     ⁄

Table 13. Structure of demand

Percentage of GDP
Private General government Gross domestic Gross domestic Exports of goods Resource
consumption consumption investment savings and services balance
Economy 1990 1999 1990 1999 1990 1999 1990 1999 1990 1999 1990 1999
Albania 61 96 19 10 29 16 21 –7 15 9 –8 –23
Algeria 56 59 16 11 29 27 27 30 23 26 –2 3
Angola 36 14 34 38 12 23 30 48 39 84 18 25
Argentina 77 73 3 11 14 18 20 16 10 10 6 –1
Armenia 46 103 18 11 47 19 36 –14 35 19 –11 –33
Australia 61 62 17 17 21 22 21 21 17 21 0 –1
Austria 56 56 19 19 24 25 25 25 40 42 1 –1
Azerbaijan .. 84 .. 11 .. 34 .. 5 .. 29 .. –29
Bangladesh 85 80 4 6 19 20 11 14 6 14 –7 –6
Belarus 45 60 26 19 27 26 29 20 46 62 2 –6
Belgium 64 63 14 14 20 18 22 22 68 73 2 5
Benin 84 82 11 11 14 18 5 8 22 21 –9 –10
Bolivia 77 73 12 16 13 18 11 11 23 15 –1 –7
Botswana 39 58 24 28 32 20 37 14 55 28 5 –6
Brazil 59 64 19 16 20 21 21 20 8 10 1 –1
Bulgaria 60 76 18 12 26 16 22 12 33 38 –4 –4
Burkina Faso 77 77 15 13 21 27 8 10 13 12 –13 –17
Burundi 95 85 11 14 15 10 –5 1 8 9 –20 –9
Cambodia 91 86 7 9 8 15 2 5 6 34 –7 –10
Cameroon 67 71 13 10 18 19 21 19 20 24 3 0
Canada 57 59 23 20 21 20 21 21 26 41 0 2
Central African Republic 86 81 15 12 12 14 –1 7 15 17 –13 –7
Chad 97 89 10 11 7 18 –6 0 13 17 –15 –18
Chile 62 68 10 9 25 24 28 23 35 27 3 0
China 50 50 12 8 35 40 38 42 18 22 3 2
Hong Kong, China 57 60 7 10 27 25 36 30 134 132 8 4
Colombia 65 69 11 12 20 17 25 19 20 18 4 2
Congo, Dem. Rep. 79 83 12 8 9 8 9 9 30 24 0 2
Congo, Rep. 62 45 14 10 16 26 24 45 54 79 8 19
Costa Rica 61 51 18 17 27 28 21 32 35 73 –7 4
Côte d’Ivoire 72 65 17 10 7 19 11 25 32 44 5 6
Croatia 74 60 24 26 10 23 2 14 78 40 –8 –9
Czech Republic 49 52 23 19 25 30 28 29 45 60 3 –1
Denmark 49 51 26 25 20 21 25 24 36 36 5 3
Dominican Republic 80 73 5 10 25 26 15 16 34 32 –10 –10
Ecuador 69 70 9 10 17 15 23 20 33 58 5 5
Egypt, Arab Rep. 73 77 11 9 29 23 16 14 20 15 –13 –8
El Salvador 89 87 10 11 14 16 1 2 19 25 –13 –14
Eritrea 98 72 33 48 5 45 –31 –20 20 17 –37 –65
Estonia 62 64 16 19 30 28 22 17 60 83 –8 –11
Ethiopiaa 74 80 19 15 12 19 7 4 8 14 –5 –14
Finland 53 53 21 21 28 17 26 26 23 40 –2 9
France 60 60 18 19 22 17 22 21 23 27 0 4
Georgia 65 98 10 8 31 7 25 –6 40 17 –6 –13
Germany 57 58 20 19 23 21 23 23 25 27 0 2
Ghana 85 85 9 11 14 22 5 4 17 32 –9 –18
Greece 73 73 15 15 23 20 11 12 17 16 –11 –8
Guatemala 84 88 7 6 14 16 10 6 21 18 –4 –10
Guinea 70 76 12 7 18 18 18 17 31 23 0 –1
Haiti 93 100 8 7 12 11 –1 –7 16 11 –13 –18
Honduras 66 79 14 13 23 26 20 9 36 42 –3 –17
Hungary 61 57 11 15 25 30 28 28 31 55 3 –3
India 67 69 11 11 25 24 22 20 7 11 –3 –3
Indonesia 58 70 9 6 31 14 33 24 26 54 2 10
Iran, Islamic Rep. 62 65 11 19 29 16 27 16 22 14 –2 0
Ireland 58 49 15 13 21 20 27 37 59 80 6 18
Israel 56 60 30 30 25 20 14 10 35 36 –11 –10
Italy 61 62 18 16 21 18 21 22 20 27 0 4
Jamaica 62 60 14 21 28 32 24 19 52 52 –4 –13
Japan 58 60 9 10 32 29 33 30 11 11 1 1
Jordan 74 65 25 29 32 27 1 6 62 49 –31 –21
Kazakhstan 52 68 18 17 32 15 30 15 74 43 –1 0
Kenya 67 77 19 16 20 15 14 7 26 25 –5 –8
Korea, Rep. 53 56 10 10 38 27 37 34 29 42 –1 7
Kuwait 57 50 39 27 18 12 4 22 45 47 –13 10
Kyrgyz Republic 71 93 25 17 24 10 4 –11 29 37 –20 –21
Lao PDR .. 71 .. 5 .. 25 .. 24 11 4 –13 –1
Latvia 53 68 9 22 40 20 39 10 48 44 –1 –10
Lebanon 140 98 25 15 18 28 –64 –13 18 11 –82 –40
Lesotho 137 115 14 20 53 47 –51 –35 17 27 –104 –82
Lithuania 57 63 19 25 33 24 24 12 52 47 –9 –12
Macedonia, FYR 68 75 17 18 14 23 15 7 48 41 1 –16
Madagascar 86 88 8 8 17 12 6 5 17 25 –11 –8
Malawi 75 80 16 12 20 15 10 7 25 30 –10 –8
Malaysia 50 46 14 8 34 32 36 45 76 124 2 13
     

ECONOMY
Percentage of GDP
Private General government Gross domestic Gross domestic Exports of goods Resource
consumption consumption investment savings and services balance
Economy 1990 1999 1990 1999 1990 1999 1990 1999 1990 1999 1990 1999
Mali 80 80 14 12 23 20 6 8 17 22 –17 –12
Mauritania 69 73 26 15 20 22 5 12 46 39 –15 –10
Mexico 70 70 8 7 23 24 22 23 19 31 –1 –1
Moldova 63 92 14 12 25 18 23 –4 49 49 –2 –21
Mongolia 57 63 30 18 34 26 13 20 21 50 –21 –6
Morocco 69 67 15 15 25 23 16 18 19 29 –10 –5
Mozambique 101 79 12 10 16 35 –12 11 8 13 –28 –24
Myanmar 89 89 .. b .. b 13 12 11 11 3 1 –2 –1
Namibia 51 64 31 26 34 20 18 9 52 53 –16 –11
Nepal 83 80 9 10 18 19 8 11 11 22 –11 –9
Netherlands 59 59 15 14 22 20 27 27 54 56 5 7
New Zealand 63 63 17 15 19 21 20 21 28 29 1 1
Nicaragua 59 85 43 14 19 37 –2 1 25 37 –21 –36
Niger 84 83 15 13 8 10 1 4 15 15 –7 –6
Nigeria 56 88 15 12 15 11 29 0 43 17 15 –11
Norway 49 48 21 20 23 25 30 32 41 41 7 7
Pakistan 74 78 15 11 19 15 11 11 16 15 –8 –4
Panama 60 59 18 16 17 34 21 25 38 34 5 –9
Papua New Guinea 59 48 25 15 24 36 16 37 41 66 –8 1
Paraguay 78 73 5 10 22 19 16 17 23 41 –6 –2
Peru 70 65 8 15 21 22 22 20 12 14 0 –2
Philippines 72 68 10 16 24 21 18 16 28 56 –6 –5
Poland 50 74 19 9 25 28 32 18 28 20 7 –10
Portugal 63 64 16 19 29 26 21 17 34 31 –7 –9
Romania 66 81 13 9 30 15 21 10 17 29 –9 –5
Russian Federation 49 57 21 14 30 14 30 29 18 48 0 15
Rwanda 84 89 10 13 15 14 6 –1 6 6 –8 –16
Saudi Arabia 40 41 31 32 20 21 30 26 46 36 10 5
Senegal 76 76 15 10 14 21 9 14 25 34 –5 –7
Sierra Leone 82 93 10 13 9 5 8 –2 24 14 –1 –8
Singapore 46 39 10 10 37 33 44 52 202 .. 7 19
Slovak Republic 54 50 22 22 33 39 24 28 27 64 –9 –11
Slovenia 55 56 19 21 17 25 26 24 84 57 9 –1
South Africa 63 63 20 19 12 16 18 18 24 25 6 3
Spain 62 62 16 16 25 21 22 22 17 28 –3 1
Sri Lanka 76 71 10 10 22 25 14 19 30 36 –8 –6
Sweden 51 53 27 26 21 14 22 21 30 44 0 7
Switzerland 57 61 14 14 28 20 29 25 36 40 1 4
Syrian Arab Republic 70 70 14 11 15 29 16 18 28 29 0 –11
Tajikistan 65 .. 21 .. 23 .. 14 .. .. .. –10 ..
Tanzaniac 84 72 17 13 23 18 –1 14 12 20 –23 –4
Thailand 57 57 9 11 41 21 34 32 34 57 –8 12
Togo 71 83 14 12 27 14 15 6 33 32 –12 –8
Tunisia 58 63 16 12 32 28 25 24 44 42 –7 –3
Turkey 69 68 11 11 24 24 20 21 13 26 –4 –3
Turkmenistan 49 .. 23 .. 40 .. 28 .. .. .. –13 ..
Uganda 92 84 8 10 13 17 1 6 7 11 –12 –12
Ukraine 57 56 17 26 27 21 26 18 28 40 –1 –3
United Kingdom 63 64 21 20 19 16 17 15 24 29 –3 0
United States 67 68 18 15 17 19 15 17 10 12 –1 –1
Uruguay 69 78 14 9 11 14 17 13 26 19 6 –1
Uzbekistan 61 59 25 22 32 19 13 19 29 22 –19 0
Venezuela, RB 62 77 8 6 10 15 29 17 39 21 19 3
Vietnam 86 71 8 8 13 29 6 21 26 44 –7 –7
Yemen, Rep. 73 72 18 15 15 21 9 13 15 37 –6 –8
Zambia 64 85 19 10 17 17 17 6 36 29 –1 –11
Zimbabwe 63 69 19 16 17 18 17 15 23 46 0 –2
World 61 w 62 w 15 w 15 w 24 w 22 w 23 w 23 w 19 w 22 w 0w 0w
Low income 66 70 12 11 24 20 21 19 17 27 –3 –1
Middle income 59 62 14 12 26 24 27 26 21 28 1 1
Lower middle income 57 59 13 11 31 27 30 30 21 32 –1 3
Upper middle income 60 65 15 12 23 22 25 23 21 25 2 0
Low and middle income 60 63 14 12 26 24 26 25 21 26 0 1
East Asia & Pacific 54 53 11 10 35 33 35 37 26 39 0 5
Europe & Central Asia 55 64 18 12 28 20 26 23 23 38 –1 4
Latin America & Caribbean 65 68 13 13 19 21 22 20 14 16 2 –1
Middle East & North Africa 58 60 20 21 24 22 22 19 33 25 –2 –3
South Asia 69 71 11 10 23 22 19 19 9 12 –4 –4
Sub-Saharan Africa 66 69 18 16 15 17 16 14 27 27 2 –2
High income 62 62 16 15 23 21 23 22 19 22 0 1
Note: For data comparability and coverage, see the Technical Notes. Figures in italics are for years other than those specified.
a. Data prior to 1992 include Eritrea. b. General government consumption figures are not available separately; they are included in private consumption. c. Data cover mainland
Tanzania only.