DESIGN OF A TWO-STOREY ANNEX BUILDING IN

KASILI LAKESIDE RESORT AND HOTEL

Marigold M. Lising, Kurt Robert P. Paniamogan, Jessa Mae O. Toldo, Arch. Marlon C. Solloso
Surigao State College of Technology, Surigao City, Philippines
marigoldlising@gmail.com, kurtpaniamoganofficial@yahoo.com, toldojessamae@gmail.com, marloncsolloso@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: Municipality of Mainit is one of the progressive municipalities in the province in uplifting the tourism economy, it deals with
various tourists’ destinations and caters visitors with Filipino-style hospitality. This study aims to design and analyze an annex building of Kasili
Lakeside Resort and Hotel using Reinforced Concrete Framing System, which is widely used for modern structures that can endure the climatic and
environmental phenomenon, because the location of the project setting is near the lake and how the soil behaves will be a big factor. In line with the
necessary requirements of National Building Code of the Philippines and required design criteria of National Structural Code of the Philippines, the
project was designed with the use of software applications for a more accurate computations and come up with precise dimensions in slabs, beams,
columns, and footing. The Program of Work of the whole proposed annex building is presented meeting the allocated budget of the Local Government
Unit of Mainit. The researchers suggest to have a bigger lot area intended for the annex building to accommodate bigger number of tourists.

Keywords: reinforced concrete framing, annex, STAAD, structural, software

1. INTRODUCTION procuring entity. It is already challenging to construct a structure

Hotels have been portraying significant purpose for the
hospitality industry. There are over thousands of hotels existing
in the Philippines at present time – hotels that are not just
aesthetically attractive but also has a stabilized structure. And in
order to compete with various hotels, extensions should be
considered or building annex building.
Annex building is an addition to the main structure
which contributes to cater various needs of the user of the
structure. It can be as big as the main building or smaller. It
consists additional rooms for a huge demand.
Kasili Lakeside Hotel and Resort is situated at Rizal St.,
Barangay Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte. It is the only hotel
that can be located in the area which is also overlooking the lake.
The resort is mainly the best option for gatherings because it has
a spacious convention hall and pools – pools that are intended for
adults and children that are also enhanced to attract tourists.
There are various construction systems used in the world
today, and one of the challenges that can be encountered is
choosing innovative way. Concrete framing is one of construction
systems that can provide high compressive strength compared to
other building materials and with reinforcement, it can also
withstand a good amount tensile stress. It is a great task to design
and analyze a structure that can withstand problems that are
environment-related. Innovative construction systems are widely
used nowadays for socialized or for competing with other rising
structures without compromising the stability. For example, using
concrete framing, it reduces the schedule and improve cash flow
because with concrete, the project can be started immediately and
doesn’t need to wait for fabrication. It also increases the flexibility
of the project because concrete structural systems changes are
very easy to accommodate – right up to the pour.
In every project to be realized, one of the factors that
could possibly make a huge impact is the geological location. This
includes the stability of the soil for the foundations to be firm and
steady enough to hold the entire building, the location of the site
which is physically at the side of the lake and a lot more. And in
order to formulate solutions to these problems, it is very
significant to consider these factors for the planning of your
structure for it to endure any environmental phenomenon.
Another factor also in realizing a project is the desires of the
near a lake considering its weak soils and the quantity of the winds
that will impact your structure.
A technology solution that would be helpful with the
analysis of the structure is through civil engineering software.
These softwares not just help the computations to be more
accurate, it also helps to lessen the time of analyzation and give
more attention to other significant activities in the construction for
the project to be finished on time with also a high quality in terms
of stability. We are now in a generation where technology is much
lifted and much patronized. Various engineering software are
being dealt to be able to lighten the work of an engineer in
analyzation – from the software that can draw, AutoCAD for
example, to software that can estimate and predict the activities
that are essentials in a certain project, Primavera for example. It
is much expected for the students to use these softwares, but
nothing beats the traditional way.
Numerous projects are considered today by the LGU-
Mainit, and one of its economic enterprises is the Kasili Lakeside
Resort and Hotel. LGU-Mainit is deliberating for their 2019 and
2020 projects and their first priority is the improvement of the
hotel and resort to compete with other hotel and resorts in the
province and also to attract tourists in order to raise the level of
economy in the said municipality.
Related Literature
Engineers today, face a big challenge in improving the
designs that can withstand climatic and environmental
phenomenon. Analyzing and designing structures has a great
significance to everyone since it greatly affects the modern
construction today. In all areas of civil engineering, engineers are
encouraged to ensure that projects have the maximum lifespan for
their intended use and employ the least amount of natural
resources (e.g., raw materials and energy required for their
production) while still meeting client, economic, societal
demands and code requirements.[1] Structural design is the
primary aspect of civil engineering, the foremost basic in
structural engineering is the design of simple basic components
and members of a building.[2] Based on structural dynamics
theory, the modal pushover analysis (MPA) procedure retains the
conceptual simplicity of current procedures with invariant force
distribution, now common in structural engineering practice. [3]
 Elastic behavior has to be assured and sufficient stiffness
has to be provided in order to limit any disturbance to the activities
for which the building has been design. The case of destructive
earthquakes having a high return period, the structure has to
provide sufficient strength, ductility and energy dissipation
capacity in order to resist the earthquake action, even if it is
severely damage, preventing failures and safe guarding human
lives.[4] The advancement in structural analysis techniques
coupled with the increase understanding of structural behavior has
made it possible for engineers to adapt the limit state design
philosophy.[5] Cementitious building material is most extensively
used as a kind of architectural materials in latter day and is the
largest artificial material at present.[6] But due to innovative ways
and knowledge of people, different construction system has been
used. The design of steel structure involves the planning of the
structure for the specific purposes, proportioning of members to
carry loads in the most economical manner, and considerations for
erection at site. [7] The design of steel structure involves the
planning of the structure for the specific purposes, proportioning
of members to carry loads in the most economical manner, and
considerations for erection at site. [8] One of the main concerns of
the field of conservation is attributed to the relationship between
the historical structures and contemporary modern addition and in
the most cases, an annex building influences the primary building
to display its mental image to the users. [9]
The researchers should ensure that the National Building
Code of the Philippines is strictly followed from the allowable
floor areas and setbacks to the minimum dimensions of every
rooms as per purpose. Hotel belongs to group B as stated in
section 701. In section 802, the measurement of the site
occupancy or lot occupancy shall be taken at the ground level and
shall be executive of courts, yards and light wells. The dimensions
of the rooms and bath and toilet is 6 square meters with a least
dimension of 2 meters and 1.2 square meters with a least
dimension of 0.9 meters respectively as per of section 806. For air
space requirements the minimum air space for habitable rooms is
14 cubic meters per person. Every room intended for any use,
shall provide window or windows with a total free area of
openings to at least ten percent of the floor area of room and such
window shall open directly to public street and etc. In section 809,
vent shafts or ventilation shall have a horizontal cross-sectional
area of not less than 0.10 sq. meters of every meter of the height
of shafts but in no case shall the area be less than 1.00 square
meters and a least dimension of 600 millimeters. [10]
In the current time, such multi-storeyed building edges
are outlined utilizing various design softwares. [11] These
softwares help to the designers whose nightmares are fast-tracked
projects.
Theoretical Framework
Reinforced Concrete Design is a method in designing a structure
using concrete reinforced with steel. A very valuable method in
designing the structure of the study from slab to columns and from
its dimensions to the spacing of the bars.
Structural Steel Design is an area of knowledge of structural
engineering used to design steel structures. It able to design steel
section in the study that can with stand the load of the structure
while compromising economical standards.
Structural Analysis the determination of the effects of loads on
physical structures and their components. Structures subject to
this type of analysis include all that must withstand loads. It is
beneficial to the study in determining structural failure and can
evaluate whether the structural design of the research study can
withstand external and internal stresses and forces.
Construction Scheduling is a recorded activity, resources of
equipment, material and labor with the estimated time of
completion in the construction. It helps the researcher in
managing and forecasting the performance of work if the project
study is implemented for construction. [12]
Construction Estimate a process of predicting the cost of the
structure that guides to determine the cost, quantity, labors which
are needed in construction with in the stipulated time of
completion. It allows the researcher of the study to determine the
project’s scope and feasibility and to allocate budget, it also
allows the researcher the expected cost of the structure they are
studying.
Values Engineering a systematic method to improve the value of
goods, equipment, and services by using the examination of
function. A ration of function to cost. This concept helps the
researcher to modify and improve project design and increase the
utility of the product by economical means.
Conceptual Framework
The figure below shows the conceptualization of the
study.
INPUT
Data Gathering
Data Analysis
PROCESS
Preliminary Design
Evaluation of National Building Code
Evaluation of National Structural Code of the Philippines
Structural Design
OUTPUT
Design of Annex Building
Figure 1. Flowchart of the study
Figure 1 shows the comprehensive flow of the study
from the formulation of the problem to the completion of the said
study. It starts with the data gathering and data analysis. This will
serve as an input on how to produce the design. This is relevant
because it will be the bases on how the structure will behave. Soil
profile is one of the important factors here, it is important to know
how a soil behaves in lakeside. The engineering personnel also
provides existing data used from the construction of the main
building and discusses the problems that were encountered by the
main building through the years.
Then preliminary designs are formulated to meet the
requirements of the LGU based on the needs of the guests. With
these requirements, it needs to be consulted in the National
Building Code and National Structural Code of the Philippines in
order to know whether the preliminary designs pass with the
evaluation regarding the design if its sage and economical enough
which is one of the purposes of civil engineering.
The output is design of annex building with the proper
accurate analysis because of the consultation from govern
construction codes.
Objectives
The general objective of this study is to design an annex
building of Kasili Lakeside Resort and Hotel using steel framing
construction system that can withstand the location of the project.
Thus, the following are the specific objectives tallied by the
researchers:
1. To analyze a structure based on the aesthetical and
structural requirements.
2. To design an annex building.
3. To evaluate the structure based on the standard of
National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP) and
National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP).
2. METHODS
Project Design
The study covers the complete ways to successfully
design an annex building using concrete framing system that is
widely used nowadays in the construction industry. It focuses on
the analysis and safety requirements of the structure that faces a
natural problem which is situated lakeside.
The architectural design of the whole structure will be
inspired to the modern aesthetic designs of the building of today’s
era design that will compete nationally. The lot area is 1104 sq.m
that is still part of the Kasili Lakeside Resort and Hotel compound.
The municipal mayor wants the annex building to be composed
of a convention hall that can cater six hundred people, a café shop,
an open ceiling lobby and of course parking lots. The annex
building must have at least 24 guest rooms with different sizes
depending on the type of the room, and each room should have
veranda where guests can see the outside beauty around the
premises, toilet and bath for each room should also be present. On
roof deck, a lawn tennis court must be present and a multiple
purpose area.
The structural design of the study must strong enough to
withstand possible occurrences such as climatic phenomenon.
Also, the building is modernized so the facilities and fixtures in
terms of fire prevention is also modern. Also, the whole design
must achieve all the standards set by the National Building Code
and National Structural Code of the Philippines.
Project Development
Project development is the process and the facility of
planning, organizing, coordinating, and controlling the resources
to accomplish specific goals. The first part of developing a
successful project is to make sure that you are entirely sure of
everything that needs to be done and that you have a clear
objective.
Architechtural Design
Structural Design
Electrical Design
Plumbing Design
Cost Estimates
Figure 2. Project Development Flow
As shown, the researcher generated a figure which shows
the flow of the development of the project. This includes the
architectural, structural, electrical, plumbing and mechanical
designs. Architectural design involves the concept in preliminary
design. Structural design is the methodical investigation of the
stability, strength and rigidity of structures. The basic objective in
structural analysis and design is to produce a structure that is
competent in resisting the applied loads without failure during its
intended life. Structural design requires knowledge of structural
and material behavior under different types of loading. Electrical
design encompasses all aspects of the electrical work. In addition
to electrical for the lighting, there may need to be areas for
appliances, electronics, and more. Plumbing design refers to any
system that allows the movement of fluids, typically involving
pipes, valves, and tanks. Mechanical design contains the
designing of sprinkler system of the building as well as the
security concerns. Cost estimate of the structure can be done after
having the flow of work. Cost estimate is the approximation of
cost of the project. The purpose of estimating costs is to provide
a size reference for cost control, to verify that the resources
consumed during the execution of the project are kept in the costs
assessed in feasibility phase of the project. [13]
Project Implementation
The study covers the complete ways to successfully
design an annex building using concrete framing system that is
widely used nowadays in the construction industry. It focuses on
the analysis and safety requirements of the structure that faces a
natural problem which is situated lakeside.

Notice to Proceed
Field Investigation & Data Gathering
Compilation of requirements for hotel construction
Design & Analysis of structure and other building
requirements
Preparation of Cost Estimates
Final Project Design
Figure 3. Project Implementation Flow
Figure 4 shows the flow of implementation of the study
in line with engineering practices. A Notice to Proceed issued by
the Local Government Unit of Mainit is released by the municipal
mayor in order for the researchers to formally proceed in the next
step of the study. With the help of the co-author, researchers
discuss with the municipal mayor what is the coverage of the
study and it is performed. It is necessary to provide a notice to
proceed because it serves as an existing document that will greatly
help the researchers to gather data correctly.
Next is the field investigation and data gathering. With
the notice to proceed document, researchers present this to the
hotel staff to prove to them that the conduct of the study in their
area is already approved by the municipal mayor. Researchers
investigates the existing main building which was constructed
over 10 years ago. It helps the researchers to understand how
should be the annex building behaves when placed lakeside. It is
also important to inquisitively study how the soil lakeside behaves
when subjected to a huge load. Data gathering is also possible
with the help of engineering personnel of the municipality. The
municipal engineer and architect provide information about the
existing building from what are the materials used down to the
what were the natural phenomenon faced by the existing main
building. They also provide technical information that are relevant
to the design and analysis of the annex building.
Next, the compilation of the requirements for the
construction of a hotel. This refers to the local requirements for
the construction. With the help of engineering personnel of the
municipality, researchers know what are the local requirements
the municipal mayor imposed. The lot area is 1104 sq m that is
still part of the Kasili Lakeside Resort and Hotel compound. The
area is currently a lawn tennis court. The municipal mayor wants
the annex building to be composed of a convention hall that is
almost the size with the existing convention hall. The annex
building must have at least 24 guest rooms that varies from guests’
comforts. On roof deck, a lawn tennis court must be present and
also an over-hanged pool.
Then, the design and analysis of the structure. Plans and
other specifications must be done first. With the aid of software,
researchers will be able to fast-tracked the plans and
specifications to be able to meet the required schedule for the
study to be finished. When the analysis part is performed, civil
engineering softwares are also helpful to increase the level of
accuracy of the analysis. Researchers can also use manual
computations if needed to support the other computations.
Researchers also need to consult with National Building Code and
National Structural Code of the Philippines in order to know if the
design and analysis are still allowed in terms of the requirements.
Preparation of cost estimates is very relevant. The LGU-
Mainit already allocated 30 million for the construction of the
annex building by later 2019 or at the first quarter of 2020. The
estimate of the construction is important to evaluate if the
allocated budget is sufficient enough for the construction. It
covers all the monetary matters and also significance for the
mayor to know the breakdown of the budget.
After all of that, the final project design. This serves as
the finalization of the study. The complete plans and
specifications, the structure profile, cost estimates, and other
matters for the preparation for the construction if approved by the
LGU-Mainit.
Project Setting
The project is situated at Rizal St., Barangay Quezon,
Mainit, Surigao del Norte. The existing lawn tennis court of the
said hotel will be demolished and be extended and that will serve
as a lot having an area of 1104 sq. m. The soon-to-rise structure is
surrounded with various existing projects and is really located at
the side of the 4th largest lake of the Philippines, which is the Lake
Mainit.
On This Site
Figure 4. Location Map
Participants of the Study
The participants involved in the study are: researchers,
civil engineers for corrections and suggestions of the study, the
LGU-Mainit for the support on data gathering and field
investigation. With the supporting documents signed and
approved by the municipal engineer and noted by the municipal
mayor, the study will be realized.
Instrumentation
In this study, the researchers used different computer
aided software as an instrument to more easy and fast realization
of the study.
Drafting Software, used to draw two- and three-
dimensional drawing and models that can be so functional in
design. It allows the draftsman or the designer to draw lines and
figures more easily in time bounded projects. This software plays
an important role in the study for this will be the aid in making
plans for the structure. Specifications also will be present here.
Graphic Software, a visualization software that turns
three-dimensional model into image and videos with great visual
effects. This software gives more emphasis and life to the
architectural design of the study. This software can bring the level
of reality a step-higher with its animations. This will be helpful to
the researchers when presenting the whole designed structure.
Structural Design Software, a helpful engineering
software used to analyze, model and design structure easier. With
a steel-framing system, a lengthy computation will be evident
when using a manual computation, with this software, researchers
will have a more accurate and time-saving computations that is
also widely used in today’s constructions.
Microsoft Office, which includes the Microsoft Excel,
Microsoft Word and Microsoft Project, a convenient software in
fulfilling this study. It helps the researcher to make reports,
Construction estimates, PERT-CPM and others faster and easier.
This contributes for a faster input of the study papers and in case
of MS Project, it helps the researchers to estimate and provide a
break-down of the entire cost for the construction of the structure,
it also provides the scheduling of the works that will serve as a
basis to track the construction if its ahead of the schedule or late.
Ethical Consideration
The respondents voluntarily answered and not forced by
the researchers, moreover, respondents have rights to withdraw
from the study at any stage of the interview if they wish to do so.
Respondents participated on the basis of informed
consent which involves researchers providing sufficient
information and assurances about taking part to allow individuals
to understand the implications of participation and to reach a fully
informed, considered and freely given decision without the
exercise of any pressure or coercion. The researchers avoid using
offensive, discriminatory, or other unacceptable language when
interacting during data gathering. They also insure that the privacy
and anonymity of the participants are paramount important. The
researchers declare this study to be environmentally friendly and
didn’t violate laws. They also give acknowledgement to the work
of other author to be able to give credits.
Data Collection Procedures
By the time the co-author suggested the possible setting
and study, researchers proceed to the LGU-Mainit Office for the
confirmation and formally give the letter. The municipal mayor
releases the permission to conduct the study and then guides the
researchers to the study setting and give certain instructions for
the benefit of the study.
The staff of the Mainit Lakeside Resort and Hotel takes
charge for the timely issues about the existing building which
contributes to the data needed for the realization of the steel-
framing annex building. The municipal engineer also adds
information of how the main building was built for the
researchers’ bases to design the annex building and points out
specific local requirements for the annex building.
Then, researchers collaborate with the co-author to refer
to National Building Code and National Structural Code of the
Philippines if the local requirements that the LGU-Mainit wanted
is possible enough to realize.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
3.1 STRUCTURAL AND AESTHETICAL
REQUIREMENTS
The researchers analyze a structure based on the aesthetical
and structural requirements of the LGU. The Local Government
Unit of Mainit imposed that they want a modern design that are
rapidly trending nowadays and can also contend with high-end
hotels even with its main building are constructed with a natural
and common design. The researchers achieved the stated wants of
the LGU like a tennis court that can be located at the roof deck,
verandas with every room that are located at the side of the
building that are overlooking the whole area which is also
adjacent to the one of the famous lakes of the Philippines. With a
lot area of 1104 sq m, researchers are able to meet space
requirements and occupancies that the LGU necessitated. A
conference hall also is present and can be checked on the plans
and specifications, another thing is the café area and the kitchen.
The LGU wanted that the kitchen should be near the conference
hall for the reason that when there will be events to be held at the
conference hall, it would be convenient for the personnel to cater
the foods that are intended for the visitors. The researchers were
also considering the sunset in analyzing the aesthetical design.
Since the façade part of the proposed structure is facing where the
sun sets, any barricade or blinds were considered for the windows
of the room’s visitors for him not to be comprise while sleeping
or anything. Researchers were deliberating with the aesthetics not
just in the outer area but also considering every room’s designs.
With the aid of graphic software, the above picture is the
perspective view designed by the researchers with the
requirements of the LGU. It is visible that it is aesthetically
modernized and can truly compete with other hotels.
Figure 5. Perspective View
3.2 DESIGN CRITERIA
Table 1. Properties and Data
Table 1 shows the properties and data applied in the whole
members of the structure including the wind load data, seismic
load data, dead load and live load acting towards the structure.
Table 1. Design Data
PROPERTIES AND DATAS: Deadload (DL) = 3.88 kN/m
1.0 Unit Wt. of Concrete = 23.54 Kn/m3 Liveload (LL) = 2.40 kN/m
2.0 Unit Wt. of Steel = 7850 Kg/m3 Wu = 1.4DL + 1.2LL [3]
3.0 Siesmic Parameters: Wu = 9.52 kN/m
UBC 97 / NSCP2015 m = 0.63 (Use table for Moment Coefficient)
Zone = 4
Siesmic Source Type =E For short span
Importance factor ( I ) = 1.0 ( Standard Occupancy ) C= 0.0505 (midspan)
R = 8.5 ( Special Moment Frame ) C= 0.0338 (discontinuous)
Structure is located7.5 km from seismic source
C= 0.0781(continuous)
Ct = 0.0731
4.0 Wind Parameters:
Wind (ASCE 7 - 10 / NSCP 2015 )
For Long span
Wind Velocity =310 kph C= 0.031 (midspan)
Importance factor ( I ) = 1.0 ( Standard Occupancy ) C=0.021(discontinuous)
Exposure D C= 0.0410(continuous)
5.0 Selfweight
6.0 Member Load Calculating for the moments:
150mm CHB = 3.11 kn per meter height Along Short Span
100mm CHB = 2.98 kn per meter height +MU = CWU S 2 = 12.20 kN/m
Floor Load Floors Roof Units −MU = CWU S 2 = 8.40 kN/m
115 mm Slab 2.76 - kpa −MU = CWU S 2 = 18.50 kN/m
Floor Finish 1.10 - kpa
Ceiling 0.10 0.10 kpa
Calculating for the moments:
MEP 0.10 0.10 kpa
Interior Partition 1.00 - kpa
Along Long Span
Total = 5.06 0.20 +MU = CWU S 2 = 7.38 kN/m
Live Load 4.8 0 kpa −MU = CWU S 2 = 5.00 kN/m
2.4 kpa −MU = CWU S 2 = 9.76 kN/m
1.4
Design of Slab Pmin = [4]
𝑓𝑦
Table 2 shows the design criteria needed in designing a Pmin = 0.005
slab member of the structure including the compressive strength Pmax = 0.282
of the concrete and the tensile strength of the steel. As shown in
the table the steel grade used in designing is grade 40 having a Table 3 shows the steel requirement of the two-way slab
tensile strength of 276 MPa. being designed including the designation of the bars referring to
center and outer strip.
Table 2. Design Data for Slab
DESIGN DATA: pmin = Table 3. Steel Requirement for Slab
fc' = 21.00 mpa 8011840 Short span: w p As bar Ø Spacing thick
fy = 276.00 mpa 190752 Center strip: mm2 mm mm mm
a) Bottom bars: 0.034 0.0051 705.07 12 160 165.00
S= 5.00 m 50400
b) Top bars: 0.053 0.0051 705.07 12 160
L= 8.00 m 18.583 Outer Strip:
b= 350.00 mm ( width of beam ) a) Bottom bars: - - - - 240
d= 600.00 mm ( thickness of beam ) b) Top bars: - - - - 240
Long span:
h= 165.00 mm ( thickness of slab )
Center strip:
Bar dimeter = 12.00 mm Ø a) Bottom bars: 0.021 0.005 705.07 12 160 165.00
LL = 2.40 kpa 240.00 b)Top bars: 0.027 0.005 705.07 12 160
Outer Strip:
Computation a) Bottom bars: - - - - 240
Trial: b) Top bars: - - - - 240
0.73
L(800+ fy )
h= + 5000[am − 0.12 (1 + b)] [1]
3600
There are different steel requirements in different slab
h = 42.00 mm (NSCP Equation 9 − 11)
0.73 depending on their long and short spans by following the
L(800+ fy )
h= + 9000b [2] computation process above, the required steel area with its
3600
maximum spacing of the rest slabs was determined.
h = 158.97 mm (NSCP Equation 9 − 12)
Design of Beams researcher considered the weakest soil pressure for the safest
Table 4. Design Data for Beams footing of the structure which is 90 kPa.
Beam Data
fc' 21 MPa Table 6. Design Data for Footing
Design Data:
fy 414 MPa
PLONG= 45.20 kN
L 8m
PSHORT= 678.31 kN
Moment 113.26 kN.m
q= 90 kPa
Beam Name RG-1
fc’= 21 MPa
Dimension 500X350mm
fy= 414 MPa
Tension Bars
b= 500 mm
at Left Support 2-16mm dia
d= 500 mm
at midspan 2-16mm dia
at Right support 4-16mm dia Computation
Tension Bars Assume wt. of footing to be 8% of column load:
at Left Support 3-16mm dia Wt = 3.62 kN
at midspan 3-16mm dia Total load = 723.51 kN
TL
at Right support 2-16mm dia Required Area = [5]
Soil Pressure
Stirrups 220mm OC Required Area = 5.19 m2
Required Length of each Span = 2.28 m say 2.50 m
Table 4 shows the design data used for designing the Net Ultimate Upward Pressure = 115.76 kPa
Beam the beam specified above is RG-1 alone, the rest result of Actual Soil Pressure = 74.68kPa < 90kPa (okay)
the beam design is stipulated in the appendices in schedule of
beams. The moment shown above is the result came from the To ensure that the section is safe, punching shear and beam shear
structural analysis software used. must be considered.
Allowable Punching Shear
1 1
2
Design of Columns (1+ )fc2 fc3
The design data used for designing the columns of the vc = ac > [6]
6 3
structure is shown in the table below. As shown in the Table 5, vc = 2.29 MPa > 1.53 MPa
the compressive strength of the concrete used is 21 MPa and a Use vc = 1.53MPa
tensile strength of 414 MPa for the steel. Pu is the total axial force
carried by the column. The column specified below is column C24
the rest of the result is attached on plans. This is the result data By Punching Shear
given by a structural analysis software. 𝑉
vn = 𝑈 [7]
∅𝑏𝑑
Table 5. Design Data for Columns Try depth = 350mm
Vu =658.39 kN
Design Data
Ap =1.05m2
fc’ 21 MPa
fy 414 MPa vn =0.63 MPa < 1.53 MPa (safe)
Column Name C24 By bending: (Steel requirements)
L 8m Mu = ∅bd2 fc′w(1 − 0.59w) [8]
Pu 52.76 kN Mu = 159.30 kN. m
Dimension 500x500 mm pfy
W= [9]
Bar diameter 16mm fc′
No. of bars 8 W = 0.027
Lateral Ties 320mm O.C p = 0.0014
1.4
Pmin = = 0.0038 > 0.0014
𝑓𝑦
Design of Footing Use Pmin
Table 6 shows the design criteria used in designing the AS = Pmin bd = 2958.34 mm2
footing of the structure. Where Plong and Pshort were the factored
load acting axially in the footing. The compressive strength of the Using 25mm diameter, the number of steel bars for the
concrete used was 21 MPa and the steel grade used is grade 60 column is 6pcs both ways with a dimension of
having a tensile strength of 414 MPa. 2.5mx2.5mx0.350m depth.
The q is the allowable soil pressure subjected upward to This process of designing of the footing is used in all
the footing. Considering the history of the location of the annex footing, the researcher individually designs the footing for more
building which is an embankment area or a backfill area the economical and safe structure. There are different results of
design in every member, see the whole plans of the annex building In architectural, floor plans, to be specific, in every floor
for the results of the design. were verified and checked. Persons with Disability (PWD)
services were also checked like a comfort room that are intended
Table 7. Cost Estimate for PWD, and also a ramp that were allocated to them. Different
ESTIMATED CONTRACT COST divisions of the whole area can also be seen in the floor plans.
AMOUNT Another present in architectural is the different elevation views of
A. GENERAL EXPENSES (Php) the structure, it is most likely the way that the structure can be
1. Mobilization/Demobilization 1,800,540.40 pictured out. Details were also present in the architectural – details
that can be useful for the construction.
2. Provide Safety and Health Program 726,002.80 Structural covers the design of structural members of the
SUBTOTAL 2,526,543.20 structure. You will see in the attached plans and specifications the
B. ESTIMATED DIRECT COST schedule of beams, slabs, columns, and footings used with their
1. Materials 18,005,404.00 reinforcements. It is clearly showed by the researchers all
2. Labor 7,260,028.00 different beam, slabs, columns, and footing sections in every part
3. Equipment 2,526,543.20 of the structure.
Plumbing, electrical, and mechanical works plans and
SUBTOTAL 27,791,975.20
specifications are also present for the completion of the study. It
C. INDIRECT COST presents general notes that can be useful during the construction
1. Overhead, Contingency & and they also contain significant information for the realization of
Miscellaneous 5,558,395.04 the study.
2. Profit 2,779,197.52
SUBTOTAL 8,337,592.56 4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
D. VAT Conclusion
12% of (A+B+C) 4,638,733.32 1. The researchers were able to meet the aesthetics requirements
which is to be modern and can compete with various hotels in
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST 43,294,844.28 terms of aesthetical ideas. With the help of graphic software,
the proposed structure is pictured out and animated with a
complete detail according to plans and specifications.
Table 7 shows the total estimated cost of the whole
2. Researchers were able to design the different dimensions of
project. It is important to consider the mobilization and
beams, column, footings, and thickness of slab needed for the
demobilization because the location of the project is quite far from
structure. Considering the design criteria that are needed for
the city proper, it should be considered for a more accurate
the design that depends on the location and the situation at the
estimate. The safety and health program for all personnel of the
exact area. The researchers were able to maximize the data
construction also is included for it will serve as a support service
given by the LGU like the previous records they had when
for the benefit of all.
constructing the existing buildings.
With the materials comprising the biggest part, the labor
3. The researchers were able to meet the corresponding
cost follows. Equipment also should be contemplated because it
requirements and professionals were able to evaluate the every
will surely fast-track the project when highly modernized
work that needs enforced by the National Building Code and
equipment be used during the construction.
National Structural Code of the Philippines.
Contingencies, overhead, and miscellaneous also should
be present to aid other expenses such as processing of legal
Recommendations
documents before, during, and after the construction. It is also the
1. The researchers were not able to attain the desired number of
source if lacking of materials or additional materials are
rooms as required by the LGU because of the lacking of the
considered.
lot area. The extension of the allocated area is recommended
to be able to meet the number rooms.
3.3 NBC AND NSCP REQUIREMENTS
Table 8. Professional Evaluation 2. The researchers recommended to compare manual
Item Approved Revised computation with software computations because researchers
Architectural ✓ failed to equate whether if there are any differences with the
computations.
Structural ✓
Plumbing ✓
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Electrical ✓
The researchers would like to extend their heartfelt
Mechanical ✓ gratitude to the people who are behind in this study. First, to our
Almighty Father, who really empowered the researchers to be the
The above table shows the evaluation of professionals best versions of themselves and keeping them safe all the time.
for all item works that cover the whole study. It verifies that the To the CEIT Faculty and Staff for keeping the door
researchers were able to meet the requirements tallied by the always open whenever the researchers ran into trouble spot or had
National Building Code and National Structural Code of the questions about this study.
Philippines. It implies that the completion of the study is hereby
declared and approved and ready for construction.
 The researchers would like to thank also the Local [6] P.Zhang. Advanced Cementitious Building Materials with
Government Unit of Mainit for allowing the researchers to Applications in Civil Engineering. (11 July 2017). [Online].
conduct the study and provide necessary needs for its realization. Viewed: 2018 October 28
To the parents of the researchers for providing them with [7] V.K.R.Kodur. (July 1999). Performance-based Resistance
Design of Concrete-filled Steel Columns [Online] Viewed
unfailing support and continuous encouragement throughout the 2018 October 28 Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-
whole study. 974X(99)00003-6
This accomplishment will not be possible without the [8] SK.Duggal.(2000). Design of Steel Structures. (2nd ed)
people mentioned above. Thank you. [Online].
Available: https://books.google.com.ph/
6. REFERENCES [9] A review about the concept of Metamorphical Aspects of
[1] Sustainable Structural Design (October 2012). [Online]. annex buildings. (20 July 2018). [Online]. Viewed 2018
Viewed 2018 October 28 Available: October 28.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication [10] National Building Code of the Philippines. (19 February
[2] Analysis and Design of Three Storey Framed Building. 1977)
(May 2012). [Online]. Viewed 2018 October 28 Available: [11] M.R. Patel. (May 2017). International Journal of
https://www.researchgate.net Engineering Sciences & Research Technology. [Online].
[3] A Modal Pushover Analysis Procedure to Estimate Seismic Viewed 2018 October 28.
Demands for Unsymmetrical-plan Buildings. (15 April [12] D.Adlestein. (2015, July) Providing analysis on Florida case
2004). [Online]. Viewed 2018 October 26. law affecting the construction industry. [Online]. Viewed
Available: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com 2018 October 27. Available:
[4] Theory and Design of Seismic Resistant Steel Frame http://www.floridaconstructionlegalupdates.com
(Undated). [Online]. Viewed 2018 October 26. [13] The Role of Estimation of Construction Life Cycle.
[5] Stability Design of Steel Frames (Undated). [Online]. (February 2010) [Online]. Viewed 2018 October 28.
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