11
CHAPTER Transport in Plants
1. The physical process involved in the release of
molecular oxygen from leaves is
(a) diffusion (b) transpiration
(c) osmosis (d) capillarity
2. Osmosis is the diffusion of a solution of a weaker
concentration when both are separated by
semipermeable membrane. What is the error in
the statement ?
(a) The movement of solvent molecule is not
specified
(b) There is no mention of DPD
(c) Behaviour of semipermeable membrane is not
specified
(d) The exact concentration of solutions are not
indicated
3. If a plant cell is immersed in water, the water
continues to enter the cell until the
(a) concentration of the salts is the same inside
the cell as outside
(b) cell bursts
(c) concentration of water is the same inside the
cell as outside
(d) diffusion pressure deficit is the same inside
the cell as outside
4. If a cell swells, after being placed in solution, the
solution is
(a) neutral (b) hypotonic
(c) hypertonic (d) isotonic
5. Osmosis means
(a) solute from low concentration to higher
(b) solute from higher concentration to low
(c) solvent from low concentration of solution
to higher concentration of solution
(d) solvent from higher concentration solution
to low concentration solution
6. Which of the following statement is not correct ?
(a) Plants absorb excess quantity of water
(b) Plants take small quantity of mineral salts
through soil water
(c) Water and inorganic salts may also
simultaneously by root hairs
(d) Plant absorbonly one thing at a time water or
inorganic salts
7. Which of the following is a rapid type of
absorption?
(a) Passive absorption (b) Active absorption
(c) Salt absorption (d) Root absorption
8. The form of water absorbed by plant's root
system, from the soil is :
(a) hygroscopic water (b) gravitational water
(c) capillarywater (d) All of these
9. The pathway of water from soil upto the
secondaryxylem
(a) Soil ® root hair ® cortex ® endodermis ®
pericycle ®protoxylem ®meta xylem
(b) Metaxylem ® protoxylem ® pericycle ®
cortex ® endodermis ® soil ® root hair
(c) Cortex ®root hair ®endodermis ®pericycle
® protoxylem ®metaxylem
(d) Pericycle ® soil ® root hair ® cortex
®endodermis ®protoxylem ®metaxylem
10. Humus in soil is necessary for plant growth
because it
(a) increases aeration and water absorption
capacity of soil
(b) makes soil compact
(c) makes soil sterile
(d) decreases rate of percolation
11. Water will be absorbed by root hairs when
(a) concentration of salts in the soil is high
(b) concentration of solutes in the cell sap is
high
(c) the plant is rapidly respiring
(d) they are separated from the soil by a
semipermeable membrane
12. Water in plants is transported by ascent of sap
takes place through
(a) cambium (b) phloem
(c) xylem (d) epidermis
13. The metal ion involved in the stomatal regulation
is
(a) iron (b) magnesium
(c) zinc (d) potassium
90 Question Bank-Biology
14. Transpiration from plants would be most rapid 24. Active and passive transports across cell
when membrane differ in
(a) there is lot of humidity in atmosphere (a) passive transport is nonselective
(b) the air is more humid (b) passive transport is along the concentration
(c) there is excess rain fall gradient while active transport is due to
(d) environmental conditions are dry metabolic energy
15. Wilting of a plant result from excessive (c) active transport is more rapid
(a) respiration (b) photosynthesis (d) passive transport is confined to anions while
active transport is confined to cations
(c) absorption (d) transpiration 25. Bidirectional translocation of minerals takes place
16. Excessive loss of water causes wilting of leaves, in
it can be prevented by (a) xylem (b) phloem
(a) keeping the plant in bright light (c) parenchyma (d) cambium
(b) spraying the plant with alcohol 26. The water potential and osmotic potential of pure
(c) applying vaseline on the leaf surface water are
(d) adding high amounts of fertilizers to the soil (a) zero and zero
17. Increase in CO2 concentration around leaf results (b) 100 and 100
in (c) zero and 100
(a) rapid opening of stomata (d) 100 andzero
(b) partial closure of stomata 27. If a cell A with DPD 4 bars is connected to cell B,
(c) complete closure of stomata C, D whose OP and TP are respectively 4 and 4,
(d) no effect on stomatal opening 10 and 5 and 7 and 3 bars, the flow of water will be
18. Which of the following wall of guard cells is thick ? (a) A and D to B and C
(a) Outer (b) Inner (b) A to B,C and D
(c) B to A, C and D
(c) Sidewall (d) All the three (d) C to A, B and D
19. Which of the atmospheric factor act as anti- 28. Which of the following plant is found to have
transpirant ? minimum transpiration ?
(a) SO2 (b) CO (a) Cactus (b) Hydrilla
(c) CO2 (d) All pollutant gases (c) Mango (d) Guava
20. Water potential is equal to 29. Stomata of a plant open due to
(a) Ys + O.P. (b) Ys = T.P. (a) influx of calcium ions
(c) Yp + Yw (d) Ys + Yp (b) influx of potassium ions
21. Stomata open and close due to (c) efflux of potassium ions
(a) circadian rhythm (d) influx of hydrogen ions
(b) genetic clock 30. The ability of the Venus fly trap to capture insects
(c) pressure of gases inside the leaves is due to
(d) turgor pressure of guard cells (a) specialised “muscle-like” cells
22. The principal pathway of water translocation in (b) chemical stimulation by the prey
angiosperms is (c) a passive process requiring no special ability
(a) sieve cells on the part of the plant
(d) rapid turgor pressure changes
(b) sieve tube elements 31. The translocation of organic solutes in sieve tube
(c) xylem vessel system members is supported by
(d) xylem and phloem (a) P-proteins
23. Guttation is mainly due to (b) mass flow involving a carrier and ATP
(a) root pressure (b) osmosis (c) cytoplasmic streaming
(c) transpiration (d) imbibition (d) root pressure and transpiration pull
Transport in Plants 91
32. Transpiration differs from evaporation in 42. Which of the following is not performed by root
(a) rate of water loss hairs ?
(b) transpiration is a physiological process while (a) Water uptake (b) Oxygen uptake
evaporation is a physical process (c) Mineral uptake (d) CO2 uptake
(c) transpiration is a physical process while
evaporation is a physiological process 43. Movement of ions or molecules against the
(d) frequency of water loss electrochemical gradient is called
33. Excessive supply of chemical fertilizers often (a) diffusion
causes death of crop plants due to (b) pinocytosis
(a) exosmosis (b) endosmosis (c) Brownian movement
(c) imbibition (d) turgidity (d) active transport
34. In rainy season, door gets swelled due to 44. When stomata open, the pH of guard cells
(a) imbibition (b) diffusion (a) increases (b) decreases
(c) transpiration (d) respiration (c) remains same (d) both ‘a’ and ‘b’
35. At what time the stomatal transpiration in plants 45. Conversion of starch to organic acids is required
is almost completely stopped? for
(a) Morning (b) Night (a) stomatal opening
(c) Evening (d) None of these (b) stomatal closing
36. Which one explains ascent of sap ? (c) stomatal formation
(a) Cohesion tension theory of Dixon & Jolly (d) stomatal activity
(b) Starch-sugar inter-conversion
(c) Photosynthesis 46. Plants die from prolonged water-logging because
(d) None (a) soil nutrients become very dilute
37. DPD is abbreviated form of (b) root respiration stops
(a) Daily Photosynthetic Deficit (c) cell sap in the plants becomes too dilute
(b) Daily Phosphorus Deficit (d) nutrients leach down due to excess water
(c) Daily Pressure Deficit 47. Water potential of actively absorbing cells is
(d) Diffusion Pressure Deficit (a) always + ve (b) always – ve
38. Good soil is (c) always 0 (d) always > 1
(a) which holds whole of the water that enters 48. The rupture and fractionation do not usually
into it occur in the water column in vessel/tracheids
(b) which allows percolating of the water slowly during the ascent of sap because of
from it (a) lignified thick walls
(c) which allows water to pass very quickly from (b) cohesion and adhesion
it (c) weak gravitational pull
(d) which allows limited amount ofwater to retain (d) transpiration pull
into it.
39. Guard cells differ from epidermal cells in having 49. Carbohydrates are commonly found as starch in
(a) mitochondria (b) vacuoles plant storage organs. Which of the following five
(c) cell wall (d) chloroplasts properties of starch (A – E) make it useful as a
40. Turgor pressure become equal to the wall storagematerial?
pressure when (A) Easily translocated
(a) water leaves the cell (B) Chemicallynon-reactive
(b) water enters the cell (C) Easily digested by animals
(c) no exchange of water takes place (D) Osmotically inactive
(d) solute goes from cell into water (E) Synthesized during photosynthesis
41. Which one of the following doesn’t help in The useful properties are
molecule transport? (a) (B) and (C) (b) (B) and (D)
(a) Diffusion (b) Osmosis (c) (A), (C) and (E) (d) (A) and (E)
(c) Surface tension (d) Active transport
92 Question Bank-Biology
50. Leaves which appear wilted in the day time 56. A semi-permeable membrane allows the
recover at night because diffusion of
(a) light is essential for photosynthesis (a) solutes
(b) the stomata close down, temperature b) solvent
decrease, transpiration is reduced and the (c) both ‘a’ & ‘b’
plant is able to absorb more water from the (d) None
soil 57. Mango dipped in conc. NaCl solution will
(c) respiration and translocation of organic (a) burst
substance both increase (b) contract
(d) the plant is sleeping because of dark (c) swell
conditions (d) no effect
51. What is action spectrum of transpiration ? 58. Which of the following theories gives the latest
(a) Green and U.V. (b) Blue and yellow explanation for closure of stomata?
(c) Blue and far red (d) Blue and red (a) Starch glucose theory
52. Root pressure is maximum when (b) Munch theory
(a) transpiration is high and absorption is very (c) ABA theory
low (d) Active K+ transport theory
(b) transpiration is very low and absorption is 59. Water lost in guttation is :
very high (a) pure water
(c) absorption is very high and transpiration is (b) impure water
very high (c) in vapour form
(d) absorption is low and transpiration is also (d) either ‘a’ and ‘b’
very low 60. The membrane which allows passage of certain
53. Which of the following plant dies rapidly? substances more readily than others is termed as
(a) Hollow (a) permeable
(b) Girdled plant (b) selectively permeable
(c) Pruned plant (c) semipermeable
(d) Deciduous (d) impermeable
54. Path of water movement from soil to xylem is 61. Which of the following statements is/are true?
(a) metaxylem – protoxylem – cortex – soil – root
hair (i) The apoplastic movement of water occurs
(b) cortex – root hair – endodermis – pericycle – exclusively through the cell wall without
protoxylem – metaxylem crossing any membranes.
(c) soil – root hair – cortex – endodermis – (ii) The apoplastic movement occurs from cell
pericycle – protoxylem – metaxylem to cell through the plasmodesmata
(d) pericycle – soil – root hair – cortex – (iii) endodermis, is impervious to water because
endodermis – protoxylem – metaxylem of a band of suberised matrix.
55. The plant ash is an indication of (iv) Symplastic movement may be aided by
(a) mineral salts absorbed by the plant cytoplasmic streaming which occurs in
(b) organic matter of the plant hydrilla leaf and chloroplast.
(c) both the mineral salts and organic matter (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iv)
(d) None of the above
(c) (i), (iii) and(iv) (d) (i), (ii) and (iv)
Transport in Plants
62. Read the following statements, (i -v) regarding 64. At the endodermis, water movement through the
transpiration and answer the question which
follows them
(i) It creates transpiration pull for absorption
and transport of plants.
(ii) It supplies water for photosynthesis
(iii) It transports minerals from the soil to all
parts of the plants
(iv) It heats leaf surfaces, sometimes 10 to 15
degrees
(v) It maintains the shape and structure of the
plants by keeping cells turgid
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct ?
(a) Only (ii) (b) Only (iii)
(c) (i), (ii), (iii) and (v) (d) All of these
63. Based on Munch’s pressure-flow hypothesis,
which of the following conditions would increase
the rate of translocation?
Sieve-tube elements
Companion sink (root cell)
cell
(a) An increase in the humidity in the outside 67. Arrange the following events in a correct order
air.
(b) A decrease in phloem unloading at the sink.
(c) An increase in sucrose production at the
source.
(d) A decrease in photosynthesis.
93
apoplast pathway is obstructed by which
alphabet?
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
65. Cell A and cell B are adjacent plant cells. In cell A,
ys = – 20 bars and yp = 8 bars. In cell B, ys = – 12
bars and yp = 2 bars. Then
(a) water moves from cell A to cell B.
(b) thereis no movement of water between cell
A and cell B.
(c) water moves from cell B to cell A.
(d) equal amount of water is simultaneously
exchanged between cell Aand cell B.
66. Osmosis is a form of diffusion in which
(a) the solvent moves through a semipermeable
membrane from its region of higher chemical
potential to its region of lower chemical
potential.
(b) the solvent moves through a semipermeable
membrane from itsregion of lower chemical
potential to its region of higher chemical
potential.
(c) the solute moves through a semipermeable
membrane from a region of higher
concentration to lower concentration
(d) the solute moves through a semipermeable
membrane from a region of lower
concentration to higher concentration
that explains the mass flow of materials in the
phloem?
(i) Water diffuses into the sieve tube elements.
(ii) Leaf cells produce sugar by photosynthesis.
94 Question Bank-Biology
(iii) Solutes are actively transported into the 69. In part Aof aplant, sugarsare actively transported
sieve elements. into the phloem tissue. In part B, sugars are
(iv) Sugar is transported from cell to cell in the actively transported out of the phloem. Which
leaf. way will the phloem sap move under these
(v) Sugar moves down the stem. conditions?
(a) (ii) – (iv) – (iii) – (i) – (v) (a) From A to B.
(b) (ii) – (iv) – (i)– (iii) – (v) (b) From B to A.
(c) (i) – (ii) – (iii) – (iv) – (v) (c) First from A to B; then, once the pressure
builds up, from B toA.
(d) (iv) – (ii) – (i)– (iii) – (v) (d) First from B to A; then, once the pressure
68. Stoma opens when builds up, from A to B.
(a) guard cells swell due to a decrease in their 70. If the external solutions balance the osmotic
water potential. pressure of cytoplasm, it is said to be
(b) guard cells swell up due to an increase in (a) isotonic (b) hypotonic
their water potential. (c) atomic (d) hypertonic
(c) guard cells swell by endosmosis due to efflux
of potassium ions.
(d) guard cells swell by endosmosis due to influx
of hydrogen ions (protons).
Transport in Plants 95
ANSWER KEY
1 (a) 11 (b) 21 (d) 31 (a) 41 (c) 51 (d) 61 (c)
2 (a) 12 (c) 22 (c) 32 (b) 42 (d) 52 (b) 62 (c)
3 (d) 13 (d) 23 (a) 33 (a) 43 (d) 53 (b) 63 (c)
4 (b) 14 (d) 24 (b) 34 (a) 44 (a) 54 (c) 64 (b)
5 (c) 15 (d). 25 (b) 35 (b) 45 (a) 55 (a) 65 (c)
6 (d) 16 (c) 26 (a) 36 (a) 46 (b) 56 (b) 66 (a)
7 (a) 17 (b) 27 (c) 37 (d) 47 (b) 57 (b) 67 (a)
8 (c) 18 (b) 28 (a) 38 (b) 48 (b) 58 (d) 68 (a)
9 (a) 19 (c) 29 (b) 39 (d) 49 (b) 59 (b) 69 (a)
10 (a) 20 (d) 30 (d) 40 (c) 50 (b) 60 (b) 70 (a)

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

4. (b) If a cell swells, after being placed in solution,
the solution is called Hypotonic.
10. (a) Humus in soil is necessary for plant growth
because it increases aeration and water absorption
capacity of soil.
12. (c) Water in plants is transported by ascent of
sap takes place through xylem.
15. (d) Wilting of a plant result from excessive
transpiration.
20. (d) Water potential is defined as the difference
between chemical potential of water at any point
in a system and that of pure water under standard
conditions. The unit of measurement of water
potential is pascal, Pa (1 mega pascal, Mpa = 10
bars). It is represented by greek letter Psi (Y).
Water potential has two components solute
potential which is always negative and pressure
potential which is usually positive. Therefore
water potential Yw is expressed as:
Yw = Ys + Yp
21. (d) Turgor pressure is the pressure that develops
in a cell due to osmotic diffusion of water inside
it and is responsible for pushing the membrane
against cell wall. Stomata open under conditions
of increased turgor pressure of guard cell and
stomata get closed under conditions of decreased
turgor pressure of guard cells. When turgid, they
swell and bend outward. As a result, the stomatal
aperture opens. When they are flaccid, the
tension from the wall is released and stomatal
aperture closes.
22. (c)Water movement occurs through the trachaery
elements of xylem.
23. (a) Loss of water from margins of leaves is called
guttation. Guttation occurs when trans-piration
rate is very low as compared to rate of water
absorption. Due to which root pressure is
developed and water is pushed out through
stomata like pores called hydathodes. It occurs
in more saturated atomosphere.
24. (b)Active transport alwaysinvolves the expenditure
of energy for the movements of substances against
concentration gradient.
25. (b) Minerals can move upward and downward
(bidirectional movement) as well as laterally in
phloem. Phloem plays an important role in
translocation of minerals.
26. (a) Osmotic potential is the potential of a solution
to cause water movement into it across a semi-
permeable membrane. Water potential is the
tendency of water to leave a system.
27. (c) D.P.D. or suction pressure (S.P.)
= O.P. – T. P.
Hence D.P.D. for A = 4 bars, B = 0 bars, C = 5 bars,
D = 4 bars
96
We know that direction of movement of water is
from lower D.P.D. (S.P.) to higher D.P.D. (S.P.).
flow will be from B to A, C, and D.
28. (a) Cactus is a xerophytic plant and have sunken
stomata to reduce the rate of transpiration,
confined to lower epidermis.
29. (b) During day time, due to photosynthesis, malic
acid forms which breaks to H+ and malate. H+
move out of guard cells and K+ enter forming
potassium malate which makes guard cells turgid
and stomata opens.
30. (d) Bending of tentacles in Venus fly trap or
Drosera after coming in contact with an insect is
thigmonastic or chemonastic movement of
variation or turgor movements.
The mechanism by which the trap snaps shut
involves a complex interaction between elasticity,
turgor and growth. In the open, untripped state,
the lobes are convex , but in the closed state, the
lobes are concave. It is the rapid flipping of this
bistable state that closes the trap, but the
mechanism by which this occur is still poorly
understood. When the trigger hairs are
stimulated, an action potential involving calcium
ions is generated, which propagates across the
lobes and stimulates cells in the lobes and in the
midrib between them.
31. (a) P-protein is the supporting factor for the
translocation of organic solutes in sieve tubes.
32. (b) Transpiration differs from evaporation
because it is a physiological process while
evaporation is a physical process.
33. (a) Excessive supply of chemical fertilizers often
causes death of crop plants due to exosmosis.
34. (a) In rainy season, door gets swelled due to the
phenomenon of imbibition. It is the process of
absorption of water without forming a solution.
35. (b) Stomata of most of the plants close during
night and hence stomatal transpiration is stopped
at night.
36. (a) This theory was proposed by Dixon and Jolly
(1894). According to this theory leaves loose
water into atmosphere by transpiration. This in
turn decreases water potential of mesophyll cells.
Question Bank-Biology
These cells draw water from adjacent cells having
high water potential. This potential gradient
extends upto sap of xylem. As a result, a tension
is created in xylem elements of leaf which is
transmitted down to the xylem elements of root.
This puts the water in xylem to a great pull or
tension. This is known as transpiration pull or
transpiration tension. The water molecules within
a column are joined to one another by a strong
mutual force of attraction called cohesion force.
37. (d) DPD is abbreviated form of diffusion
pressure deficit. The term was given by Meyer.
38. (b) Good soil allows percolating of the water
slowly from it
39. (d) Guard cells contain chloroplast while epidermal
cells do not. The guard cells are bean-shaped in
surface view, while the epidermal cells are irregular
in shape. The guard cells contain chloroplasts, so
they can manufacture food by photosynthesis (The
epidermal cells do notcontain chloroplasts).
40. (c) Cell placed in a hypotonic solution becomes
turgid due to endosmosis. Water exerts a pressure
on the walls of the cell called turgor pressure.
Cell wall being a rigid and hard structure also
exerts a pressure on cytoplasm in response to
turgor pressure when TP = WP, DPD = 0 (No net
exchange of water).
41. (c) Diffusion – Movement of solid, liquid, gases
particles from high conc. to low conc.
Osmosis – Special case of diffusion which is
applicable to liquid only.
42. (d) Root hairs absorb water, minerals and oxygen
but they do not absorb CO2. CO2 intake takes
place in leaves.
43. (d) The energy mediatedtransport of biomolecules
across cell membranes is termed as active
transport. This process requires the expenditure
of the cellular energy in the form of ATP since it
involves movement against an electrical or
concentration gradient. The random movement
of particles in a fluid is termed as Brownian
movement. Pinocytosis is a form of endocytosis
operating in living cells wherein extracellular
fluids are engulfed into larger vesicles. Diffusion
Transport in Plants
is the movement of molecules from region of their
higher concentration to region of lower
concentration.
44. (a) When Stomata open, the pH of guard cells
increases. Stomata contains a pore which is
surrounded by kidney shaped guard cells. During
day time CO2 is used in the photo synthesis
which increases the pH of guard cells on the
contrary, at night there is increase in CO2 and
decrease in pH of guard cells.
45. (a)Starch is converted to malic acid (organicacid)
through the action of an enzyme phosphoe-
nolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) under
condition of high pH when most of the CO2 is
utilized due to high photosynthetic rate during
daytime.
46. (b) Under water logged conditions roots die due
to lack of air for respiration.
47. (b) Water potential is regarded as the tendency
of water to leave a system. Pure water has the
highest possible water potential which is zero.
All solutions have a water potential lower than
that of water.
48. (b) The rupture and fractionation do not usually
occur in the water column in vessel/ tracheids
during the ascent of sap because of cohesion
and tension. The water molecules have a great
mutual attraction with each other or in other words
we can say that they have tremendous cohesive
power which is sometimes as much as 350
atmospheres. Thus, the transpiration pull
develops a negative pressure in the uppermost
xylem cells. It is transmitted from there into the
xylem of stems, and from there into the xylem of
stems, and from there to the roots.
49. (b) Carbohydrates are commonly found as starch
in plant storage organs. It is chemically non-
reactive and osmoticallyinactive polysaccharides
of much greater molecular weight. Carbohydrates
performs a vital role in living organisms. Starch
and other polysaccharides serve as energy
storage in plants, particularly in seeds, tubers,
etc. which provide a major energy source for
animals, including humans.
97
52. (b) When root pressure is maximum then
transpiration is very low and absorption of water
and minerals are veryhigh.
53. (b) For life, food is essential for every cell. When
girdling takes place thereis no movement offood
(phloem sap) towards the root & hence the plant
will be die.
54. (c) Path of water movement from soil to xylem is:
soil ® root hair ® cortex ® endodermis ®
pericycle ®protoxylem ®metaxylem
55. (a) Ash is the residue of burned plant parts like;
bark, wood, sawdust, leaves, woody debris, pulp,
husk, hulls, fronds, and other plant debris. Ash
has been used for soil liming (Risse, 2002) and for
traditional pest control to some crawling pests
(HDRA, 2002; Stoll, 2000). The minerals required
in the greatest amounts by plants (also called
macroelements) arethose containing the elements
potassium, phosphorous and in particular
nitrogen.
56. (b) A semipermeable membrane, also termed a
selectively-permeable membrane, a partially-
permeable membrane or a differentially-permeable
membrane, is a membrane that will allow certain
molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion
and occasionally specialized "facilitated diffusion."
The rate of passage depends on the pressure,
concentration, and temperature of the molecules or
solutes on either side, as well as the permeability
of the membrane to each solute.
57. (b) Hypertonic solutions contain a high concen-
tration of solute relative to another solution
(e.g. the cell’s cytoplasm). When amango isplaced
in a hypertonic solution, the water diffuses out of
the cell, causing the mango to shrivel.
58. (d) Active K+ transport theory gives the the latest
explanation for the closure of stomata. Uptake of
K+ into the cells and subsequentally the loss of
K+. The loss of these solutes causes a reduction
in osmotic pressure, thus making the cell flaccid
and so closing the stomatal pores.
59. (b) Water lost in guttaion is impure water.
Guttation takes place through special structures
called hydathodes. These are usually found on
98 Question Bank-Biology
the margins and tips of leaves. The water which y = y s +y p
is lost now contains organic and inorganic salts
and is impure water. For cell A, For cell B
60. (b)The membrane which allows passage of certain y A = -20 + 8 y B = -12 + 2
substances more readily than others is termed as
selectively permeable. It is a membrane in cells = 12 bars = – 10 bars
that only allows certain things in . This allows yB > y A
certain molecules or ions to pass through it by
diffusion & occassionally specialized facilitated i.e., – 10 > – 12
diffusion. The rate of passage depends on the Thus, movement of water will occur from
pressure, concentration, and temperature of the cell B to cell A.
molecules of solutes on either side, as well as the 69. (a) Sap will flow from high to low pressure areas
permeabilityof the membrane to each solute. in the plant. Adding sugars to the sap causes
65. (c) Water always move from higher water water to enter the phloem, thus increasing
potential to lower water potential. pressure. Removing sugars causes water to leave
Water potential = Osmotic potential + Pressure the phloem, thereby reducing pressure.
potential