoveries
for which he is famous. He
was the first to see and

MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN (1838):

He wrote “Contributions to
Phytogenesis” (1838), in
which he stated that the
different parts of the
plant organism are
composed of cells or
derivatives of cells.
Thus, Schleiden became the
first to say that plants
were made of cells. He also
recognized the importance
of the cell nucleus.
THEODOR SCHWANN (1839):
Theodor Schwann proposed
that in animals too every
structural element is
composed of cells or cell
products. Schwann's
contribution might be
regarded as the more
groundbreaking, since the
understanding of animal

RUDOLPH VIRCHOW (1855):

Virchow stated that living
cells come only from other
living cells, which is part
of cell theory. Virchow’s
greatest accomplishment was
his observation that a whole
organism does not get sick—
only certain cells or groups
of cells.
 3 postulates of modern cell theory
Modern cell theory #1:

“Energy flow occurs within

cells”

The energy referred to in this

postulate it chemical energy produced
from thousands of biochemical
reactions that take place inside the
cell.
From the breakdown of glucose to
the production of ATP by the
powerhouse of the cell, the
mitochondria, all biochemical
reactions produce a great deal of
energy within each cell that flows
from one part of the cell, one
organelle to another through chemical
messengers and molecules.

“Hereditary information or DNA is passed on from

one cell to another”

Modern cell theory #2:

As stated earlier, all cells
divide either asexually by mitosis,
fission or budding, or sexually by
meiosis. Either process results in
the parent cell passing on its
genetic content or DNA to the
offspring or progeny.
w Chromosomes that contain the
genetic material is passed on from
 parent to daughter cell. In
unicellular organisms as well,
such as bacteria, the DNA material
is divided into its progeny simply
by splitting of the cell into two,
a process known as cytokinesis.
w This results in the progeny cells
being identical genetically to the
parent cells. However, in higher
organisms such as some animals and
humans, the environment and a
process known as recombination are
key players in determining the
genetic makeup of every individual
being.

Modern cell theory #3:

“All cells have the same basic

composition”

All cells, whether

unicellular or multicellular,
prokaryotic or eukaryotic, simple
or complex, and filled with a
fluid-like substance known as
cytoplasm or cytosol, in which
many different structures called
organelles are present that each
has their own defined function.
w All cells contain a nucleus
or a region that holds the genetic
content (DNA) of the organism, and
all irrespective of size have the
same basic composition.
w Almost every cell is
surrounded by a cell wall have
biochemical processes and
catalysts that enable it to
sustain itself.