CONTENTS

OBJECTIVE TYPE 02 TO 07

MORE THEN ONE CORRECT TYPE 07 TO 08

ASSERTION & REASON TYPE 09 TO 09

PASSAGE BASED QUESTIONS TYPE 10 TO 12

MATCHING TYPE 12 TO 15

INTEGER TYPE 16 TO 17

KEY SHEET 18 TO 18

SOLUTIONS 19 TO 33
 GRAVITATION
OBJECTIVE TYPE
1 - FORCE
1. A solid sphere of radius R/2 is cut out of a solid sphere of a radius R
such that the spherical cavity so formed touches the surface on one side and
the centre of the sphere on the other side, as shown. The initial mass of the
solid sphere without cavity was M. If a particle of mass m is placed at a distance
2.5R from the centre of the cavity, then what is the magnitude of gravitational
attraction on the mass m ?

GMm 13GMm 3GMm 23 GMm

A) B) C) D)
R2 200 R 2 8R2 100 R 2

2. A uniform sphere of mass m2 and radius b is surrounded by a spherical shell of

mass m1 and radius c. The gravitational force on a point mass m0 which is at a
distance a from their common centre is [ b < a < c]

m1
m2
a b c
p

G ( m1  m2 )m G (m1  m2 ) m Gm2 m Gm1m

A) 2 2 2 B) 2 2 2 C) D)
(a  b  c ) (c  a  b ) a2 a2
3. If the law of gravitation be such that the force of attraction between two par-
th
5
ticles vary inversely as the power of their seperation, then the graph of
2
orbital velocity V0 plotted against the distance r of the satellite from the earth’s
center on a log-log scale is shown in figure. The slope of the line will be
3
A)
2 log V0

B) -1
5
C)
2
3 log r
D)
4
4. The satellite is moving in an elliptical orbit about the earth as shown in fig.
The minimum and maximum distance of satellite from earth are 3units and
5units respectively the distance of satellite from the earth when it is at point P
equal to

P
S 
E Q

A) 4 units B) 3 units C) 3.75 units D) None of these

5. A mass ‘m’ is at a distance from one end of a uniform rod of length ‘l’ and
mass M. The gravitational force on the mass m due to rod is

GMm GMm GMm GMm

A) l  a  l  B) a  l  a  C) D) a  l  a 
al

6. A uniform sphere of mass m2 and radius b is surrounded by a spherical shell

of mass m1 and radius c. The gravitational force on a point mass m0 which is
m1
m2
at a distance a from their common centre is [ b < a < c] a b c
p

G ( m1  m2 )m G (m1  m2 ) m Gm2 m Gm1m

A) 2 2 2 B) 2 2 2 C) 2 D)
(a  b  c ) (c  a  b ) a a2
2 - ACCELERATION ON DUE TO GRAVITY

1. The density of the core of a planet is 1 and that of the outer part(shell) is 2 .
The radii of the core and that of the planet are R and 2R respectively. The
acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the planet is same as at a depth R.
1
Find the ratio of  .
2
1
A) 1 : 3 B) 2 : 5 2
C) 5 : 3 D) 7 : 3
3 - FIELD & POTENTIAL
1. Gravitational potential versus distance r graph is represented in fig. The
magnitude of gravitational field intensity is equal to

4 J / kg 8 J / kg
12 J / kg
v
 300 300 300

1m 1m
r 
A) 8 N/ Kg B) 4 N/kg C) 6 N/kg D) 2 N/kg

2. A sphere of uniform mass density  is spread over the region x 2  y2  z 2  a 2 .

2 a2
A portion of matter extending over the region  x  a / 2  y  z 
2 2
is
4
 a 
scooped out the resultant gravitational field Intensity at the point  0, , 0
2
in the vector form ?

 
A) 
3 2
  
Ga  iˆ  2 2  1 ˆj B) 
3 2
 
Ga ˆi  2 2  1 ˆj 
2 
C)  Gajˆ
3
D) 
2
 
Ga ˆi  2 2  1 ˆj 
3. A metal sphere has radius R and mass M. A spherical hollow of diameter R is
made in this sphere such that its surface passes through the centre of the
metal sphere and touches the outside surface of the metal sphere. A unit
mass is placed at a distance a from the centre of metal sphere.

Unit mass

A) The gravitational field at that point is

 
 
GM  1 
1
B) The gravitational field at that point is a 2
  R
2

 8 1   
  2a  

M M
C) Mass of the sphere taken out is D) Mass of the sphere taken out is
12 2
4. A ring of radius R = 4m is made of a highly dense material. Mass of the ring is
m1  5.4x109 kg distributed uniformly over its circumference. A highly dense
particle of mass m 2  6x108 kg is placed on the axis of ring at a distance of
x0  3m from the centre Neglecting all other forces except mutual gravitational
interaction of the two, displacement of the ring when particle is closest to it is
‘S’ m and speed of the particle at that instant is ‘  ’ m/s; then the value of
 / s is
2 3 5
A) B) C) D)None of these
5 5 2
4 - SATEVILES & P.E
1. The gravitational potential energy of interactions of a system of six identical
particles, each of mass m placed at the vertices of a regular hexagon of side ‘a’
is [PE = 0 at infinite seperation]

Gm2  1 1 3Gm 2  1 1
A)  1   B)  1  
a  3 4 a  3 4

6Gm 2  1 1 2Gm 2  1 1
C)  1   D)  1  
a  3 4 a  3 4

2. A planet of mass ‘m’ moves around the Sun along an ellipse so that its mini-
mum distance from the Sun is equal to r and maximum distance ‘R’. The
period of revolution around the Sun is (Mass of the Sun=M)

3 3 3
r  R r  R r  R R3
A) 2 B)  C)  D) 
2GM 2GM GM 2GM

3. A particle of mass m is projected up from the surface of earth with a speed

equal to twice the escape speed from the surface. What will be its total
mechanical energy when it is at a height h=R from the surface. Take the
gravitational PE=0 at infinity. g=acceleration due to gravity at the surface of
earth and R=radius of earth.
mgR
A) B) 3mgR C) mgR D) 2mgR
2

4. A slender, uniform rod of length R0 and mass per unit length  kgm1 is placed
along the radius of the earth as shown. The gravitational potential energy of
the rod earth system is (me = mass of earth, Re = radius of earth)

3
A) 2Gme B)  Gme
2

4Gme  5Gme Earth

C)  D) 
3 3
5. A point mass m is released from rest at a distance of 3R from the centre of a
thin - walled hollow sphere of radius R and mass M as shown. The hollow
sphere is fixed in position and the only force on the point mass is the gravita-
tional attraction of the hollow sphere. There is a very small hole in the hollow
sphere through which the point mass falls as shown. The velocity of point
R
mass when it passes through point P at a distance from centre of sphere is
2

2GM 5GM
A) B)
3R 3R

25GM 4GM
C) D)
24R 3R
6. A tunnel is dug in to the centre of the earth and a body is dropped into it. The
body will reach the centre in time
 Re  Re  Re 2 Re
A) B) 4 C) g 2 D) g
2 g g

7. A satellite is revolving round the earth in a circular orbit of radius r and

velocity V0 . A particle is projected from the satellite in forward direction with

 7 
relative velocity V   6  1 V0 then the maximum distance fromt he earth’s
 
centre during the subsequent motion of the particle
5r 7r 7r
A) B) C) D) None
3 5 4
8. An unpowered spacecraft has to hit a far off planet of mass M, radius R.
Maximum entrance area from which ‘the spacecraft can be projected so as to
hit the planet. Size of the spacecraft is negligible compared to planet

V0
2 GM  2 2GM 
A) R 1  RV 2  B) R 1  RV 2 
 0   0  h
R
X Y

2  2GM  2  2GM 
C) 4R 1  RV 2  D) 4R 1  RV 2 
 0   0 

9. A system consists of ‘N’ identical particles of mass ‘m’ placed rigidly on the
vertices of a regular polygon with each side of length ‘l’. If k1 be the kinetic
energy imparted to one of the particles so that it just escapes the gravitational
pull of the system and thereafter kinetic energy k 2 is given to the adjacent
particle to escape, then the difference (k1 – k2) is

nGm 2 Gm2  n  Gm 2 Gm2

A) B) C)   D)
a na  n  1 a a
10. A body of mass 2kg projected up from the surface of earth with a speed of 22
km/s. [ Ve on the surface of earth is 11 km / s ]. What is its total mechanical
energy when it is at a height equal to radius of earth ?

A) 363  106 J B) 121  106 J C) 640  106 J D) 15  107 J

11. A narrow empty straight tunnel is made from surface to centre of earth. Now a
small ball is dropped from surface of earth into this tunnel. What will be the
2
ratio of speeds of the ball when it is at a distance R from centre of earth
3
and when it reaches the centre of earth. (R is radius of earth )

1 1 7
A) B) C) D) None of these
2 3 2
12. Figure shows the orbit of a planet P round the sun S. AB and CD are
the minor and major axes of the ellipse.If t1 is the time taken by the planet
to travel along ACB and t2 the time along BDA, then

A) t1 = t2 B) t1 > t2
C) t1 < t2 D) nothing can be concluded
13. An earth satellite is moved from one stable circular orbit to another larger
and stable circular orbit. The following quantities increase for the satellite as
a result of this change
A) gravitational potential energy B) angular vleocity
C) linear orbital velocity D) centripetal acceleration
MORE THAN ONE TYPE
1. A solid sphere of uniform density and radius 4 units is located with its centre
at the origin O . Two spheres of equal radii 1 unit, with their centres at A
2, 0, 0 and 2, 0, 0 respectively, are taken out of the solid leaving behind
spherical cavities as shown in fig. Then:
A) the gravitational force due to this object at the origin is zero.

B) the gravitational force at the point B 2, 0, 0 is zero.

C) the gravitational potential is the same at all points of circle y 2  z 2  36 .

D) the gravitational potential is the same at all points of the circle y 2  z 2  4 .

2. In case of an orbiting satellite around a planet, if the radius of orbit is
decreased. Then the satellite
A) Angular momentum with respect to centre of the planet decreases
B) PE decreases
C) ME decreases
D) Orbital speed decreases
3. A satellite move along a circular orbit. A small body is thrown from the satel-
lite. The velocity of body with respect to the satellite is smaller than the that
of the satellite. Now choose the correct option.
A) If the body is thrown in the direction of motion of satellite, the body will
move in elliptical path
B) If body is thrown in the opposite direction of motion of satellite, the body
will move in elliptical path.
C) If the body is thrown in the direction of motion of the satellite, the body will
move in circular path.
D) If the body is thrown in the opposite direction of motion of satellite, the
body will move in circular path.
4. Let V and E be the gravitational potential and gravitational field. Then select
the correct alternative(s) : (V = 0 at r = infinity)
A) The plot of E against r (distance from centre) is discontinuous for a spheri-
cal shell.
B) The plot of V against r is continuous for a spherical shell
C) The plot of E against r is discontinuous for a solid sphere
D) The plot of V against r is continuous for a solid sphere
5. A solid sphere of uniform density and radius 4 units is located with its
centre at origin O of rectangular co-ordinate system. Two spherical parts of
equal radii 1 unit , with their centres at
A(-2,0,0) and B(2,0,0) respectively, are taken out of the solid leaving behind
spherical cavities as shown in fig, then

A) The gravitational field due to this object at the origin is zero.

B) The gravitational field at the point B(2,0,0) is zero.

C) The gravitational potential is same at all the points on circle y 2  z 2  36

D) The gravitational potential is same at all points on the circle y 2  z 2  4

 ASSERTION AND REASON TYPE

A) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is True ; Statement–2 is a correct expla-

nation for Statement–1.

B) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is True ; Statement–2 is NOT a correct

explanation for Statement–1.

C) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is False.

D) Statement–1 is False, Statement–2 is True

1. Statement-1 : Transverse acceleration of a planet revolving around the sun

in an elliptical orbit is zero

Statement-2 : Gravitational force between any two bodies is a central force

2. Statement-1 : Kepler ‘s third law is T 2  (constant) R 3 . Here the constant is

different for different planets .

Statement-2 : Time period of revolution (T) and length of semimajor axis (R)
is different for different planets.

3. Statement-1 : In free space a uniform spherical planet of mass M has a smooth

narrow tunnel along the its diameter. This planet and another
superdense small particle of mass M start approaching towards
each other from rest under action of their gravitational forces.
When the particle passes through the centre of the planet,
sum of kinetic energies of both the bodies is maximum.

Statement-2 : When the resultant of all forces acting on a particle or a par-

ticle like object (initially at rest) is constant in direction, the
kinetic energy of the particle keeps on increasing.

4. Statement-1 : The angular speed of the planet is smallest in its elliptical

path when it is farthest from the sun

Statement-2 : In rotational motion of the planets around the sun, the law of
conservation of angular momentum is obeyed
 PARAGRAPH TYPE
PASSAGE : 1
A solid sphere of mass m and radius r is placed inside a hollow thin spherical
shell of mass M and radius R as shown in figure. A particle of mass m ' is placed
on the line joining the two centres at a distance x from the point of contact of
the sphere and the shell. Find the magnitude of the resultant gravitational force
on this particle due to the sphere and the shell at

M
m'

 x
m

1. r  x  2r

Gmm'  2r  x  Gmm'  x  r  Gmm'  x  r  Gmm'  2x  r 

A) B) C) D)
2r3 2r3 r3 r3
2. 2r  x  2R

Gmm ' Gmm ' Gmm ' 2Gmm '

A) 2 B) 2 C) 3 D) 2
4  x  r x  r x  r x  r
3. x  2R

2GMm ' Gmm ' 2GMm ' 2Gmm ' GMm ' Gmm ' GMm ' Gmm '
   
A) 2 2 B) x  R 2 2 C) 2 2 D) 2 2
x  r x  r   x  r  x  R  x  r x  R   x  r
PASSAGE : 2

Consider now another binary system of starts X of mass M X and Y of mass

M Y . Their masses are different and they revolve about their center of mass.
Separation between the stars is R.
Orbital speed of star X is 48 km/s and its distance from the center of mass is
four times the distance of the star Y from the center of mass.
Again assuming the dimensions of the stars to be much smaller than their
separation, answer the following questions.
4. Consider the center of mass as the origin. At any instant, position vectors of X
 
and Y are RX and RY , respectively. Dot product of and will be

A) B) C) 0.5 R 2 D) 2 R 2

5. Orbital speed of star Y is

A) 60 km/s B) 4 km/s C) 12 km/s D) 16 km/s
6. Orbital time period of star X can be expressed as

4 R3/ 2 4 R3/ 2 2 2 R 3/2

A) B) C) R 3/2 D)
5GM Y 5GM X 5M X G 3GM Y

PASSAGE : 3
A solid sphere of mass M and radius R is surrounded by a thin spherical shell
of same mass M and radius 2R as shown. A small particle of mass m is released
from rest from a height h (<< R) above the shell. There is a hole in the shell as
shown. Neglect the effect of any other body including the earth.
m
h
A
B  2R

7. In what time will it enter the hole at A ?

hR 2 2hR 2 hR 2
A) 2 B) C) D) None of these
GM GM GM

8. The time it takes to move from A to B is t

R2 R2 R2
A)  B)  C)  D) None of these
GMh GMh GMh
9. With what approximate speed will it collide at B if kinetic energy of the particle
at 'A' can be neglected ?

2GM GM 3GM GM
A) B) C) D)
R 2R 2R R
PASSAGE : 4
Gravitational potential on the surface of an isolated uniform solid sphere of
mass M and radius R is found to be V0 . A spherical cavity having radius R/
2 is created inside the sphere which is touching the surface of original
sphere. The cavity is then filled with material having density 16 times that
of original sphere. A,B,C and D are consecutive points as shown in the fig-
ure each R/2 apart. VA ,VB ,VC and VD are gravitational potentials found at
points A,B,C and D respectively.
10. The potential at point A will be

13 19 21
A) 7V0 B) V0 C) V0 D) V0
4 4 4
11. The potential at point B will be

13 19 21
A) 7V0 B) V0 C) V0 D) V0
4 4 4
12. The potential at point D will be

13 19 21
A) 7V0 B) V0 C) V0 D) V0
4 4 4
MATRIX MATCHING TYPE
1. Two concentric spherical shells of same mass are as shown in figure.

Match the following

Column - I
A) Potential at A
B) Gravitational field at A
C) As one moves from C to D
D) As one moves from D to A
Column - II
P) may be greater than B
Q) less than B
R) potential remains constant
S) gravitational field decreases
2. A space vehicle moving in a circular orbit of radius r 1 transfer to a larger
circular orbit of radius r2 by means of an elliptical path between A and B. The
transfer is accomplished by a burst of speed VA at A and a second burst of

speed VB at B. Then match the following :

COLUMN-I COLUMN-II

2g r2
A) Velocity at A in a circular orbit of radius r1 P) R r r  r
1 1 2

2g r1
B) Velocity at A of elliptical orbit Q) R r r  r
2 1 2

(perhelion of the transfered orbit)

g 2r1 
C) Velocity at B of elliptical orbit R) R r  1  r  r 
2  1 2 

(aphelion of the transfered orbit)

g
D) Velocity increment at B from circular to S) R r
1

elliptical orbit
3. If rotational speed of earth is reduced, match the columns :
COLUMN - I COLUMN - II
A) Distance of geostationary satellite P) will increase
B) Energy of geostationary satellite Q) will decrease
C) Value of g at pole R) will remain same
D) Value of g at equator S) unpredictable
4. Density of a plant is two times the density of the earth and radius is half
that of earth. Match the following (As compared to the earth)
COLUMN I COLUMN II
A) Acceleration due to gravity on the P) is half
planet’s surface
B) Gravitational potential on the surface Q) is same
of planet
C) Gravitational potential at the center R) is two times
of planet
D) Gravitational strength at S) is four times
the center
5. Column I describes some situations in which a small object moves. Column II
describes some characteristics of these motions. Match the situations in
Column I with the characteristics in Column II
COLUMN I COLUMN II
A) The object moves on the x-axis under P) The object executes a
a conservative force in such a way that its simple harmonic motion

‘speed’ and ‘position’satisfy v  c1 c2  x 2

where c1 and c2 are positive constants.
B)The object moves on the x-axis in such Q)The object does not
a way that its velocity and its dispacement change its dircetion
from the origin satisfy v   kx, where k is a
positive constant.
C) The object is attached to one end of a R) The kinetic energy of
mass-less spring of a given spring contant. the object keeps on decreasing
The other end of the spring is attached to
the ceiling of an elevator. initially
everything is at rest.The elevator starts
going upwards with a constant acceleration
a. The motion of the object is observed from
the elevator during the period it maintains
this acceleration
D) The object is projected from the earth’s S) The object can change
surface vertically upwards with a speed its direction only once.

2 GM e / Re , where, Me is the mass of the

earth and Re is the radius of the earth.
Neglect forces from objects other than the earth.
6. Two concentric spherical shells are as shown in figure. Match the following :

Column – I
a) Potential at A
b) Gravitational field at A
c) As one moves from C to D
d) As one moves from D to A
7. Match the following
Column I
A) Elliptical orbit of planet
B) Circular orbit of satellite
C) Escape velocity
Column – II
P) due to outer shell is zero
Q) less than B
R) potential remains constant
S) gravitational field decreases
Column II
P) Kinetic energy conservation
Q) Angular momentum conservation
R) Independent of mass of particle/satellite

GM
D) Orbital velocity S)
R
8. In the figure shown, an isolated solid sphere with centre O and radius 2m and
density r has a cavity whose centre is at position C (i + j) m and radius 1 m.
The position vector of P in the cavity is such that CP  OC

C
P
O

Column –I Column-II
A) Gravitational field at C P) same at C & P
B) Gravitational field at P Q) is along – (i + j)

4 2
C) Gravitational potential at C R)  G
3

17
D) Gravitational potential at P S)   G
3
 INTEGER TYPE
1. Consider a circular ring with a point A inside it. Let P and Q are two small
elements of the ring. Then the ratio of gravitational field intensities due to
elements P and Q at point A is ( r2  2r1 , A is not at the centre of the ring)

P A r2
Q
r1

2. A binary star consists of two stars A (mass 2.2 Ms) and B (mass 11 Ms), where
Ms is the mass of the sun. The system rotates about its centre of mass which
is stationary. The ratio of the total angular momentum of the system to the
angular momentum of star B about the centre of mass is -------

3. An earth satellite is revolving in a circular orbit of radius a with velocity V0 . A

gun is in the satellite and is aimed towards the earth . A bullet is fired from
V0
the gun with muzzle speed . Neglecting resistance offered by cosmic dust
2
and recoil of gun, ratio of maximum and minimum distance of bullet from the
centre of earth during its subsequent motion is
4. An artificial satellite is moving in a circular orbit around the earth with a
speed equal to half the
magnitude of the escape velocity from the earth. If the satellite is stopped
suddenly in its orbit and allowed to fall freely, onto the earth, find the speed
(in km/sec) with which it hits the surface of earth
(g = 10 m/sec2 and R = 6400 km)
5. A particle of mass ‘m’ is projected from the surface of the earth with velocity
v0 which is less than escape velocity at an angle 600 with horizontal. If ‘V’ is
the speed of the particle at the point of maximum height of the particle from
10V
the surface of the earth, find the maximum value of V0

6. A double star consists of two stars separated by a distance ‘r’. The masses of
stars are ‘m’ and 2m respectively. Find the ratio of angular momentum of
lighter star to the heavier star, about the common centre

7. A satellite is projected with velocity 5 times its escape speed from earth’s
6
surface. The initial velocity of the satellite is parallel to the surface of earth.
The maximum distance of the satellite from the center of earth will be ......... R
8. A spherical planet of uniform density has a narrow tunnel running from the
surface S upto the centre C. A particle of mass m dropped into the tunnel
from the surface S, arrives at the centre C with kinetic energy k 1. If the
tunnel is replaced by a spherical cavity touching the surface S and the
centre C and a particle of mass 9m is dropped into it from the surface S, it
reaches the centre C with kinetic energy k2. Find the ratio

9. Two small dense stars rotate about their common centre of mass as a binary
system with the period of one year for each. One star is of double the mass of
the other and the mass of the lighter one is of the mass of the sun; Given the

distance between the earth and the sun is R, the distance between the two
stars is r, find the ratio of

10. A satellite is launched in the equatorial point (time period of satellite is 8 hrs),
sees it overhead. The minimum time elapsed, when the person again finds
the satellite overhead, if the sense of rotation of satellite and earth be same
and opposite are t1 and t2. Find the ratio t1 : t2.
11 An earth satellite of mass m orbits along a circular orbit C1 at a height 2R from
earth's surface. It is to be transferred to a circular orbit C2 of bigger radius, at
a height 5R from earth's surface. The transfer is affected by following an ellip-
tical path from launching point A to lanching point B. The change in energies
required at the transfer points A and B are respectively. Find the ratio of

12. The mass per unit length of an infinite long rope, suspended vertically in a
uniform gravitational field g is varying such a way that the wave propagates
along it with uniform speed v. The linear mass density as a function of dis-
tance y measured from top is given by , where at y = 0. Determine the value of
 k?

KEY SHEET
OBJECTIVE TYPE
1 - FORCE
01) D 02) C 03) A 04) A 05) B 06) C
2 - ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY
01) D
3 - FIELD & PORENTIAL
01) A 02) B 03) B 04) B
4 - SATEVILES & P.E.
01) C 02) B 03) B 04) ADD 05) D 06) A 07) B 08) B
09) D 10) A 11) B 12) B 13) -
MORE THAN ONE TYPE
01) ACD 02) - 03) AB 04) ABD 05) ACD
ASSERTION AND REASON TYPE
01) A 02) D 03) A 04) A
PARAGRAPH TYPE
01) C 02) B 03) D 04) A 05) A 06) A 07) A 08) C
09) D 10) C 11) A 12) B
MATRIX MATCHING TYPE
01) A - Q; B - P, C - R, D - S 02) A - S; B - P; C - Q; D - R
03) A - P; B - P; C - R; D - P 04) A - Q; B - P; C - P; D - Q
05) A - P; B - QR; C - P; D - QR 06) A - Q; B - P; C - R; D - S
07) A - Q; B - PQ; C - R; D - RS 08) A - PQR; B - PQR; C - PS; D - PS
INTEGER TYPE
1) 2 2) 6 3) 3 4) 8 5) 5 6) 2 7) 5 8) 9
9) 1 10) 2 11) 2 12) 2
 SOLUTIONS
OBJECTIVE TYPE
1 - FORCE
1. Sol: Answer D)

M
L et m ass of cavi t y = M 1 , Density of sphere =
4 3
 R 
3 

Mass of cavity cut out =M1

4 R3 M
  
3 8 4  R3
3
M
 M1   Fnet  FMm  FM 1m
8
GMm GM 1m GMm GMm
 2  
4 R 2  5  4R2 50 R 2
 R
 2 
23 GMm
Fnet 
100 R 2

GM 2
2. Gravitational field at P = Euniform +Eshell  O
sphere a2
Gm0m2
Force on m0  m0 E 
a2

GMm mv02
3. Fgra  Fcp  5/ 2 
r r

GM 3
 V02  3/ 2
 2 log V0  log  GM   log r
r 2

3 1
log V0   log r  log  GM 
4 2
 3
slope =
4

53
4. Semimajor axis 4
2

b
a

1
3

1
If e is eccentoricity ae = 1  e = 1/4 But b = a 1  e2 = 4 1 = 15
16
So required distance =

b 2  12  4 units

M
5. Mass of the element , dm  dx
l

Gm dm GMm
df   dx
x2 lx 2
l  a  la
1
GMm dx GMm  1  GMm 1 
f  a      
l x2 l  x  a l  a l  a  

GMm

a l  a

GM 2
6. Gravitational field at P = Euniform +Eshell  O
sphere a2
Gm0m2
Force on m0  m0 E 
a2
2 - ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY

1. Let m1 be the mass of the core and m 2 the mass of outer shell

g A  g B  given 

Gm1 G  m1  m 2 
then R 2  2
 2R 
 4 3  4 3 4 3 4 3
4m1   m1  m 2  or 4  R 1   R .1     2R   R   2
3  3 3 3 

 41  1  72

1 7
 
2 3

3 - FIELD & POTENTIAL

dv
1. E Here dx  drSin
dx

GM a ˆ
2. E Originalsphere without cavity    
. j
a3 2
E Cavity

GMCavity  ˆi  ˆj

E Cavity  2   E0
 a   2 
  a  0,0
2 2

GM  ˆi  ˆj
 2  2 
 a 
  8
2

Ga ˆ
E Total  0,a /2,0  E0  ECavity  
3 2
  
i  2 2  1 ˆj

GM GM 1
E  2
3. a2  R
a  
 2

3
4 R
M1     
3 2

4. Particle is closest to ring when it is at its centre

F xt  0 V cm  consnt

m1 0  m 2 x 0
x
m1  m 2

x = 0.3

Let the velocities of the ring to the right be v1 and particle be v 2 leftward

m1v1  m 2 v 2
 v2
v1 
9
gain of KE of system = loss of gravitation PE of system

Gm1m 2 Gm1m 2
U1  U2 
R 2  x 02 R

1 1
m1v12  mv 22 = U 1 + U 2.
2 2

V2  0.18m / s V2    0.18m / s

 0.18 18 3
   
s 3 30 5
4 - SATEVILES & P.E.
1. Total potential energy is

V   Uij

Gm 2   1    1   1  6Gm 2  1 1
  6     g    3    1  
a   a   3a   2a  a  3 4

r3mean  rR 
2. T  2  rmean  
GM  2 

3. Sol: Answer B)
Total energy at h = R will be same as that at h=0.

GMm 1
 m  2Ve 
2
 TE  PE  KE  
R 2
GMm 4GMm
   3mgR
R R

 2
 GMe  3 1  r  
dU   (  dr )
4. Re  2 2  Re  
 

r dr
 eR
GM e Re  3 r 2  GM e  3 r3  4
U
Re 0
  2
 dr   r 2   GMe
 2 2 Re  Re  2 6Re 0 3

5. From energy conservation between the point of free release and the hole
2
 GMm m  2 GMm    G M  1  1  4GM
  
3R 2 R 2 R  3  3R
Since gravitational potential (v) remaing constant inside the shell, velocity (
 ) remains same at 'p'
GMr
6. Gravitational field inside the earth E 
R3
force on the particle
F = mE
F GM
a a r
m R3
Particle will do S.H.M. with

GM g
 3

R R

R
T  2
gr
c

T
Time to move from extreme to mean =
4

7. VAbsolute  VR.V  VS

 7  7
  1 V0  V0  V0
 6  6

rmax

of VAbsolute  V0

Outer ellipse
Apply conservation of angular momenta

Li  Lf
 7
mv 0 r  mvrma
6

GM
v0 
r

Apply conservation of Total energy

1 GMm 1 GMm
mV0.2   mV 2 
2 R 2 rma

Solve the quadratic equation

Then rmax = 7r/5
8. B)
Let h is the maximum distance from xy in any radial direction from where we
can project a spacecraft so that it can hit the planet. Applying conservation of
angular momentum and conservation of energy
m v0h = mvR .... (i)

mv02 mv 2 GMm
  ... (ii)
2 2 R
Where m = mass of spacecraft
v = speed of spacecraft while hitting the planet

2GM
solving (i) and (ii) h2 = R2 (1 + Rv 2 )
0

so, the required area = ph2

9.
10. Speed after escaping from the in fluence ;of earth
V  ( 222  112 )103  11 3  103 m / s

1
Total energy = K.E in that interstellar space   2  112  3  106
2

 363  106 J

2
11. Using energy conservation between surface of earth and at distance R
3
from earth centre.

GMm GMm  2 2 R 2  1 2
  3R   mv1
R 2 R3  3  2
 GM
or v1 
3R
Now using energy conservation between earth surface and centre of earth we
get :

GMm 3 GMm 1 2
   mv2
R 2 R 2

GM v1 1
or v2  Now v 
R 2 3

12. Ans : B
time taken  area swept by position vector w.r.t time

GMm
13. V   as r increases, V also increases
r

GM GM GM
W ,v  , a  2 all these quantities decreases with increase in r
r3 r r

MORE THAN ONE TYPE

1. conceptual

GM .r 2
2. A) L  mvr  m  r, hence L decreases
r

1
B) U  hence U decreases
r

1
C) TE  hence T decreases
r

1
D) V  hence V increases
r
3.
4. The plot of E against r (distance from centre) is discontinuous for a spherical
shell.
The plot of V against r is continuous for a spherical shell
The plot of V against r is continuous for a solid sphere
5. conceptual
ASSERTION AND REASON TYPE
1.
2.
3. Till the particle reaches the centre of planet, force on both bodies are in
direction of their respective velocities, hence kinetic energies of both keep on
increasing. After the particle crosses the centre of planet, forces on both are
retarding in nature. Hence as the particle passes through the centre of the
planet, sum of kinetic energies of both the bodies is maximum. Therefore
Assertion is true, Reason is true, Reason is a correct explanation for Assertion

4. Since mγ 2 w=constant in an orbit

PARAGRAPH TYPE
GMm
1. F y Here y   x  r  & F'  0 inside the shell
r3
Gmm '
2. F Here y  x  r F'  0 inside teh shell
y2

3. F  F1  F2

4. Given rx  ry  R also rx  4ry

Dot product = rx .ry

Vx Vy
5. There angular velocity will be same r  r

x y

GM x M y M xVx2
6. Force of interaction 
R2 rx

4R
rx 
5

2 rx
Time period T  V
x

7. Acceleration due to gravity near the surface of shell can be assumed to be

uniform (h<<R)

G  2M  GM
g 2

 2R  2R 2

1 2h hR 2
h  gt 2 t 2
2 g GM
 GM GMh
8. VA  2gh  2x 2
h
2R R

From A to B , filed due to shell is zero, but filed due to sphere is non - zero.

R
t AB 
VA
Hence , R2

GMh

9. K A  0 : Potential between A and B due to shell is constant. From energy

conseration we can write,

1
K A  UA  K B  UB or K B  U A  U B  m  VA  VB  or mv 2B  m  VA  VB 
2

 VB  2  VA  VB 

 GM GM  GM
 2   
 2R R  R

10. C) Mass of original sphere = M

Radius of original sphere = R

M
Mass of cavity =
8

R
Radius of cavity M V r 3 
2

Mass of substituted (introduced) sphere = 2M [ 1/8 th volume 16 times

deser]

R
Radius of substitued (introduced) sphere =
2
At any point net potential [applying superposition]

 V0 (potential due to original sphere)- VC (potential due to cavity)

+ Vs (potential due to substitued

sphere)

M 
G 
GM  8  G  2M  19V0
VA    
R R R 4
 2  2
 M 
3G2  3G  2M  7GM
GM  2  R   8
VB  3  3R         7V0
11. A) 2R   2   R R R
2  2 
 2  2

M 
G   G  2M  13GM 13
2
GM  2  R   8
12. B) VD  3 
3R         V0
2R   
2  R R 4R 4

MATRIX MATCHING TYPE

1.5GM
1. At centre, V  and E = 0
R

GM
2. elocity at A in a circular orbit VA   GM  gR 2
r1

gR 2 g
R
r1 r1

2 21 1 
Velocity in elliptical orbit is given by the expression, v  2 gR   
 r 2a 

r1  r2
where a 
2

2 2 1 1 
Velocity at Perihelion of the transfer orbit, v AP  2 gR   
 r1 2a 

1 1  2 gr2
v   R
'
AP 2g   R
r1  r1  r2 
 r1 r1  r2 

r1v AP  r2 vBa

Velocity at aphelion of the transfer orbit

2 gr1
 vBa   R
r2  r1  r2 

g 2r1 
Velocity increment, va  R r 1  r  r 
2  1 2 

3. A - P, B - P, C - R, D - P
 g1  g  R2 cos 2 

 = 90° at pole, there is no effect of rotation of earth at pole

At equator, g1 will increase, when w decreases.
T will increase if w decreases
r will increase from Kepler's third law.

GMm
E , E will increase with increase in r.
2r
4.

5. a) The motion of object satisfies the following characteristics At x  0, v  c1 c2

a maximum value x   c2 , v  0 - a minimum value at the extreme of vibration
. The particle thus executes simple harmonic motion (choice p)

dv dx
b) It is given that v = - kx Hence,   k , i.e. a   kv Thus, the object expe-
dt dt
riences frictional force because the latter is often quite closely proportional
to the velocity . Thus, the object does not change its dircetion (choice q) and
its energy keeps on decreasing (choice r)
c) The object experiences force F  kx  ma The object undergoes simple
harmonic motion when view from accelerated frame (choice p)

d) The given speed v  2 GM e / Re is the escape speed for the object to escape
from gravitation pull of the earth. Thus , the object does not change its
direction (choice q) and the object travels upward, its kinetic energy keeps
on decreasing (choice r)
6.
7.
8. Ans. (A-P, Q, R; B-P, Q, R; C-P, S; D-P, S)
Gravitational field inside the cavity is

 4  4
E   Grco    G  i  j 
3 3

4 2
  G
3

CO is perpendicular to CP, since gravitational field at all the points inside the
17
cavity is equal CP line is an equipotential line VC    G
3

INTEGER TYPE
 dm G   rd 
1. E G 
r2 r2

1
E
r

2. Ans : 6

x1 11
m A x1  m B x 2   5
x2 2.2


LA  mA x12   L mA x12  mB x22 G
  mA x1 x2 mB
LB  mB x22  LB mB x22 

m m 
2

 1  A  B   1  5  6
mB  mA 

GM
3. Orbital speed of satellite is V0  ..........1
a
From conservation of angular mometum at P and Q we have

mav0  mvr

av0
v ............2
r
Or

From conservation of mechanical energy at P and Q , we have

1  2 V02  GMm 1 2 GMm

m  V0    mv 
2  4  a 2 r

5 2 GM v 2 GM
v0   
8 a 2 r

Substituting values of v and vo from Eqs.(i) and (ii) we get

5 GM GM a 2  GM  GM
  2 . 
8 a a r  2a  r

3 a 1
  2  or 3r 2  4a 2  8ar
8a 2 r r
 3r 2  8ar  4a 2  0

8a  64a 2  48a 2
r
6

8a  4 a 2a
r or r=2a and
6 3
Hence, the maximum and minimum distance are 2a and 2a/3 respectively.
4. Given v0 = ve/2

 1/ 2  1/ 2
 GM   1  2GM 
 R  h  2  R 

on solving h = R
From law of conservation of energy,

GMm 1 GMm
  mv 2 
 R  h 2 R

1 2 GMm GMm GMm

or, mv   
2 R 2R 2R

GM
or, v   gR
R
= [(10) (6.4 ´ 106)]1/2
= 8 km/sec.
5. Conservation of angular momentum at P and Q (mv0 cos q) R = mv (R + h)

 R 
v   v cos 
 R  h  0

v0 2r

v R

v0
The minimum value of is 2
v
6. r1 = 2r/3 and r2 = r/3
L1 = I1 w and L2 = I2 w
 m  2r / 3
2
L1 I
 1 2
L2 I 2 2mr / 32

7. According to the principle of conservation of angular momentum

10GM
m R  mv '  R  h  ... 1
6R
Applying principle of conservation of mechanical energy

GMm 1  10GM  GMm 1 2

  m   mv ' ...  2 
R 2  6R  Rh 2

Solving the above equations we get h = 4R

8. K1  m VS  VC  , The spherical cavity can be replaced by spheres of positive

and negitive masses. Since S and C lie on the surface of the negative sphere,
no potential difference between them.

K 2  9m VS VC 

9. Fr  ma r

 m 2m 
G s . s 
 3 3    ms  2  2r    2ms  2  r 
       
r2  3   3   3  3
2r r
3 3

ms C 2m s
3
2m
3
 s 
G 
3  Gms 1/ 2
2  
2 3
 3 T   4 r 
 2r  r  
r2    Gm s 
 3

Given T = 1 year

1/ 2
Gms me  4 2  1  4 2 r 3 
For earth and sun mass system  m e  12  R ; T  
R2 T   Gm s 

For earth and sun mass system T1 = 1 year.

2  2
10. 2 x t  T  T
S E
 TSTE TE TS
t1  t2 
TE  TS TE  TS

t1 TE  TS 24  8 32
   2
t 2 TE  TS 24  8 16

11. V11 and V21 be the velocities of satellite at A and B while the transfer is pursued
from orbit C1 to C2.

V11
V11  3R   V21  6R  V21 
2

1 2 GMm 1 2 GMm
Also m  V11    m  V21  
2 3R 2 6R

2 GM 1 GM
V11  V21 
3 R 3 R

1 1 2 m 4 gR  mgR
E1  mv12  mv11   gR  
2 2 2 9 3  18

1 1 2 m  gR gR  mgR
E 2  mv 22  mv12    
2 2 2 6 9  36

E1 mgR 1
  x 2
E 2 18 mgR
36
12. Consider an element of string as shown, let  is the linear mass density at
the location of element. So,

x 
   dx  g
v 0 
y


x dx
v 2
    dx [  is function of x]
g 0 x
Differentiate above equation wrt x.

v 2 d d g
  dx
g dx  v2
y + x = length of string
dx = -dy
 v
d g
So,     0 v2 dy     0egy / v2
0

So, k=2