FINAL YEAR

PROJECT 1

WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT :

A CASE STUDY ON SELECTED WATER
PARAMETERS AT SEMENYIH RIVER,
KAJANG
NUR SYAWALLUDIN BIN MOHD NOER
Bc. Environmental Health
12212116040
SV : Mdm Ainul Husna Kamarudin
FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
PROJECT 1

INTRODUCTION
The introduction to the research’s topic focus

Importance of water and river River pollution and its causes Worldwide concern and
implication

Water is important in many ways.
Water is a natural resource which
can be used for different purposes,
namely for drinking, domestic,
irrigation and industrial use (M.K.
Rowshon et al., 2014).
The river is an important source of
habitat survival, recreation, food
source, transportation, agriculture
and industries.
River is one of the element of surface
water. The surface water resources are
being polluted due to increased
industrial activities, intensive farming,
and also the discharge of untreated
waste water and sewage outlets
(Dhanalekshmy et al. 2014).
The quality of surface water is a critical
issue in many countries, especially due
to the concern that freshwater will be a
scarce resource in the future.
Therefore, a water quality monitoring
program is necessary for the protection
of freshwater resources.
(Pesce and Wunderlin, 2000).
FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
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PROBLEM STATEMENT
The problem or issue that the research is trying
to discuss and solve

INTRODUCTIOAN Rise of industrialization and poor awareness

level
Malaysia depends 97% on surface water for water
demands. Industrialization and rapid urbanization
further pushes this demand. However, public apathy,
limited enforcement, weak laws and regulations are
stifling it, leading to issues :

• Public regards streams, rivers as convenient

disposal channel
• Poor solid waste management and sewage
system
• Disposal of industrial waste into rivers
FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
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PROBLEM STATEMENT
The problem or issue that the research is trying
to discuss and solve

River pollution rate in Malaysia

Clean rivers rate 2013 vs 2014
INTRODUCTION
58% 51% The river water quality in terms of Water
Quality Index (WQI) had shown a decrease in
year 2014 and the percentage of clean rivers
has decreased from 58% to 52%. While
Polluted river rate 2013 vs 2014 polluted river has increased from 5% to 9% in

6% 10%
the same year.

Statistic reported by Department of Environment, 2017

FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
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PROBLEM STATEMENT
The problem or issue that the research is trying
to discuss and solve

2014 2015 2016 2017

Clean rivers rate :

51% 58% 47% 46%
2014 - 2017
Polluted rivers rate :
10% 7% 10% 11%
Statistic reported by Department of Environment, 2017
FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
PROJECT 1

PROBLEM STATEMENT
The problem or issue that the research is trying
to discuss and solve

Semenyih river pollution

INTRODUCTION In the end October 2016 when the river was critically
polluted by a chemical substance that was believed
to have come from industrial illegal dumping.
(The Star Online, 2016)
FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
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RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The objectives that the research are trying to achieve

1 General Objective
To evaluate whether the water quality of Semenyih river complies with the
2 Specific Objective standards set by National Water Quality Standard of Malaysia (NWQSM)

To determine the physical parameters of Semenyih river water and

compare it with the NWQSM
To determine the chemical parameters of Semenyih river water such as
BOD, COD, Ammoniacal nitrogen and Dissolved Oxygen, and compare it
with the NWQSM
To compare the readings between different sampling points from upstream
till downstream
To identify the sources of pollution of Semenyih river
FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
PROJECT 1

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
A proposed explanation made on the basis of limited
evidence as a starting point for further investigation

1 Research Hypothesis
The Semenyih river water quality complies with the standard set by
NWQSM
The chemical parameters of Semenyih river water such as BOD, COD,
Ammoniacal nitrogen and Dissolved Oxygen comply with the standard of
NWQSM
The readings between different sampling points are slightly higher at
upstream than downstream
The Semenyih river is polluted by several sources from anthropogenic and
industrial activities
FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
PROJECT 1

LITERATURE REVIEW
Knowledges and findings attained by researchers

Author Year Findings

Teck Yee Ling et al. 2017 Btg. Rajang river, Terengganu suffers from organic pollution and
INTRODUCTION suspended solids with high BOD, COD and TSS. While, COD and Total
Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) is higher at lower part of the river.
Nasly M. A., M. A. Hossain and Mir 2013 Results showed that the water of Tunggak River, Pahang is not
Sujaul Islam suitable for public consumption even with extensive treatment. It can
be used for only irrigation as per the INWQS Malaysian standards.
Suhaimi Suratman et al. 2009 Paka river, Terengganu has 2/8 stations which are polluted due to
untreated palm oil factory sewage. The overall river quality is
categorized as Class II.
Ali Fulazzaky, Teng Wee Seong, Idrus 2009 Sg. Buloh river stream of water is of very bad quality due to high
Masirin concentration of microorganism and total suspended solid (TSS) at
downstream.
FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
PROJECT 1

STUDY LOCATION
Sungai Semenyih, Kajang
FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
PROJECT 1

STUDY DESIGN
Cross sectional study. where water
samples are taken from the river
for analysis and interpretation
FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
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INSTRUMENTATION
The list of instruments that are going to be
used throughout the research process

2 DR 2800 Spectrophotometer

1 Multiparameter YSI 552 Probe 3 DR 900 Multiparameter

Portable Colorimeter
FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
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WATER SAMPLING
How sampling from the river is done

1 On site analysis of physical parameters

2 1 liter of sample is collected

for laboratory analysis

3 Sampling is done at 8 different stations

along the river
 FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
PROJECT 1

RESEARCH PARAMETERS
The parameters that are used for the research
Methodology according to the Department of
Environment (DOE) Malaysia 6 parameters by DOE for water quality assessment

DO
Temperature (C’) Total dissolved solids Dissolved Oxygen pH
( TDS )

B C NH3-N
Biological oxygen demand Chemical oxygen demand Ammoniacal Total suspended solids
(BOD) (COD) Nitrogen ( TSS )
FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
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1
IN SITU ANALYSIS
River water is analyzed by
using a water probe instrument
on site
FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
PROJECT 1

IN SITU PARAMETERS
The river parameters that are measured on site using
the Multiparameter YSI 552 Water Probe

DO
Temperature (C’) pH Dissolved Oxygen Total dissolved solids
( TDS )
FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
PROJECT 1

2
LABORATORY
ANALYSIS
Samples from river are taken
and brought to the laboratory
for parameter measurement
FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
PROJECT 1

LABORATORY ANALYSIS PARAMETERS

The parameters that are measured in the laboratory
after analysis

B C NH3-N
Biological oxygen demand Chemical oxygen demand Ammoniacal Nitrogen Total Suspended Solids
(BOD) (COD) ( TSS )
FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
PROJECT 1

ANALYSIS METHOD
Methods that are used for the laboratory analysis
of each parameters

B C NH3-N
Biological oxygen demand Chemical oxygen demand Ammoniacal Nitrogen Total Suspended Solids
(BOD) (COD) ( TSS )

Dilution Method Reactor Digestion Method Salicylate Method Photometric Method

BOD5 Method 5210B Method 8000
FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
PROJECT 1

WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT

Assessment of water quality based on recorded
parameters and categorized class

Parameter values Water Quality Index (WQI) National Water Quality

(Results) Standard Malaysia (NWQSM)

• Temperature • Subindex formula varies • Class I

• TDS based on specific reading • Class IIA
• TSS • Class IIB
• Ammoniacal • Class III
Nitrogen • Class IV
• BOD • Class V
• COD
• pH
• Dissolved Oxygen
FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
PROJECT 1

PROJECT FLOWCHART
Sampling collection from river
For laboratory analysis
• BOD The detailed steps on the progress of the
• COD Research and what is carried out throughout
• Ammoniacal Nitrogen
• Total suspended solids

Water quality assessment

Result Analysis Discussion Conclusion
of Semenyih river, Kajang

In situ assessment of river IBM SPSS v18.0

• Temperature
• Ph
• Total dissolved solids
• Dissolved Oxygen
• ANOVA one-way test
Classification of water quality
• Water Quality Index (WQI)
• National Water Quality Standard
Malaysia (NWQSM)
FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
PROJECT 1
GANTT CHART
Research Activity/Months Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan
FYP Workshop and field selection

Discussion with supervisor

• FYP title, methodology, analysis
• Registration form
• Laboratory and instruments preparation
First draft submission
And submission of project synopsis
Proposal presentation

Project preparation

FYP Project execution

Result analysis

Report writing

Report first draft submission

Thesis writing

FYP Project Ends, Final report submission and FYP

presentation
Submission of hard copy report
FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
PROJECT 1

REFERENCES
Knowledge and content referred in this presentation

1. A, N. M., A, H. M., & Islam, M. S. (2013). Water Quality Index of Sungai Tunggak: An Analytical Study.

2. Selangor Exco: Sungai Semenyih pollution serious health threat. (2016, October 27). The Star Online. Retrieved from
https://www.thestar.com.my/videos/2016/10/27/sgor-exco-sungai-semenyih-pollution-serious-health-threat/

3. I. N., Hussein. (2019, March 14). 2.43 tan sisa bahan kimia dari Sungai Kim Kim. MyMetro. Retrieved from
https://www.hmetro.com.my/utama/2019/03/433504/243-tan-sisa-bahan-kimia-dari-sungai-kim-kim-metrotv

4. Environmental Quality Report (pp. 1-129, Rep.). (2017). Shah Alam, Selangor: Department of Environment

5. https://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/letters/2019/03/25/managing-river-pollution-loads/#FxzMAcvFQe1YzObS.99

6. Rowshon, M.K., Mbaruk, M.M., Marriott, M.J., Amin, M.S.M., Ahsan, A. and Loh, E.W.K. (2014) ‘Geospatial water quality
assessment system for the Sg. Buloh river basin in Malaysia’, Int. J. Water, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp.401–421.
FINAL YEAR INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS LIT. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
PROJECT 1

REFERENCES
Knowledge and content referred in this presentation

7. S. Suratman, M. Awang, & Tahir, N. M. (2009). Kajian Indeks Kualiti Air di Lembangan Sungai Paka, Terengganu (Water
Quality Index Study in Paka River Basin, Terengganu). Research Gate, 125-131.

8. Ling, T., Soo, C., Phan, T., Lee, N., Sim, S., & Grinang, J. (2017). Assessment of the Water Quality of Batang Rajang at
Pelagus Area, Sarawak, Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana, 46(3), 401-411. doi:10.17576/jsm-2017-4603-07

9. Chowdhury, M. S., Othman, F., Jaafar, W. Z., Mood, N. C., & Adham, M. I. (2018). Assessment of Pollution and
Improvement Measure of Water Quality Parameters using Scenarios Modeling for Sungai Selangor Basin. Sains
Malaysiana, 47(3), 457-469. doi:10.17576/jsm-2018-4703-05
 FINAL YEAR
PROJECT 1

WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT :

A CASE STUDY ON SELECTED WATER
PARAMETERS AT SEMENYIH RIVER,
KAJANG
NUR SYAWALLUDIN BIN MOHD NOER
Bc. Environmental Health
12212116040
SV : Mdm Ainul Husna Kamarudin