Pantalla anterior

Producto: MOTOR GRADER

Modelo: 140G MOTOR GRADER 72V
Configuración: 3306 VEHICULAR ENGINE 72V00001-00822 (MACHINE)

Operación de Sistemas
12G, 130G & 140G MOTOR GRADERS HYDRAULIC SYSTEM AND STEERING
Número de medio -REG01576- Fecha de publicación - Fecha de actualización -
03 01/01/1984 18/07/2003

REG015760001

Systems Operation
SMCS - 5070-015; 5070-016; 5070-010
/sisw eb/sisw eb/m /sisw eb/mediase

Introduction
NOTE: For Specifications with illustrations, make reference to the SPECIFICATIONS
for 12G, 130G and 140G MOTOR GRADERS HYDRAULIC SYSTEM AND
STEERING Form No. REG01577. If the Specifications in Form No. REG01577 are not
the same as in the Systems Operation and the Testing and Adjusting, look at the printing
date on the back cover of each book. Use the Specifications given in the book with the
latest date.

Hydraulic System And Steering

TANK, PUMP AND OIL COOLER SYSTEM (SCHEMATIC)
1. Tank for hydraulic oil. 2. Filter. 3. Unloading valve (part of the combination valve). 4. Line from the
variable displacement pump. 5. Cooler for hydraulic oil. 6. Bypass valve for oil cooler. 7. Filter. 8. Return
line from unloading valve. 9. Passage to the other section of the combination valve. 10. Strainer. 11. Line
from the metering pump and valve for steering. 12. Passage from pressure reduction valve and relief
valve. 13. Line from the swivel. 14. Line from the drive motor for the circle. 15. Line from the control
valves. 16. Variable displacement pump. 17. Pump for oil to the oil cooler.

The hydraulic system is a closed center system. In a closed center system, the oil from
the variable displacement pump (16), has pressure at each valve in the hydraulic system
when the vehicle engine is running.

The drive shaft for pump (16) goes through the pump to the drive shaft for pump (17).

When the vehicle engine is running, both pumps are operating. Pump (16) gets oil
through a line from tank (1). Lines (8, 13, 14 and 15) are for oil leakage from the valves
in the hydraulic system. The oil leakage is from high pressure oil and is a source of heat.
The oil from lines (8), (13), (14) and (15) and a line from the tank goes through a
manifold and to pump (17). Pump (17) moves this oil through oil cooler (5) and to filter
(2) in tank (1). The oil from filter (2) goes through a manifold and through strainer (10)

and then into tank (1).

HYDRAULIC PUMP (Seen from left side of machine)

3. Unloading valve (part of the combination valve). 6. Bypass valve for oil cooler. 16. Variable
displacement pump. 17. Pump for oil to the oil cooler.

The oil from the hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motor goes through filter (7), strainer
(10) and into the tank.
MANIFOLD FOR TANK
2. Filter (element). 7. Filter (element). 10. Strainer.

Each filter (2) and (7) has a bypass valve. If the filter element is full of dirt, and oil can
not go through the element, the pressure of the oil gets an increase which opens the
bypass valve. The oil through the bypass valve goes through strainer (10) and into tank
(1). Each filter has an indicator that shows when the filter element is dirty.

Bypass valve (6) is for cooler (5). The bypass valve opens when the pressure of the oil
from pump (17) is more than the pressure setting of the bypass valve. Dirt in oil
passages in cooler (5) will cause an increase in the pressure of the oil from pump (17).
The oil in the hydraulic system can get too much heat if the oil from pump (17) goes
through the open bypass valve (6) and not through cooler (5).

Pump (16) gets oil through a large line from tank (1). The oil from pump (16) goes
through line (4) to unloading valve (3). The unloading valve is part of the combination
valve. The pump oil in the combination valve goes to all of the control valves in the
hydraulic system.

Variable Displacement Pump

The variable displacement pump is an axial piston pump. The change in the output
(displacement) is automatic. The length of the stroke for the pistons is the control for
the output (displacement) of the pump. With a decrease in the length of the stroke for
the pistons, the output of the pump is less. The movement of a swashplate in the pump
is the control for the length of the stroke for the pistons. When the engine is stopped, a
spring on a valve in the pump keeps the swashplate at the maximum angle (maximum
length of the stroke for the pistons). When the engine is running, oil at the outlet
pressure of the pump is in the valve against the spring. When there is an increase in the
pressure of the oil from the pump outlet, the force of the oil pressure in the valve against
the spring is more and the spring gets compression (shorter length). As the spring length
gets shorter, the swashplate moves toward minimum angle and the output
(displacement) of the pump is less.

The pump has two pressure settings. The load on the hydraulic components causes the
pressure setting of the pump to change. An oil line, from the oil circuits to the
components, connects to a valve in the pump. The pump operates at the low setting until
more oil pressure is needed for the component to move the load. When the pressure of
the oil to the component and in the line to the valve in the pump gets an increase, the
valve in the pump moves and the spring, which controls the angle of the swashplate,
gets more force. When the spring has more force, the length of the stroke for the pistons
gets an increase and the pump operates at the high setting. The pump goes to the low
setting when the pressure of the oil to the component gets a decrease.

VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP

1. Head assembly. 2. Port plate. 3. Piston (nine). 4. Thrust plate. 5. Pump body. 6. Barrel assembly. 7.
Swashplate. 8. Drive shaft.

The pump is driven by the engine crankshaft and turns at the same speed as the engine.
Barrel assembly (6) and the nine pistons (3) turn when drive shaft (8) turns. When
pistons (3) are at the bottom of their strokes, the oil from the tank goes through a long
inlet opening in port plate (1), and into barrel assembly (6).

PORT PLATE

As the shaft, barrel assembly and pistons turn, thrust plate (4) moves the pistons to the
top of their strokes. The pistons push the oil through the outlet holes in the port plate
and into the hydraulic system. The ball sockets on the ends of pistons (3) slide on thrust
plate (4). The thrust plate is on swashplate (7).
TYPICAL BARREL AND PISTONS
3. Piston (nine). 4. Thrust plate. 6. Barrel assembly.

The angle of swashplate (7) changes the displacement of pistons (3) (changes the stroke
of the pistons). The longest stroke of the pistons is when the angle of the swashplate is
approximately 16°. The shortest stroke of the pistons is when the angle of the
swashplate is near 0°.

VALVES IN VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP

1. Head assembly. 5. Pump body. 7. Swashplate. 8. Drive shaft. 9. Servo valve. 10. Bolt. 11. Shuttle
valve. 12. Oil line from control valve for the implements. 13. Pressure reduction valve. 14. Bolt.

The increase in the angle of swashplate (7) is stopped by the end of bolt (10). Shims,
under the head of bolt (10), can be removed for a decrease or added for an increase in
the angle of the swashplate. Shims, under the head of bolt (14), are used to keep the
angle of the swashplate from going to 0°. If the swashplate stopped at 0°, there would
be no stroke for pistons (3). If the pistons did not have some stroke, there would be no
oil for lubrication or to cool the pump. Add shims under the head of bolt (14) to get less
angle to the swashplate.
NOTE: Later pump groups do not use shims under the head of bolt (14). The bolt is
kept in position with a locknut.

TYPICAL SWASHPLATE

3. Piston (nine). 6. Barrel assembly. 7. Swashplate.

The actions of servo valve (9) and pressure reduction valve (13) control the stroke of
pistons (3) by moving swashplate (7) when either more or less pump oil is needed by
the components in the hydraulic system.

The low pressure setting of the pump is approximately 2150 psi (151.1 kg/cm2). The
pump operates with this pressure at all of the control valves in the hydraulic system
when the engine is running and the control valves are in HOLD position. When a
control valve is used, the pressure of the oil in the circuit to the component is also in
line (12) to shuttle valve (11). When there is an increase in the load on the component,
the pressure of the oil in this circuit gets an increase. When the pressure of the oil in the
circuit gets to 1500 psi (103.5 kg/cm2), the pressure of the oil in line (12) moves shuttle
valve (11). When the shuttle valve is moved, the pressure of the oil from the pump into
the hydraulic circuit can go as high as approximately 3500 psi (246.1 kg/cm2).

Servo Valve, Pressure Reduction Valve and Shuttle Valve

SERVO VALVE CROSS SECTION (Pistons in pump at longest stroke)
1. Passage for oil from the case. 2. Valve spool. 3. Groove (three) in valve spool. 4. Passage to case. 5.
Piston assembly. 6. Cartridge for servo valve. 7. Chamber. 8. Sleeve. 9. Passage for oil at pump output
pressure. 10. Hole and passage to the case. 11. Passage for oil from pressure reduction valve.

The actions of the servo valve and the pressure reduction valve change the angle of
swashplate (14). The change in the angle of the swashplate changes the stroke of the
pistons. When the stroke of the pistons change, the gpm (litre/min) output of oil from
the pump changes.

When the engine is not running, the swashplate is at the maximum angle. The
swashplate can be at the maximum angle when the engine is running and two
components in the hydraulic system are being operated together. The pistons, in the
barrel assembly of the pump, have their longest stroke when the swashplate is at its
maximum angle.

Oil at the output pressure of the pump goes into cartridge (6), through passage (9),
around valve spool (2) and goes through passages in sleeve (8) and cartridge (6), into
chamber (7). The oil in chamber (7) keeps piston assembly (5) at its extension and the
swashplate (14) at its maximum angle.

Oil, at the outlet pressure of the pump, also goes into the pressure reduction valve,
through passage (18), and through the orifice in piston (17). The orifice makes a
reduction in the pressure of the oil that goes through passage (11) in the cartridge for
servo valve (6). The force of the oil through passage (11), and on the larger surface of
valve spool (2), is the same as the force spring (13) has on the valve spool.

When there is an increase in the pressure of the output oil from the pump, there is also
an increase in the pressure of the oil through passage (9) and passage (11).

The increase of the pressure of the oil, through passage (11) and on valve spool (2), is
now more than the force of spring (13) and valve spool (2) moves. The oil in passage
(9) is now stopped by the valve spool. The position of valve spool (2) can now let the
oil in chamber (7) go through passages in cartridge (6), sleeve (8), and through grooves
(3), to the hole and passage (10) to the case.
SERVO VALVE (Before a reduction in the stroke of the pistons)
1. Passage for oil from the case. 2. Valve spool. 3. Groove (three) in valve spool. 4. Passage to case. 5.
Piston assembly. 6. Cartridge for servo valve. 7. Chamber. 8. Sleeve. 9. Passage for oil at pump output
pressure. 10. Hole and passage to the case. 11. Passage for oil from pressure reduction valve.

VALVES IN THE PUMP

1. Passage for oil from the case. 2. Valve spool. 5. Piston assembly. 6. Cartridge for servo valve. 11.
Passage for oil from pressure reduction valve. 12. Piston. 13. Spring. 14. Swashplate. 15. Pressure
reduction valve. 16. Piston. 17. Piston with orifice. 18. Passage for oil at pump outlet pressure. 19. Oil
passage. 20. Shuttle valve. 21. Oil line from control valve.

The oil, at pump output pressure, is also through passage (18) into pressure reduction
valve (15). When the oil in chamber (7) can go to the case, there is no force on piston
assembly (5) and the pressure of the oil through passage (18) moves piston (16). The
piston moves swashplate (14).

Swashplate (14) moves piston assembly (5). Piston assembly (5) pushes the oil from
chamber (7) through the hole and passage (10) in valve spool (2). The swashplate stops
moving piston assembly (5) when the piston assembly moves sleeve (8) to a position
where the pump output pressure oil in passage (9) can go around valve spool (2),
through the passages in sleeve (8) and cartridge (6), into chamber (7). When the oil at
pump output pressure is in chamber (7) on piston assembly (5), and is in pressure
reduction valve (15) on piston (16), the swashplate cannot move. The angle of
swashplate (14) is now less than when the pistons, in the barrel of the pump, were at the
longest stroke.

When there is a decrease in the output pressure from the pump, because the load on the
component in the hydraulic system which is being used is less, the pressure of the oil in
passage (9) and in passage (11) is less. The force of the pressure oil from passage (11),
on valve spool (2), is now less than the force of spring (13). Spring (13) now moves
valve spool (2), piston assembly (5), and swashplate (14). There is now an increase in
the angle of the swashplate and the pistons in the barrel of the pump get longer strokes.

When the load on the component in the hydraulic system being used gets to 1500 psi
(103.5 kg/cm2), the pressure in line (21) is also at 1500 psi (103.5 kg/cm2) and the
pressure of the oil moves shuttle valve (20). When the shuttle valve is moved, the oil
from pressure reduction valve (15) goes through passage (19), around the end of shuttle
valve (20) and into the chamber for piston (12). The force of the oil in piston (12) adds
to the force spring (13) has on valve spool (2). With the increase of force on valve spool
(2), the output pressure of the oil from the pump can go to 3500 psi (246.1 kg/cm2). The
actions of the servo valve and the pressure reducing valve are the same as when the
output pressure of the oil from the pump was below 2150 psi (151.1 kg/cm2). When the
pressure of the oil in line (21) is less than 1500 psi (103.5 kg/cm2), or there is no oil
pressure in line (21) when the components in the hydraulic system are not being used,
the output pressure of the oil from the pump is at approximately 2150 psi (131.1
kg/cm2).

Add to the washers on spring (13) if the output pressure of the oil from the pump is
below 2150 psi (151.1 kg/cm2). Add to the shims on the spring in shuttle valve (20) if
the shuttle valve moves when the pressure of the oil in the hydraulic system to a
component is below 1500 psi (103.5 kg/cm2).
SERVO VALVE (Pistons now have less than full stroke)
1. Passage for oil from the case. 2. Valve spool. 3. Groove (three) in valve spool. 4. Passage to case. 5.
Piston assembly. 6. Cartridge for servo valve. 7. Chamber. 8. Sleeve. 9. Passage for oil at pump output
pressure. 10. Hole and passage to the case. 11. Passage for oil from pressure reduction valve.

Combination Valve
The oil from the variable displacement pump goes through the combination valve when
the engine is running. The pump oil from the combination valve goes to the two control
valves for the implements and to the metering valve for the steering.

VALVES IN THE COMBINATION VALVE

1. Unloading valve. 2. Pressure reduction valve. 3. Relief valve.

A relief valve for the oil circuits to the control valves for the implements (3), a valve
that makes a reduction in the pressure of the oil from the pump to the steering system
(2), and an unloading valve (1), are parts of the combination valve.

Unloading Valve
UNLOADING VALVE (Part of combination valve)
1. Control lever UNLOAD position. 2. Line from pump. 3. Opening to other part of combination valve. 4.
Valve spool. 5. Line to tank. 6. Opening from other part of combination valve.

The oil from the pump goes through line (2), around valve spool (4) and through
opening (3) to the other part of the combination valve and to the hydraulic system.

The pistons, in the variable displacement pump, are at their longest stroke as the engine
is started. Because of the closed hydraulic system and the pump at high output gpm
(litre/min), there is an added load on the starter being used to start the engine. When the
outside temperature is low, the movement of the oil in the hydraulic system is slow and
the pump would put more load on the starter when it is starting the engine. The
unloading valve can remove most of the hydraulic load when the engine is being started.
When the control lever is held in UNLOAD position (1), valve spool (4) is moved to let
the pump oil through line (2) go along the groove on valve spool (4) and go through line
(5) to the tank.

Relief Valve and Pressure Reduction Valve

The relief valve and the valve for the reduction of oil pressure for the steering system
are in the same valve housing. The relief valve is in the circuit from the pump. The
pressure reduction valve is in the same circuit as the relief valve. The pump oil, through
the valve to the controls for the implements, can be as high as the setting of the relief
valve. The setting of the relief valve is approximately 3900 psi (274.2 kg/cm2). The oil,
through pressure reduction valve to the steering system, has a setting of approximately

1825 psi (128.3 kg/cm2).

8J7238 RELIEF VALVE AND VALVE FOR PRESSURE REDUCTION
1. Passage for oil from pump. 2. Line to control for implements. 3. Line to control for implements. 4.
Piston. 5. Check valve. 6. Passage to tank. 7. Passage in piston. 8. Line to steering system. 9. Dump valve.
10. Washer and shims. 11. Spring for dump valve. 12. Pilot valve. 13. Spring. 14. Shims. 15. Springs
(two, inner and outer).

NOTE: A higher pressure setting is now used in the pressure control valve for the
steering circuit. The new pressure setting is 1825 ± 25 psi (128.3 ± 1.8 kg/cm2), and the
former setting was 1375 ± 25 psi (96.7 ± 1.8 kg/cm2).

The change in pressure setting is on the new 9J4818 Valve Group, and on some of the
former 8J7238 Valve Groups. The former 8J7238 Valve Group is canceled, but later
8J7238 Valve Groups with an "X" mark for identification have the new pressure setting.
The parts shown in the parts chart are used in both groups with the higher pressure
setting, and can be installed in all earlier 8J7238 Valve Groups.

9J4818 VALVE GROUPS

1. Passage for oil from pump. 2. Line to control for implements. 3. Line to control for implements. 4.
Piston. 5. Check valve. 6. Passage to tank. 7. Passage in piston. 8. Line to steering system. 9. Dump valve.
10. Washers and shims. 11. Spring for dump valve. 12. Pilot valve. 13. Spring. 14. Shims. 15. Spring.

The pump oil in passage (1) goes through the orifice in dump valve (9) and into the
chamber for spring (11). The pressure of the oil, and spring (11), keeps dump valve (9)
closed. The oil in the spring chamber is against pilot valve (12) which is held closed by
spring (13). If the pressure of the oil gets to approximately 3900 psi (274.2 kg/cm2), the
oil in the chamber for spring (11) opens pilot valve (12). This oil goes into passage (6).
With only the force of spring (11) on dump valve (9), the pump oil in passage (1) opens
dump valve (9) and goes into passage (6) to the tank. The relief valve prevents the
pressure of the oil, between the pump and the implements, from going higher than the
setting of the relief valve.

The pump oil in passage (1) goes around piston (4), through check valve (5) and
through line (8) to the metering valve for the steering system. Piston (4) is held in an
open position by spring (15). The oil to check valve (5) also goes through passage (7),
into a chamber in piston (4). When the pressure of the oil in line (8) and in piston (4) is
approximately 1825 psi (128.3 kg/cm2), the force of the oil is more than the force of
springs (15), and the piston moves to a position that stops the oil from passage (1) to
line (8). When the pressure of the oil in line (8) and the piston is less than 1825 psi
(128.3 kg/cm2), spring (15) moves the piston to let more oil go to line (8). When the
pressure of the pump oil in passage (1) is more than 1825 psi (128.3 kg/cm2), the action
of springs (15) and the pressure of the oil in piston (4) keeps the pressure of the oil to
the steering system at 1825 psi (128.3 kg/cm2).

The pressure setting of the relief valve can be changed. Add to shims (14) for an
increase. Remove shims for a decrease. Add to shims (10) for an increase in the
regulation of the oil pressure to the steering system. Remove shims for a decrease in
pressure.

Steering System
When the engine is running, the oil from the pump goes through relief and pressure
reduction valve (6), through line (7), to metering valve (2) for the steering. The pressure
of the oil in line (7) is approximately 1825 psi (128.3 kg/cm2). The movement of the
steering wheel operates the metering valve. When the steering wheel is being turned in
the direction of a right turn (clockwise), the oil from line (7) goes through metering
valve (2) and through line (3). The oil in line (3) goes to the rod end of cylinder (13),
and to the head end of cylinder (14) and the rods in the cylinders move. The cylinder
rods move the front wheels to positions that will let the machine make a right turn. The
oil from the head end of cylinder (13) and from the rod end of cylinder (14) goes
through line (4), through metering valve (2) and through line (1) to the tank.
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR STEERING
1. Line to tank. 2. Metering valve for steering. 3. Line to rod end of right cylinder and to head end of left
cylinder. 4. Line to head end of right cylinder and rod end of left cylinder. 5. Passage for pump oil. 6.
Combination valve (relief and pressure reduction valves). 7. Line for oil to the metering valve. 8 and 9.
Relief valves (both in the same housing) for the steering cylinders. 10. Passage for oil to tank. 11. Line to
control valve for implements. 12. Line to control valve for implements. 13. Steering cylinder on right
side. 14. Steering cylinder on left side.

When the steering wheel is not being turned the oil in lines (3) and (4), and in cylinders
(13) and (14), can not move and the front wheels stay in position. If the side of one of
the front wheels hits a restriction (material that will not move), the positions of the front
wheels will move. The force on the side of the wheel causes an increase in the pressure
of the oil in the cylinders and in one of the lines to the cylinders. When the pressure of
the oil in the line gets to 1700 psi (119.5 kg/cm2), relief valve (8) or (9) opens. The high
pressure oil in the line goes through the open relief valve and into the other line to the
cylinders. This lets the positions of the front wheels change.
FRONT OF MOTOR GRADER
8 and 9. Plugs for relief valve. 13. Steering cylinder on right side.

The pressure setting of relief valves (8) and (9) can be changed. For an increase in the
pressure setting, add shims in the plug over the spring in the valve. Remove shims for a
decrease in the pressure setting.

METERING VALVE FOR STEERING

1. Shaft. 2. Spool. 3. Sleeve. 4. Outlet (to tank). 5. Inlet (for pump oil). 6. Pump gear. 7. Pump gear
(internal). 8. Flat springs. 9. Pin. 10. Opening to steering cylinders (left). 11. Opening to steering
cylinders (right). 12. Body. 13. Drive.

When the engine is running, the pump keeps the pressure of the oil in inlet (5) at
approximately 1825 psi (128.3 kg/cm2). The pump oil does not go through the metering
valve until the steering wheel is turned.

The steering wheel is installed on shaft (1). When the steering wheel is turned clockwise
to make a right turn, shaft (1) turns spool (2). After the spool turns a few degrees, flat
springs (8), in the spool, turn sleeve (3). The spool and the sleeve turn, but they turn a
few degrees from being together. The pin (9), in spool (2), turns drive (13) which turns
pump gear (6) in pump gear (7). Pump gear (7) does not turn.

When spool (2) moves before sleeve (3) is moved, the holes in the sleeve get in line
with grooves in the spool. The pump oil in inlet (5) goes through the holes in the sleeve
into the grooves in the spool. The oil in the grooves goes through other holes in the
sleeve and through a passage in body (12). The oil from the passage in the body goes
into pump gears (6) and (7).

As pump gear (6) is turned by drive (13), the oil is moved to another passage in body
(12), through more holes in the sleeve and other grooves in the spool, and through
opening (11) to the steering cylinders. The oil from the cylinders goes through opening
(10), passages in body (12), holes in sleeve (3), grooves in spool (2) and through
passages to outlet (4). The oil from outlet (4) goes to the tank.

PUMP GEARS IN METERING VALVE

6. Pump gear. 7. Pump gear (internal). 9. Pin. 13. Drive.

When turning the steering wheel is stopped, most of the parts connected to shaft (1) also
stop. Flat springs (8) now move the sleeve a few degrees in the same direction that it
was being turned. Now the holes in the sleeve do not line up with the grooves in the
spool and the flow of oil stops in inlet (5) of the metering valve. When the steering
wheel is not being turned, the oil cannot get in or get out of the steering cylinders which
keeps the wheels positioned for a right turn.
When the steering wheel is turned counterclockwise for a left turn, the method of the
flow of oil through the metering valve is like the description for the flow of oil for a
right turn. For a left turn, the parts in the metering valve and the flow of oil through the
valve, and through openings (10) and (11), are opposite to when a right turn is made.

There is a relation between the rpm the steering wheel is turned and the time for the
wheels to move to the position to make the turn. To make a fast turn, it is necessary to
turn the steering wheel fast (more rpm).

Steering the machine with the engine stopped can be done when the machine is moving.
Much force is needed to turn the steering wheel and the result is a slow turn.

Implement System
When the engine is running, the oil from the pump goes through relief and pressure
reduction valve (1), through lines (12) and (13), to the control valves for the
implements. The pressure of the oil in lines (12) and (13) can get as high as the pressure
setting of the relief valve. When the control valves for the implements are not being
used, the pressure of the oil in lines (12) and (13) is 2150 psi (151.1 kg/cm2).

When the engine is running and the implements are not being used, the pressure of the
pump oil in lines (12 and 13) to the implement valves is approximately 2150 psi (151.1
kg/cm2). The oil in lines (11), (10) and (8) and in passage (7) is open to the tank and the
pressure of the oil in these lines is the same as the oil in the tank. Lock check valve (3)
stops the oil in the lines between valve (3) and cylinder (4) and the rod in the cylinder
can not move. The pressure of the oil in line (14) is the same as the oil in lines (11), (10)
and (8) and in the tank.

When the blade lift lever, for the cylinder on the right side, is held in the LOWER
position, the pump oil in line (12) goes through implement valve (2), through line (10)
and lock check valve (3) into the head end of cylinder (4). The oil in the head of
cylinder (4) pushes the piston and rod out of the cylinder which moves the blade down.
The pump oil through implement valve (2) to line (10) also goes into line (14). The
pressure of the oil in line (14) is the same as the pressure of the oil in line (10). When
more force is needed to lower the blade, there is an increase in the pressure of the pump
oil to the head end of cylinder (4). When the pressure of the pump oil goes to 1500 psi
(103.5 kg/cm2), the oil in line (14) moves the shuttle valve in the pump and the oil
pressure from the pump can go to approximately 3500 psi (246.1 kg/cm2).
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR LIFT CYLINDER (Right side cylinder)
1. Relief and pressure reduction valve. 2. Implement valve to raise or lower the blade. 3. Lock check
valve. 4. Lift cylinder. 5. Passage for pump oil. 6. Line for oil to steering system. 7. Passage to unloading
valve and then to tank. 8. Line for oil from the implement valves. 9. Line for the oil from the other
implement valves. 10. Line from implement valve to head end of cylinder. 11. Line from implement valve
to rod end of cylinder. 12. Line with pump oil to the implement valves. 13. Line with pump oil to other
implement valves. 14. Line to shuttle valve in variable displacement pump.

IMPLEMENT CONTROLS (RIGHT SIDE)

2. Implement valve to raise or lower the blade (right side). 10. Line from implement valve to rod end of
cylinder. 11. Line from implement valve to head end of cylinder.

Control Valve For Implements

CONTROL VALVE (RIGHT SIDE)
1. Implement valves (four). 2. Line for pump oil. 3. Line for return oil. 4. Oil line to shuttle valve in
variable displacement pump.

Each of the control valves for the implements, on each side of the console for the
control levers and steering wheel, has four six implement valves. The implement valves
(1) are side by side and each valve is approximately 1.5 in. (38.1 mm) thick. The
passages for the pump oil in each implement valve are together and the passages for the
return oil from the implement are together. With the passages in the valves together,
only one line for the pump oil (2) and one line for the return oil (3) is needed for all of
the implement valves in a control valve.

Implement Valve

The operation of each implement valve is the same. There is a difference in each
implement valve. The rate of oil flow (gpm, litre/min) from the outlets of each valve, to
the implement, is not the same. The rate of oil flow from each opening in an implement
valve, for a hydraulic cylinder, is not the same. There are implement valves that have
approximately the same rate of oil flow from each opening. The size of the orifices from
valve spool (2), to openings (4) and (5), is one of the controls for the rate of flow. The
other control is the force of spring (14) against valve (9). The spring force is not the
same in each implement valve.

Resolver valve (7) lets the oil with the higher pressure in either the passage to opening
(4), or the passage to opening (5), go through the valve into passage (8). The higher
pressure of the oil on the ball in valve (7) closes the valve passage with oil that has low
pressure.
IMPLEMENT VALVE FOR A CYLINDER
1. Lever. 2. Valve spool. 3. Passage to tank. 4. Opening for rod end of a cylinder. 5. Opening for head end
of a cylinder. 6. Passage to tank. 7. Resolver valve. 8. Passage. 9. Valve for control of oil flow. 10.
Passage from pump. 11. Passage. 12. Check valve. 13. Passage for oil to shuttle valve in pump. 14.
Spring.
IMPLEMENT VALVE IN HOLD POSITION

1. Lever.

2. Valve spool.

3. Passage to tank.

4. Opening for rod end of a cylinder.

5. Opening for head end of a cylinder.

6. Passage to tank.

7. Resolver valve.

8. Passage.

9. Valve for control of oil flow.

10. Passage from pump.

11. Passage.

12. Check valve.

13. Passage for oil to shuttle valve in pump.

14. Spring.
The implement valve in HOLD position has pump oil at a pressure of approximately
2150 psi (151.1 kg/cm2) in the valve when the engine is running.

When the engine is started, the pump oil in passage (10) goes into passage (11) and then
through the holes in valve (9) to the chamber for the valve that has no spring. The pump
oil in passage (11) is stopped by valve spool (2) and there is an increase in the pressure
of the oil from the pump. As the pressure of the oil gets higher, the oil pushes valve (9)
against the force of spring (14) until valve (9) is moved to a position where not much
pump oil can go around valve (9) into passage (11). There is a small amount of oil
leakage around valve spool (2) in HOLD position because of the high pressure of the oil
in passage (11).

The location of the implement valve puts the valve lower than the oil in the tank. Oil at
tank pressure, through passages (3) and (6), is in all passages in the valve that do not
have pump oil. Air cannot get into the implement valve because of the oil in all of the
passages in the valve.

IMPLEMENT VALVE FOR BLADE LIFT IN RAISE POSITION

1. Lever in RAISE position.

2. Valve spool in RAISE position.

3. Passage to tank.

4. Opening for rod end of lift cylinder.

5. Opening for head end of lift cylinder.

6. Passage to tank.
7. Resolver valve.

8. Passage.

9. Valve for control of oil flow.

10. Passage from pump.

11. Passage.

12. Check valve.

13. Passage for oil to shuttle valve in pump.

14. Spring.

Implement Valve in RAISE Position

When the implement control valve is in HOLD position, the pressure of the oil in
passage (10) is approximately 2150 psi (151.1 kg/cm2). Moving the control lever for the
blade to the RAISE position moves lever (1), which moves valve spool (2) to the
RAISE position. When valve spool (2) is moved to the RAISE position, pressure oil
through passage (11) from passage (10) goes out through opening (4) through the lock
check valve to the rod end of the blade lift cylinders. The pressure of the oil in the rod
end of the cylinders is the same as the pressure in passage (10). At the same time,
pressure oil goes through resolver valve (7), passage (8) and into the chamber for spring
(14). This pressure and the force of spring (14) moves valve (9). As valve (9) moves it
allows more oil to flow from passage (10) through outlet (4) to the rod end of the
cylinders. The oil flow from the pump to the rod end of the lift cylinders is 6 U.S. gpm
(22.7 liter/min).

When the spool in the implement valve is moved to the LOWER position, oil from
passage (11) goes through outlet (5), through a lock check valve into the head end of the
lift cylinders. Since the orifice between valve spool (2) and outlet (5) is larger than the
orifice to outlet (4), the flow from the pump to the head end of the cylinders is 9 U.S.
gpm (34.1 liter/min). When the blade gets to the ground more oil pressure is needed to
move the blade down. When the increase in pump pressure gets to 1500 psi (103.5
kg/cm2) there is a change in the output of the pump and the oil to the lift cylinder
becomes less than 10 U.S. gpm (37.8 liter/min).

When the pressure of the oil from outlet (5) to the lift cylinders gets to approximately
1500 psi (103.5 kg/cm2), the oil in the chamber for spring (14) opens check valve (12).
The oil that goes through the check valve and passage (13) goes to the shuttle valve in
the pump and the shuttle valve moves. Now the pressure of the pump oil to the head end
of the lift cylinders can go as high as 3500 psi (246 kg/cm2). When a cylinder rod is
fully extended, the flow to the cylinder stops but the pressure of the pump oil in the
cylinder goes to 3500 psi (246 kg/cm2).

The control lever, lever (1) and valve spool (2) are the other way to control oil flow
from the pump to the implement. The shorter the distance the valve spool is moved
from the HOLD position, the smaller the amount of oil that goes through outlets (4) or
(5) to the implement.

Lock Check Valve

There is a lock check valve, between the implement valve and the hydraulic cylinders,
in each of the implement circuits. The operation of each lock check valve is the same,
but there are three types of lock check valves. One of the types of lock check valves is
in the circuit for the cylinder for the leaning wheel, and on some machines, the cylinder
for the blade tip, the cylinder for the side shift and the cylinder for the ripper.

LOCK CHECK VALVE (With outlet chokes)

1. Line to implement valve. 2. Piston. 3. Line to implement valve. 4. Choke in outlet. 5. Choke in outlet.
6. Ball. 7. Ball. 8. Line to rod end of cylinder. 9. Seats. 10. Line to head end of cylinder.

Lock check valves with outlet chokes are in the circuits for the cylinders for
articulation, the cylinder for centershift and for the lift cylinder on the right side. The lift
cylinder on the left side, and on some machines, the ripper cylinder and the scarifier
cylinder, have lock check valves with relief valves. The relief valve is in the passage in
the valve to the line for the rod end of a cylinder.

When the implement valve is in HOLD position, the oil in lines (8) and (10) is stopped
and the rod in the cylinder cannot move. The springs against balls (6) and (7), and the
oil in lines (8) and (10), keep the balls on seats (9). The oil in lines (1) and (3) is at tank
pressure.
LOCK CHECK VALVE FOR CYLINDER ON RIGHT SIDE
1. Connection for line to implement valve. 3. Connection for line to implement valve. 8. Line from lock
check valve to rod end of cylinder. 10. Line to head end of cylinder.

Moving the control lever for the blade lift on the right side to the LOWER position lets
the pump oil from the implement valve, go through line (3). The pump oil holds choke
(5) away from the orifice in the passage and the oil goes into the chamber in the seat.
The pump oil in the seat moves piston (2) against ball (6). Then the pressure of the
pump oil in the seat moves the piston, ball (6) and ball (7) off seats (9). The pump oil
through line (3) now goes through the lock check valve, through line (10), and into the
head end of the lift cylinder. The oil in the cylinder moves the piston and rod (connected
to the blade) down. When the piston moves down, it pushes the oil from the rod end of
the cylinder through line (8), past ball (6) and moves choke (4) over the orifice in the
passage to line (1). The restriction to oil flow through choke (4) prevents gravity from
moving the blade down faster than the pump oil can push the blade down.

The lock check valves for the cylinders of the blade tip, the leaning wheel and the side
shift do not have chokes (4) and (5). The operation of the balls and pistons in these
valves is the same as the valves with the chokes.

The lock check valves for the lift cylinder on the left side has chokes and a relief valve.
The cylinders for the ripper and scarifier also have lock check valves with relief valves
and chokes. The relief valve is in the passage to the oil line for the rod end of the
cylinder. There is an increase in the pressure of the oil in the rod end of the cylinder
when a force pulls the rod. When the force pulling the rod makes the oil pressure in the
rod end of the cylinder go to approximately 4000 psi (281.2 kg/cm2), the relief valve
opens. The rod is moved out of the cylinder until the force pulling on the rod is not
enough to keep relief valve open. The operation of the balls and piston in this valve is
the same as the other lock check valves.
LOCK CHECK AND RELIEF VALVE FOR CYLINDER ON LEFT SIDE
1. Line to implement valve. 3. Line to implement valve. 8. Line to rod end of cylinder. 10. Line to head
end of cylinder. 11. Relief valve (for rod end).

Blade Cushion Arrangement

The cushion arrangement for the blade is not on all machines. The use of the cushion
arrangement is controlled by an electric switch for a pilot valve. When the electric
switch is ON, the nitrogen charge in accumulators (3) makes a cushion for shocks from
the blade when the blade goes against small pieces in the ground that will not move.

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR BLADE CUSHION

1. Lock check and relief valve. 2. Lift cylinder (left side). 3. Accumulators. 4. Oil lines from control valve
for the lift cylinder. 5. Line for return oil. 6. Check valve for accumulators. 7. Pump oil from combination
valve. 8. Oil lines to head ends of lift cylinders. 9. Oil lines to rod ends of lift cylinders. 10. Pilot valve
with solenoids. 11. Oil line. 12. Oil lines from control valve for the lift cylinder. 13. Lock check valve.
14. Lift cylinder (right side).
The pump oil in line (7) is to pilot valve (10). Turn the electric switch for the blade
cushion ON and the oil from line (7) goes through the valve and through line (11) into
check valve (6). The oil from the pump in check valve (6) keeps the valves open and the
pressure in accumulators (3) is in lines (8) to the head ends of the lift cylinders.

ACCUMULATORS
3. Accumulators. 6. Check valve. 11. Line (from pilot valve).

Turn the electric switch OFF and the pump oil in line (7) stops at pilot valve (10). Now
the pilot valve lets the oil in check valve (6) go through lines (11) and (5) to the tank.
With the oil in check valve (6) at tank pressure, the check valves close and the pressure
in the accumulators is not in lines (8). The lock check valves now keep the rods from
moving in the lift cylinders.

Pilot Valve with Solenoids

The pilot valve is electric and an OFF or ON switch, moved by the machine operator,
puts the cushion arrangement for the blade in operation.

PILOT VALVE
1. Passage for return oil. 2. Passage for pump oil. 3. Passage for the check valve for the accumulators. 4.
Solenoid (NC). 5. Solenoid (NO).

The pump oil, at approximately 2150 psi (151.1 kg/cm2), is in passage (2). Solenoid (4)
is a normally closed switch (NC) that holds the valve closed and the pump oil is stopped
in the pilot valve. Solenoid (5) is a normally open switch (NO) that holds the valve open
and lets the oil go from passage (3), through passage (1), to the tank.
PILOT VALVE (Left side of frame)
4. Solenoid (NC). 5. Solenoid (NO).

Turn the switch for the cushion arrangement ON, and solenoid (4) valve opens. At the
same time solenoid (5) valve closes. Now the pump oil in passage (2) goes out passage
(3) to the check valve for the accumulators. When solenoid (5) is closed, the oil in the
pilot valve can not go out through passage (1) to the tank.

Check Valve for the Accumulators

CHECK VALVE (Open position)

1. Pump oil inlet. 2. Passage to an accumulator. 3. Passage to an accumulator. 4. Piston. 5. Piston. 6. Ball.
7. Ball. 8. Passage to head end of a lift cylinder. 9. Passage to head end of a lift cylinder.

The check valve can either have the oil in the lines to the head ends of the lift cylinders
stopped so the rods in the cylinders can not move or, it can let the oil in the lines go to
the accumulators which make a cushion for the rods when they are forced into the
cylinders.

When the switch for the blade cushion arrangement is ON, pump oil through inlet (1)
moves pistons (4) and (5) which move balls (6) and (7) off their seats. With the balls off
their seats, the oil in the lines to the head ends of the cylinders is through the check
valve and the oil is against the pistons in the accumulators. A cushion of nitrogen gas
with a pressure of 300 psi (21.1 kg/cm2) is on the other side of the pistons. An increase
of the pressure of the oil, in either one of the lines from the head ends of the lift
cylinders, can move the piston in an accumulator. There is an accumulator for each lift
cylinder.
Turn the switch OFF and the pump oil does not go to inlet (1). The oil from inlet (1)
goes to the tank. With oil at tank pressure on pistons (4) and (5), springs and the oil in
passages (8) and (9) move balls (6) and (7) to their seats. The balls also move pistons
(4) and (5). When balls (6) and (7) are on their seats, there is no cushion for the rods in
1 1 -1
the lift cylinders.