B-tech Mechanical

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my sincere thanks to, Miss. Unnati shah

for her guidance, encouragement and support at every moment
of the Dissertation work. I am grateful to Mr. Chirag sir,
Mechanical Department, of ITM Vocational University for
extending his support and providing me with requisite
infrastructure & laboratory for my work. Would also like to
thank my colleagues and friend for the things that they have
taught me. My greatest thanks are to the almighty god & one
who wished me success especially my parents.

Devika Suresh
Padwal
KharvaTejaskumar
.M.
Darpit Patel.
P.

ITM vocational university

 B-tech Mechanical

3D Printing and its Application

Submitted By
1 .Devika Suresh Padwal.
2. Kharva Tejaskumar Mukeshbhai
3. Darpit Patel.P.
Supervised By
Prof. Unnati Shah
Assistant Professor, Mechanical Department
Abstract
Printing is a process for reproducing text and images, typically
with ink on paper using a print press.3D printing is method of
converting a virtual 3D model into a physical object from a digital
file. It is achieved using Additive Process, where an object is
created by laying down successive layers of material until the
entire object is created.3D printing could revolutionize and
reshape the world. Advances in3D printing technology can
significantly change and improve the manufacturing world with
effects on energy use waste reduction, customization, product
availability, medicine, art, construction and science. By using this
technology it becomes easier to transmit designs for new objects
around the world.

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 B-tech Mechanical

Table of content
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 3D Printing

1.2 History of 3D Printing Technology

1.3 Methods of 3D Printing

1.4 3D Printing Capability

1.5 Advantage

1.6 Application of 3D Printing

CHAPTER 2

Literature Review

Objective

Work plan

Material required

Design of 3d printer

Fig 1.1

Fig 1.2

Fig 1.3

CHAPTER 3

Software used for 3d printer

3d design of the 3d printer

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 B-tech Mechanical

Chapter 1
Introduction
1.13D Printing
3D printing is a form of additive manufacturing technology
where a three dimensional object is created by laying down
successive layers of material. It is also known as rapid
prototyping, is a mechanized method whereby 3D objects are
quickly made on a reasonably sized machine connected to a
computer containing blueprints for the object. The 3D printing
concept of custom manufacturing is exciting to nearly everyone.
This revolutionary method for creating 3D models with the use of
inkjet technology saves time and cost by eliminating the need to
design; print and glue together separate model parts. Now, you
can create a complete model in a single process using 3D
printing. The basic principles include materials cartridges,
flexibility of output, and translation of code into a visible
pattern.
3D Printers are machines that produce physical 3D models from
digital data by printing layer by layer. It can make physical
models of objects either designed with a CAD program or
scanned with a 3D Scanner. It is used in a variety of industries
including jewelry, footwear, industrial design, architecture,
engineering and construction, automotive, aerospace, dental and
medical industries, education and consumer products.

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1.2 History of 3d Printing

 The technology for printing physical 3D objects from digital
data was first developed by Charles Hull in 1984. He
named the technique as Stereo lithography and obtained a
patent for the technique in 1986.
 While Stereo lithography systems had become popular by
the end of 1980s, other similar technologies such as Fused
Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Selective Laser Sintering
(SLS) were introduced.
 In 1993, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
patented another technology, named "3 Dimensional
Printing techniques", which is similar to the inkjet technology
used in 2D Printers.
 In 1996, three major products, "Genisys" from Stratasys,
"Actua 2100" from 3D Systems and "Z402" from Z
Corporation, were introduced.
 In 2005, Z Corp. launched a breakthrough product, named
Spectrum Z510, which was the first high definition color 3D
Printer in the market.
Another breakthrough in 3D Printing occurred in 2006 with the
initiation of an open source project, named Reprap, which was
aimed at developing a self-replicating 3D printer.
The model to be manufactured is built up a layer at a time. A
layer of powder is automatically deposited in the model tray.
The print head then applies resin in the shape of the model. The
layer dries solid almost immediately. The model tray then moves

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 B-tech Mechanical

down the distance of a layer and another layer of power is

deposited in position, in the model tray. The print head again
applies resin in the shape of the model, binding it to the first
layer. This sequence occurs one layer at a time until the model is
complete.
1.3 Current 3D Printing Technologies
1) Stereo lithography- Stereo lithographic 3D printers (known as
SLAs or stereo lithography apparatus) position a perforated
platform just below the surface of a vat of liquid photo curable
polymer. A UV laser beam then traces the first slice of an object
on the surface of this liquid, causing a very thin layer of
photopolymer to harden. The perforated platform is then
lowered very slightly and another slice is traced out and
hardened by the laser. Another slice is then created, and then
another, until a complete object has been printed and can be
removed from the vat of photopolymer, drained of excess liquid,
and cured.
2) Fused deposition modeling- Here a hot thermoplastic is
extruded from a temperature-controlled print head to produce
fairly robust objects to a high degree of accuracy.
3) Selective laser sintering (SLS) - This builds objects by using a
laser to selectively fuse together successive layers of a cocktail
of powdered wax, ceramic, metal, nylon or one of a range of
other materials.

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 B-tech Mechanical

4) Multi-jet modeling (MJM)- This again builds up objects from

successive layers of powder, with an inkjet-like print head used
to spray on a binder solution that glues only the required
granules together.
1.4 3D Printing Capabilities:
As anticipated, this modern technology has smoothed the path for
numerous new possibilities in various fields. The list below details
the advantages of3D printing in certain fields.
1. Product formation is currently the main use of 3D printing
technology. These machines allow designers and engineers to test
out ideas for dimensional products cheaply before committing to
expensive tooling and manufacturing processes.
2. In Medical Field, Surgeons are using 3d printing machines to
print body parts for reference before complex surgeries. Other
machines are used to construct bone grafts for patients who have
suffered traumatic injuries. Looking further in the future, research
is underway as scientists are working on creating replacement
organs.
3. Architects need to create mockups of their designs. 3D printing
allows them to come up with these mockups in a short period of
time and with a higher degree of accuracy.
4. 3D printing allows artists to create objects that would be
incredibly difficult, costly, or time intensive using traditional
processes.

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 B-tech Mechanical

1.5 Advantage of 3D Printing

1. Creating complete models in a single process using 3D printing
has great benefits.
2. This innovative technology has been proven to save companies
time, manpower and money. Companies providing 3D printing
solutions have brought to life an efficient and competent
technological product.
1.6 Application of 3D Printing

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 3D Printing And its Application
Author: 1SiddharthBhandari, 2B Regina
Publication: International Journal of Computer Science and
Information Technology Research.

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Conclusion: This is a research paper on 3D printing and

advantages of 3D printing as compared to conventional methods
of manufacturing. We shall observe the numerous applications it
is being out to use today. Finally the future potential of this
technology is outlined
2.2 3D Printing: The Dawn of a New Era in Manufacturing
Author: G. Harsha Vardhan1, G. Hari Charan2, P. V. Subba
Reddy3, K. Sampath Kumar4
Publication: International Journal on Recent and Innovation
Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 2 Issue: 8
Conclusion: 3D Printing technology could revolutionize and re-
shape the world. Advances in 3D printing technology can
significantly change and improve the way we manufacture
products and produce goods worldwide. It has a lot of possible
benefits to the society and there will be a significant decrease in
the product development cycle and costs.
2.3 The Impact of 3D Printing Technology on the Society and
Economy
Author: AlexandruPîrjan, 1Dana-Mihaela Petroşanu2
Publication:
Conclusion: technology on the society and economy. One can
conclude that the 3-D printing technology’s importance and social

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 B-tech Mechanical

impact increase gradually day after day and significantly

influence the human’s life, the economy and modern society.
2.4 3D Printing and the Intellectual Property System
Author: StefanBechtold*
Publication: Economic Research Working Paper No. 2
Conclusion: This report investigates, from the perspective of an
intellectual property scholar, how 3D printing technology has
developed over the last few decades, how intellectual property
rights have shaped this breakthrough innovation and how 3D
printing technologies could challenge the intellectual property
rights system in the future.

Objective
3D printing has a vast future scope. It is still a developing field.
Be it a basic 3d printer or a versatile bio printer, there is a long
journey ahead.
The objective of 3D Printer

 To know more about this innovation.

 Introduce to the public.
 Discover the benefits.
 Discover the views of the public.

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 B-tech Mechanical

Work Table

Month Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17

Counselling Literature
collection √ √ √ √ √

Literature
Review √ √ √ √ √

Finalizing
The Topic √ √ √

Reporting
√ √ √ √ √

Writing
Dissertation √ √ √ √ √

Month DEC-17 JAN-18 FEB-18 MAR-18 APR-18

Counselling
Literature √ √ √ √ √
collection

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 B-tech Mechanical

Literature
Review √ √ √ √ √

Finalizing
The Topic √ √ √ √ √

Reporting √ √ √ √ √

Writing
Dissertation √ √ √ √ √

Design √ √ √ √

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 B-tech Mechanical

May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov-

Month 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Dimension √ √ √ √ √ √ √

2d Design √ √ √ √ √

3d Design √ √ √

Software √ √ √ √
section

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 B-tech Mechanical

Material Required
Material Cost Material Cost

NAMA17 Stepper Motor 860/- M5 Threaded 182/-

Rod

Power Supply - LM800 300/-

Bearing

End Stops 399/- 6mm Smooth 395/-

Rod

E3D Hot end 795/- 4mm Glass 38/square inch

GT2 Pulley ,Belt 540/- 2X15 inch 140/kg

Aluminum
Channel

Couplers 40/- MK8 Extruder 2600/-

Total 2634/- Total 3655/-

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CAD Design
1) Front view

2) Top view

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3) Side view

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CHAPTER 3
Software used for 3d printer
There are many software’s available for the 3d printing.
Cura is an open source 3D printer slicing application. It was created by David
Braam who was later employed by Ultimaker, a 3D printer manufacturing company, to
maintain the software. Cura is available under LGPLv3 license. Cura was initially
released under the open source Offers General Public License version 3, but on 28
September 2017 the license was changed to LGPLv3.This change allowed for more
integration with third-party CAD applications.]Development is hosted
on GitHub.Ultimaker Cura is used by over one million users worldwide and it is the
preferred 3D printing software for Ultimaker 3D printers, but it can be used with other
printers as well.
Technical Specification of the software
Ultimaker Cura works by slicing the user’s model file into layers and generating a
printer-specific g-code. Once finished, the g-code can be sent to the printer for the
manufacturing the physical object.
The open source software is compatible with most desktop 3D printers can work with
files in the most common 3D formats such as STL, OBJ, X3D, 3MF as well as image file
formats such as BMP, GIF, JPG, and PNG.

3d design of the 3D printer

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 B-tech Mechanical

ITM vocational university