RAJA RAO

BORN IN 1908- DIED IN 2006

INDIAN WRITER =KARNADAKA

NOVEL, SHORT STORY, ESSAY- 1938-1998

SAHITYA ACADEMY AWARD 1964 , PADMA BHUSHAN 1969, PADMA VIBHUSAN 2007, NAUSTADT
INTERNATIONAL PRIZE FOR LIT.1988

HIS WORKS ARE DEEPLY ROOTED IN METAPHYSICS (PHILOSOPHY) BETWEEN MIND AND MATTER ETC.

The absence of a mother and orphan hood are basic themes of his work.

His works:

KANTHAPURA

First novel 1938

Theme: GANDHIAN THOUGHT

STORY OF A SOUTH INDIAN VILLAGE NAMED KANTHAPURA.

THE NOVEL IS NARRATED BY A OLD WOMAN ACHAKKA

THE VILLAGE IS PROTECTED BY LORD DEITY KENCHEMMA.

River name is hemavathy.

CHRARCTERS

MOORTHY the protagonist full of gandhian thought and philosophy

Narasamma his mother dies for depression bze moorthy excommunicate for uniting the lower caste
people with high caste.

RANGAMMA educated widow, active in india independence movement

BADEKHAN policeman

Three day fasting

Three months in prison

The novel ends with moorthy return from prison and the village people are united without casteless and
they are looking to the future for independence so they are fighting for that.

THE SERPENT AND THE ROPE

Published in 1960
The serpent refers to illusion and the rope refers to reality.

Semi autobiographical novel

The protagonist RAMASWAMY thoughts are influenced by VEDANTIC PHILOSOPHY and ADI SHANKARA’S
NON-DUALISM

Won SAHITYA ACADEMY AWARD IN 1964

CHARACTERS

RAMASWAMY affected by tubercular lungs that means kasanoi

MADELEINE his wife in france

SAVITHRI falls in love with rama but she is betrothed with rama’s friend but does not love him and not
wish to marry him.

The novel ends with rama’s return from france to trivangore for seeking out his Guru.

This novel deals with raja rao’s spiritual and philosophical ideas and the protagonist rama’s failed
marriage.

THE CAT AND SHAKESPEARE

Teasing fable of two friends Govindhan nair and rama Krishna pai narrator of the story

Metaphysical comedy or ontological comedy

Nair refers to reality extreme knowledge like Shakespeare but pai narrator, lives in fantasy like cat

Raja rao gives importance to the women like savitri in the serpent and the rope and in shantha in the
cat and Shakespeare – the cat is the metaphysical equivalent to the divine sacredness to women.

COMRADE KRILLOV 1976

KRILLOV eastern man but western mind

THE CHESS MASTER AND HIS MOVES 1988

AMBITIOUS NOVEL

KAMALA MARKANDAYA

BORN IN 1924-2004
INDIAN WRITER – MYSORE

BUT SHE LABELED HERSELF AS AN INDIAN EXPATRIATE

RURAL AND INDIAN URBAN SOCIETIES

NECTAR IN A SIEVE

FIRST NOVEL 1955

SEMI AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL

TITLE IS TAKEN FROM S T COLERIDGE POEM WORK WITHOUT HOPE

First person narrative RUKMANI narrated the story

CHARACTERS

RUKMANI his wife

NATHAN tenant farmer

IRAWADDY his daughter, barren, gave birth a albino boy

SELVAM his son, works as a assistant in dr.kenny’s hospital

MURUGAN his son lives in city

KUTI his son dies of starvation

Dr. KENNY doctor

PULI adopted boy

KUNTHI illcit wife of Nathan

SOME INNER FURY

STORY OF MIRABAI PARTLY WESTERNISED HINDU FAMILY

KIT HIS WIFE PREMELA

RICHARD

GOVIND
KHUSHVANT SINGH

1915-2014

BORN IN PUNJAB

INDIAN WRITER, LAWYER, DIPLOMAT,JOURNALIST POLITICIAN

Joined in IFS

MEMBER OF RAJYA SABHA

HE RETURNED THE PADMABHUSHAN AWARD FOR PROTESTING AGAINST THE OPERATION BLUE STAR IN
1974

IN 2007 PADMA VIBHUSHAN

He had written his own obituary

20/04/2019

BEN JONSON

A TALE OF A TUB

CAROLINE ERA STAGE PLAY, COMEDY

FIRST PERFORMED IN 1633

THE PLAY WAS LICENSED BY SIR HENRY HERBERT AND PERFORMED QUEEN HENRITTA’S MEN

PRIMARY FOCUS OF INTEREST IN THE PLAY IS TO RIDICULE INIGO JONES

THE PLOT UNFOLDS ST.VALENTINE’S DAY

AUDREY TURFE, THE DAUGHTER OF A MIDDLESEX CONSTABLE

THE FOUR SUITORS ARE READY TO MARRY (JOHN CLAY, THE TILEMAKER AND SQUIRE TUB, A ROMANTIC
RIVAL AND CONSTABLE TURFE AND JUSTICE PREAMBLE) SHE HESITATES SQUIRE TUB TO MARRY

BUT SHE HAS NO PERSONAL PREFERENCE AMONG THEM

THEN PAL MORTON, A TUB’S USHER MARRIES AUDREY AND THE MARRIAGE IS CELEBRATED BY THE
WEDDING MASQUE a tale of a tub

BORROWS ELEMENTS FROM CLASSICAL PLAYS ARISTOPHENES AND PLAUTUS.

THE ISLE OF DOGS

COMEDY BY THOMAS NASHE AND BEN JONSON

PERFORMED IN 1597

IMMEDIATELY SUPPRESSED BZE IT SATIRESES FULL OF SEDITIOUS AND SLANDEROUS MATTER AND THE
QUEEN HERSELF WAS SATIRISED ( QUEEN’S COUNSELLORS AS LAPDOGS)

THREE OF THE PLAYERS WERE ARRESTED AND SET TO MARSHALSEA PRISON (GABRIEL SPENSCER,
ROBERT SHAA, BEN JONSON) BUT NASHE ESCAPED TO GREAT YARMOUTH.

THE CASE IS ALTERED

COMEDY, PERFORMED IN 1609

THE PLAY PRESENTS A RANGE OF PROBLEMS FOR SCHOLARS

THE PLAY’S TITLE WAS USED BY THE JURIST EDMUND PLOWDEN.

THE PLAY WAS ACTED BY THE CHILDREN OF THE BLACKFRIARS.

ACT I SATIRISES ANTONIO BALLADINO.

EVERY MAN IN HIS HUMOUR

COMEDY OF HUMOURS IN 1598

PERFORMED IN LORD CHAMBERLAIN’S MEN

KNOWELL IS COMPARED TO ADAM AS U LIKE IT CHARACTER BY SHAKESPEARE

CHARACTERS

KNOWELL, THE OLD MAN

EDWARD KNOWELL, HIS SON

BRAINWORM, KNOWELL’S SPY FOR HIS SON

STEPHEN, KNOWELL’S COUSIN

MATHEW

COB

BOBADIL

DOWNRIGHT

KITELY

CLEMENT

EVERYMEN OUT OF HIS HUMOUR

SEQUEL TO IN HIS HUMOUR

SATIRICAL COMEDY

PERFORMED IN 1598 IN LORD CHAMPERLAIN’S HUMOUR

The characters Fastidious Brisk and Carlo Buffone in Every Man Out
GRAVEYARD POETS

THOMAS GRAY

OLIVER GOLDSMITH

WILLIAM COWPER

CHRISTOPHER SMART

Lake poets

William words worth

S t Coleridge

Robert Southey