CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter deals with background, problem statement, the objective of the

research, the significance of the research, and the scope of the research.

A. Background of Study

In learning English, there are four language skills that should be learn by the

students, they are: listening, speaking, reading and writing. All skills in English

are essential because all these skills relate to each other. This research will not

focus on the four skills, since it consumes a lot of times and needs continous

efforts. This research is only related to one skill, namely Speaking and choose one

part of the speaking, that is “Pronunciation”.

Pronunciation is a communication in English that is very difficult for students

to express when they want to express something because there is a difference

between spelling and pro nounce so that it affects the pronunciation for EFL

students. As known that sound and combination of sound are causing different

meaning (Djarjowidjodjo:2009) In another word, they must learn and comprehend

English well. However important to improve pronunciation, according to Harmer

(2000: 183)“made aware of pronunciation issues will be of immense benefit not

only to their own production but also to their own understanding of spoken

English”. To the beginner understand about English, they must using media to

learn. The example of media are newspaper, television, novel, book, etc. Movie is

the one of example of audivisional media. It is the most favorite media for

beginner to learn English. It is fun and enjoyble.

 Movie is one of the entertainment media which is interesting for all genertion.

It is contact with English-speaking culture. Movie is a useful means for students

to listen authentic spoken communication and be exposed to various features of

spoken communication such as vocabulary, pronunciation, voice modulation,

accent, speech pace,tone ect (Sherman, 2003 ; Webb,2010). It contain culture

element moral message, education lifestyle, politic and history. Movie also offer

English language teachers with a good opportunity to bring in local themes,

natural discourse, and culture information (Curtis,2007). Many people feel very

happy and fresh if they have been watch some movies. (Webster,2004-305) states

that movie have been progressing rapidly along with the existence of technology

development. A movie or motion picture is the only new visual art form created

in the 300 years.

One of the reasons why movie is choosen as the topic to be analysed in this

research, because most of people like watching movies, not only those who

live in big cities, but also those who live in small town. Nowadays, people

can watch movies shown anytime and anywhere, both in the movie theaters

and also shown in the TV programs. Not only by these two media, but lately

movies are also produced in compact disc (CD) and digital video disc (DVD)

that facilitate those viewers to be easier to enjoy their hobby. Watching

movies can be said as one of the most enjoyable activity in human daily life.

Moreover, movie is one of media that can be used by its producers to convey

their visions and missions to public. By producing movies, they want to

inform, educate, or just simply want to entertain people, and even just for arousing

business interest after all.

By watching movies, the audience can get more imagination in their mind

and get many values by catching the messages conveyed in the story. In

other hand, the movie is rich of values that can encourage the audiences not to

give up in facing any situation in their life. No wonder, in some websites this

movie is also received many good responds and good references from the

audiences as one of the best inspiring movies that also got a prestigious

Voice Award given by the Department of Health & Human Services.

The correlation between movies and moral values is if they watch movie that

have a good moral message usually they will also have a good attitude in daily

life. Of course if they watch movie that have bad moral they also will have bad

attitude in their daily life. (Liversidge, 2000) states that the attitude and

motivation are among the mot crucil factors in considering affective second

language acquisition. Each of movie of course have some values

conveyedor a lesson to belearned from story or event. Explicitly, in the

relation with the individual socialization process we must have a moral. Bacause,

without moral humam cannot do the socialization process. Actually a values

found in movie is one of the important things in making the movie. For the

viewers audiences, a value of the movie is one of the important things in choose

the movie that they watch. Values themselves are the guiding principles of life

that contribute to the all round development of an individual. They give a

direction to life and thus bring joy, satisfaction and peace. Values add quality to
life. Values give meaning and strength to an individual‘s character by occupying

a central place in his/her life.

In this research the researcher will get some values that found in movie are

moral value, educational value and sosial value. Moral is thing that related with

skill to decide right and wrong of behaviours accepted by citizen. Moral is thing

that related with skill to decide right and wrong of behaviours accepted by citizen.

Social value is the term used to describe the additional value created as an

indirect result of a publicly funded service being delivered (Compact Voice:

2012). Education is concerned with the development of desirable states of

mind in the transmission of what is worthwhile to those who themselves

come to care about these valuable things.

The researcher also found some previous researches that have been conducted

by using movie as learning media to improve students’ ability in learning English.

A researcher named Mustika Ratna Pratiwi. In her research, “Improving

Pronunciation Ability Using Cartoon Films”, has discussed how to improve

pronunciation by using cartoon films. In her research, final result prove that

cartoon films could improve the students’ pronunciation ability. The study on

value has been conducted by Ahmad Zulfahmi Muwafiq (2013) entitled

“Analysis of Values Taken From Macapat Affecting Macapat Readers in

Paguyuban Macapat Mardilars. He found that there were some values found in

Macapat, such as: sacred values, philosopical values, religious values, and

aesthetic values. Then, Imayati Kalean in her research“ Speaking Skill

Improvement By Using Movie As Media”, her research result showed that movie
is media to improve an effective students’ speaking skill. Then I also found

in Uin Ar-Raniry thesis espesially at English Department, a researcher

named Farisati Izza. “Increasing Vocabulary through Barbie Movie”. The

thesis discussed how to improve vocabulary by using barbie movie. Her research

showed that teaching vocabulary using movie as media can improve students’

vocabulary skill. Based on the result, the researcher concluded that movie is

considered as an effective media in improving the students’ ability in mastering

pronunciation.

As seen above in previous study, movie can help students in learning

English very well. In this case, it is different from the research before, the

researcher will combine the research that found in previous study. The researcher

focuses on improving the students’ ability in English pronunciation by using

moral values in movie as media. The researcher wants to know whether values

found in movie is an effective media to teaching speaking, also what is

students perception toward using this media in teaching learning process. Based

on the explanation above then researcher will conducted research by the tittle “

Values Found in Movie to Increase Students’ Pronunciation”

B. Problem Statement

Based on the background above,the researcher will formulate the research

questions as the following :

1. Does using values found in movie increase students’pronunciation?

2. What is the students’perseption about using values found in movie

increase students’pronunciation ?
C. Objective of the Research
On the basis of the research question, objective of this research as the

following:

1. To identify that using values found in movie incfreaae students’

pronunciation

2. To know the students’perseption about using values found in movie

increase students’pronunciation

D. Significance of the Research

The researcher hopes that the result of this research will give some

contributions to English language teaching and learning, as follows:

1. For Teacher

The teacher will be able to use this media in order to increase students’

pronunciation ability and also the teacher can apply this media in

the classroom to make the students interst in learning process.

2. For Student

Students will be able to increase their pronunciation ability by using

movie and also the students feel interest because they can watch and

they can learn pronunciation by watching movie. Then, the students are

aimed to know the way of analyzing movie and also can apply

many positive values, so that they have better understanding not only in

analyzing the content of the movie, but also the wisdom of life.

3. For Researcher
 the researcher will find an alternative way of teaching English in a fun

way and this is a good method for researcher because it very interesting by

using movie as media.

E. The Scope of the Study

This research will discuss about values found in movie to increae

students’pronunciation in speaking skill. This movie as a media to fasilitate the

students in SMA Muhammadiyah Disamakan Makassar.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. Previous Research Finding

researcher named Mustika Ratna Pratiwi, in her research titled“Improving

Pronunciation Ability Using Cartoon Films” has discussed how to improve

pronunciation by using cartoon films. In her research, final result prove that

cartoon films could improve the students‟ pronunciation ability.

Then,Imayati Kalean in her research under the title “ Speaking Skill

Improvement By Using Movie As Media” her research result showed

thatmovie is media toimprove an effective students‟ speaking skill. Then I

also found in Uin Ar-Raniry thesis espesially at English Department, a

researcher named Farisati Izza. “Increasing Vocabulary through Barbie

Movie”. The thesis discussed how to improve vocabulary by using barbie

movie. Her research showed that teaching vocabulary using movie as media

can improve students‟ vocabulary skill. Based on the result, the researcher

concluded that movie is considered as an effective media in improving the

students‟ ability in mastering pronunciation.

In conducting this research, the researcher was inspired from their

previous research above, but in different way, the researcher measure

students‟ pronunciation by using find the values in movie not vocabulary or

others. The researcher wants to know whether movie is an effective media

too in teaching pronunciation, also what is students perception toward using

this media in teaching learning process.

B. Literature Review

1. Defenition of Pronunciation

Pronunciation is the act or manner of pronouncing words; utterance of

speech, a way of speaking a word, especially a way that is accepted or generally

understood, and a graphic representation of the way a word spoken, using

phonetic symbols. Further pronunciation definition taken from Oxford

Dictionary states pronunciation is the way in which a language or a

particular word or sound is spoken. If one is said to have "correct

pronunciation", then it refers to both within a specific dialect.” A word can be

spoken in different ways by various individuals or groups, depending on many

factors, such as: the area in which they grew up, the area in which they now

live, if they have a speech or voice disorder, their ethnic group, their social

class, or their education. Fraenkel (2004:96) express that there are two main

steps to learning how to pronounce a language:

1) Receptive/list stage

In this stage, we learn to differentiate the significant sounds and pattern by

listening to the language.

2) Productive/speaking stage

By this stage, we learn to speak or to produce what we have learned

before.

2. Type of Pronunciation

a. English Vowels
 According to Jones, vowels are some of the continuous voiced

sound produced without obstruction in the mouth unaccompanied by any

frictional noise. Jones (2008:15) in his book “The Pronunciation of English”

classifies the vowels into 5 based on the position of the tongue:

(1). Front vowels, in the production of which the „front‟ of the tongue is

raised in the direction of the hard palate. For example, /i:/ in /fi:d/ feed.

(2). Back vowels, in the production of which the „back‟ of the tongue is

raised in the direction of the soft palate. For example, /u:/ in /fu:d/ food.

(3). Central vowels, when the position of the tongue is in the middle or in

the intermediate of front and back. For example, /з:/ in /bз:d/ bird.

(4). Close vowels, when the tongue is held as high as possible consistently

with not producing a frictional noise. For example, /i:/ in /fi:d/ feed

and /u:/ in /fu:d/ food.

(5). Open vowels, when the tongue is held a s low as possible as in /a:/ in

/fa:ðə father.

b. English consonants

According to Kelly (2000:47) consonants can be described in terms:

(1). The place of articulation

(a). Labiodental

Sound which is articulated by the tip tongue against the upper teeth;

e.g. /f/ .

(b). Dental

Sounds articulated by the tip tongue against the upper teeth. e.g : / ð /
 (c). Alveolar

Namely sounds articulated by the tip or blade of the tongue

against the teeth-ridge; e.g. normal English /t/.

(d). Palatals

Namely sounds articulated by the back of the tongue against the

hard palate; e.g / j /.

(e). Velars

Namely sounds articulated by the back of the tongue against the soft

palate; e.g. /k/

(h). Glottal

Namely sounds articulated in the glottis; e.g / h /

(2). Manner of articulation

(a). Plosive

A complete closure is made somewhere in the vocal tract, and the soft

palate is also raised. Air pressure increases behind the closure,

and is then released explosively‟, e.g. /p/ and /b/

(b) Affricative

A complete closure is made somewhere in the mouth, and the soft

palate is raised. Air pressure increases behind the closure, and is then

released more slowly than in plosives, e.g. /t_/ and /d_/

(c). Fricative, when two vocal organs come close enough together for

the movement of air between them to be heard, e.g. /f/ and /v/

(d). Nasal
 A closure is made by the lips, or by the tongue against the plate, the

soft plate is lowered, and air escapes through the nose, e.g. /m/ and /n/

(e) Lateral

A partial closure is made by the blade of the tongue against the

alveoral ridge. Air is able to flow around the sides of the tongue, e.g.

/l/

(f) Approximant

Vocal organs come near to each other, but not so close as to cause

audible friction, e.g. /r/ and /w/

c. English Diphthongs

Diphthongs are sounds, which involve a change in quality

during is their

production. It is the combination of vowel sounds. Diphthongs are

represented phonetically by sequences of two letters. The first showing the

starting point and the second indication the direction of the movement.

There are three kinds of diphthongs. They are (closing) diphthongs,

falling diphthongs, centering diphthongs.

(a). Raising or Closing Diphthongs.

The position of the tongue when the second vowel is pronounced

higher than the first one. For example:

- /ai/, like in time /taim/, fine /fain/

- /ei/, like in make /meik/, take /teik/

- / i/, like in boy /boi/

- /au/, like in now /nau/, how /hau/

- /əu/, like in no /nəu/, go /gəu/

(b). Falling Diphthongs.

The position of the tongue when utters the second vowel is lower than

the first one. For example:

- /i ə/, like in fear /fiə(r)/, hear /hiə(r)/

- /ə/, like in pure /pjə(r)/

(c). Centering Diphthongs

The position of the tongue when utters the second vowel is at the id

central. For example:

- /ə/, like in fore /fə(r) /, more /mə(r)/

- / εə /, like in there /ðεə /

(d). Supra-segmental phonemes

Supra-segmental phonemes are classified into seven classes; they are:

- Stress. Stress is the pressure of breath with which sounds are produced.

Intonation. Intonation is the changes in the music of the voice while

producing speech.

- Pause. Pause is the silent between parts of un utterance.

- Juncture. Juncture is a very short time of pause. It is the space in speech

between sounds or words.

- Rhythm. Rhythm is the beat of language. It is the stress-time. Meaning

between two primary stresses is the same.

 - Pitch. Pitch is the height and/or direction (up-down contrast level of pitch

can distinguish word. For example, in Chinese there are four levels of

sounds that can differentiate meaning.

- Length. Length is the long or short a phoneme should be pronounced.

d. Stress

According to Jones (2008:57), the force of the breath with which a

syllable is pronounced is called stress. Stress varies from syllable to syllable.

Syllable which are pronounced with greater stress than the neighbor

syllables are said to be stressed. It is in fact generally sufficient to

distinguish two degrees only –stressed and unstressed. Stress syllables are

marked when necessary by ‘placed immediately before them, thus father,

'f_:_ə, arrive, ə'raiv, opportunity, pə'tju:niti, what shall we do?

'(h)w_t_əlwi:'du.

The same words and sentences are not always stressed in the same

way. Variations are sometimes necessary for making the meaning clear, and

they are ventually needed due to rhythmical considerations. Thus the

word injudicious when simply taken to mean “foolish” would have stress on

the third: 'di_əsyllable, thus he was very injudicious,

hi:wəz'veriind_u:'di_əs, but when used in contrast with judicious, the

chief stress would be on the first syllable, the stress on the third being

only secondary, e.g. that was very judicious, __twəz'verid_u:'di_əs, and

the answer is I should call it injudicious,'ai_ədk_:litveri'ind_u:di_əs.

Untrained speakers often fail to bring out contrast of this kind properly.
 In '(h)w_t_əlwi:'du:, '(h)w_t'__lwi:'du:, '(h)w_t_əl'wi:du:, the variations of

stress actually modify the meaning of the words. The word unknown,

_nnoun shows clearly how rhythm may affect stress. Compare an unknown

land, ən'_nnoun'l_nd with quite unknown, 'kwait_n'noun. When isolated the

word would generally be pronounced, the two syllables having equal

stress. The rhythmical principle underlying these changes is a tendency

to avoid consecutive stressed syllables when possible.

5. Intonation

Jones (2008:59) states in speaking, the pitch of the voice, i.e. the pith of the

musical note produced by the vocal chords, is constantly changing. These

variations in pitch are called intonation (or inflection). Intonation is thus

quite independent of stress, with which it is sometimes confused by beginners.

Fluctuations in pitch either involve a rising pitch or a falling pitch. Intonation is

found in every language and even in tonal languages, but the realization

and function are seemingly different. It is used in non-tonal languages to add

attitudes to words (attitudinal function) and to differentiate between

whquestions, yes-no questions, declarative statements, commands, requests, etc.

Generally speaking, the following intonations are distinguished:

- Rising Intonation means the pitch of the voice rises over time

- Falling Intonation means that the pitch falls with time

- Dipping Intonation falls and then rises

- Peaking Intonation rises and then falls

3. Component of Pronunciation
 In pronunciation we have to paying attention to the component of

pronunciation.

According to Djiwandono (2008: 124) There are four components of

pronunciation, there are; intelligibility, fluency, accuracy and native -like.

- Intelligibility is pronounced of the whole text and its parts are heard clearly

or not causing misunderstanding.

- Fluency is as a whole of text can be pronounced fluently.

- Accuracy is words and parts of text are pronounced accurately.

- Native-like is pronounced of the whole text and its parts are

pronounced like

native speaker.

From the explanation above, it can be concluded that in pronounced the

words, phrase and sentences we have to paying attention to the indicators above.

An audiovisual aid is one of the media of teaching pronunciation. The most

important reason for utilizing audiovisual materials in junior high school

instruct Freudenstein in Alatis (1981: 275) says that there are three media in order

to run the teaching and learning

process effectively and effici ently. They are defined as follows.

1). Visual: boards (blackboard, magnetic board, slot board), chart (wall

chart,flow chart), and pictures.

2). Audio: radios and tape recorder.

3). Audio visual: film, TV, and video.

4. Definition of Movie
 Movie is a motion picture or film produced for entertainment that tells

a story. In addition, they have background rooted in science and technology

(Webster, 2003: 305) Here, Hornby gives a clear definition about movie.

There are three important keys about movie based on his statement:

– Movies are story.

– Movies are recorded as moving pictures.

– Movies are shown on TV or cinema.

Movies are form of entertainment that enacts a story by sequence of

images giving by the illusion of continuous movement. Here, movie is treated as

a form of entertainment. Meanwhile, Allen and Gomery (2005:136) state that

movie is an art which portrays man‟s interpretation of life. Movie as an art and

movie as a form of entertainment are both right. The main difference

between them is the goal. The goal of movie as entertainment media is to

entertain the viewers. Meanwhile, the goal of movie as an art is to give particular

messages to the viewers. Since movie gives particular messages to the viewers,

the writer have a tendency to appreciate movie as an art. From the

definitions above, it can be stated that movie are story which portrays

man‟s interpretation of life recorded as a set of moving images to be shown on

television or cinema in order to gives particular messages to the viewers.

Movie is the media of teaching which has benefit for lecturer and students.

As the lecturer analyzes students‟ responses to the questions and situations which

are projected, both lecturer and learner benefit from evaluative strength of

audiovisual aids. One of the best uses of movie is to bring to the students
experiments and demonstration which are ordinarily impractical in the classroom.

Goldwyn (2003:46) states that English teachers seem to have liked movie

because of its artistic seriousness which in turn meant that is worth

studying, pupils also liked this rather out of the ordinary treat so different from

most of their lessons in school. Forney in Smith (2009 : 126) suggests that movie

is a great tool for students because it allows them to learn outside of the average

college parameters such as books, lectures, papers, and the like. She sees the value

in these methods of learning, but she also states that a student can get a real active

picture of material from a film, such as watching a counseling subject‟s progress

over time in a film like Good Will Hunting (2007 : 147). She also explains

how there are different student learning styles that different types of media can

encourage, film being part of the ’concrete experience’ group. Overall, Forney

(2004 : 143) finds entertainment media to be invaluable for the student learning

experience based on its easy accessibility and the students‟ built in knowledge of

it. Watching movie was the favorite activity that students like. It was fun for

watching movie in the class, so the classroom atmosphere was enjoyable and

made them more ready to learn. According to Brown (2003: 233), “movie is the

most widely applicable and powerful among the resources for teaching and

learning since it has unique capacity to communicate, to influence, and to

inform”. While students were watching the movie, directly they got some

experiences from the movie and it influenced their understanding and thinking.

English movi e had big contribution for the students in learning English, as like
how the native speaker pronounce the words, how they mimic their face, and also

they will see how the native speaker use body language when they are speaking.

5. Criteria of Movie

According to Wikipedia the criteria of movie as follows:

(1) Factual movie present ideas and information precisely, using pictures

and sound to clarify meaning in ways which are superior to and

different from the usual illustrated lecture.

(2) Pictorial reports are comprised of movie footage which records events

such as track meets or time and motion studies much as they occurred

with little or no editing.

(3) Fictional drama movie often present stirring, believable versions of

literacy classics. They are useful in developing attitudes, building

appreciation, and presenting information.

(4) True drama films portray events in the lives of actual people.

(5) Travelogues give geographic information.

(6) Training movie stress religious history and dramatize situation

(7) Involving moral and spiritual values.

(8) Documentary movie are a major special type with important

educational opportunities.

(9) Cartoon movie is a movie made by animating a series of drawings.

Leacturer use movie in many different ways and for a variety of purposes: to

communicate information, to change or to strengthen attitudes, to develop skills,

to stimulate interest, to raise problems, to seek moods, to emotionalize learning.

They sometimes use movie to test abilities of their students to apply pri nciples to

problem situation.

6. The Concept of Value

Bertens (2005:139 ) states that value is something fun and exciting that we

look for or simply it is something delighting and something good. While Jonas in

Bertens (2005:139) defined that value is addressee of a yes. It means that

something valuable accepted as something good.Actually, values had been

discussed by the philosophers from 50s until 60s. In the last of 19

centuries it had a high position and discussed explicitly, although it had been

implicitly discussed and played a role since Plato gave the concept of ―good‖.

That was the biggest reason the emergence of new branch in Philosophy that was

known as axiology or ―the theory of value‖ (Bertens, 2005: 139-140). Here,

Bertens (2005:141) states that there are three characteristics of value. Firstly,

value always related to the subject. If there is no subject, it means that

there is no value to be shown. For example, when the volcano erupted and

there is no appraiser, it can‘t be assessed whether it is ―beautiful‖ or even

detrimental‖. Secondly, value is practical and not found only in theoretical

approach. Then the last, value doesn‘t deal with material worthiness of

something.

Moreover, Bertens (2005:142) states that Philosophy do not discussed

clearly about the classification of value and it‘s really disappointing.

However, by following German pedagogue, Takdir in Suseno (2005: 135)

classified value into six categories, they are theoretical value, economical

value, religious value, aesthetic value, political value, and social value.

The view point of theoretical value is ―right and wrong‖ in which the

positive things are seen as the rightness and the negative things are seen as the

mistake. Then economical value seen that the valuable things know by

calculating whether it is profitable or not. Here, the criteria are financial

interest or loss which is gotten. While religious value is about the obedient and the

violation to the God‘s rules. Besides, aesthetic value judges base on the beautiful

least of something. If the things are beautiful and wonderful, it can be said that

they have high aesthetic value. Meanwhile, the political value is seen the

goodness or badness of something is known whether it is power or powerless.

Then the last, social value viewed by seen how deep the relationship to the

others. The tolerance one is good, while the selfish one is very bad. Ambroise in

Fitri (2012:89) states that value is abstract. It means that we feel whether it is

valuable or not within ourselves and it is driving force as the way of our life.

Thereforevalue has the important place someone’s life to the extent that people

are ready to sacifice their lives at the expense of value. Value can be tracked from

the three realities and described in the figure below.

Figure 1.1
The behavioral pattern

Induvidual
VALUE The pattern of Thinking or Sosial
V

Attitudes
 From the chart above, we can say that we can‘t separate one reality to

another. If the tendency is only from the behavioral pattern without relate to the

other, it will create the wrong perception of a certain value. In Philosophy, value

had a close relationship to ethics and moral, but they seen as something different

from each other. Ethic is seen as a body of principle which lead people to

do the right thing and in accordance with the norm.

Judged from terminology side, value as something which is abstract

has the understanding used to give reward to a certain thing while ethics is

something which leads to the rightness and norm is the rules (Fitri, 2012: 91).

While the concept of value in Philosophy is a little bit different to the

concept of value in Literature. In Literature, value is discussed integrally with

moral. Moral is defined as something stated in the literary work that have to be

conveyed to reader. Here, moral is seen has a similarity to the theme,

because both of them stated can be interpreted as the main point which

constructs the literary work (Nurgiyantoro, 2010:320). However, Kenny in

Nurgiyantoro (2010:320) states that theme is much more complex than moral, so

that moral can be said is the simple form of theme, but any moral is not theme.

Moral in the literary work usually reflects the belief of the author

about the concept of ―goodness‖. That belief will be conveyed to the readers or

listener. Further, Kenny in Nurgiyantoro (2010:321-322) states that moral seen

as the message of the whole story. It can be used as the ―guidelines‖ to be the

role model. In literary work, value imbedded by moral not to be in regard

with the value in the real life, because the truth in literary work sometimes
is not in line with the truth in real life. Sometimes, it is contrary to the religion‘s

rule as stated in the short story Datangnya dan Perginya which is written by

Navis. Navis as the author let Sutan Duono as the main character permitted his

son, Masri getting married with Arni, his daughter from different wife. Here,

it‘s not a big problem to make a literary work is not in line with the religion‘s rule,

because literary work itself is not a religion.

According to Nurgiyantoro (2010:322) value or lesson learned that is gotten

by the readers or the listeners is always in a good sense. Thus, if literary

work displayed the less praiseworthy character, it doesn‘t mean that the author

suggested the audiences to be so. Through plotting, the author can make the story

dramatically and radically, but it is deliberately shown that the message of the

story must not be followed entirely. The audiences are expected to get the

value of the story by their own interpretation.

There are unlimited kinds of values used in literary works. Usually,

the whole problem of human life used to be found as the values. Generally, the

problem of human life is divided into three kinds. Firstly, the human

relationship to themselves. Secondly, human relationships with other human

beings in a social environment. The last is the relationship between a human and

the Lord (Nurgiyantoro, 2010, 323-324). Moreover, Nurgiyantoro (2010:324)

states in a literary work, there will be several values which build up the total

story. As the theme, there are two kinds of value based on the position in

the literary work. They are mayor values and minor values. So that the high skill

is needed in analyzing and interpreting these values then apply them in the daily
life. There are two ways of communicating values in literary work. The first

one is explicitly (direct communicating) and the second one is implicitly (indirect

communicating). In communicating values explicitly, the author states clearly

the values through characterization, telling, and expository. This way has its

benefits and weaknesses. Through this way, the reader will be easier to catch

the values without think aloud, because here the author ―telling directly‖ what

he want to communicate. Unfortunately, the literary work is not an ethics

book which allows the author to freely express what he wants to teach. The

explicit way seen is not effective and will make the reader being the foolish one.

Because of the literary work is an aesthetic work which has the function to

entertain the reader, and give emotional and intellectual pleasure, so the

explicit way will decrease of the aesthetic value of the literary work itself. This

way was used in several earlier Indonesian novels from Balai Pustaka,

because it viewed fit to the mission of the governments to build up the

good characters of the readers. Here, the author is called by pujangga, the

special term that was seen is higher than the author (Nurgiyantoro,

2010:335-337). Communicating values explicitly is described through the figure

below.

Figure 1.2

ADDIREER MESSAGE ADDRESSEE

 Based on the figure above, the reader will never feel something

surprising in the literary work and the content itself will feel so tendentious. It is

still understandably to be applied in old Indonesian‘s books, because the

authors don‘t have enough knowledge about it. Unfortunately, the condition will

be quite different to be if explicit way applied in new Indonesian novel like

as Siti Nurbaya by Marah Rusli. The characterizationbetween Siti Nurbaya as

protagonist and Datuk Maringgih as antagonist made strictly different. Here, the

author also described Datuk Maringgih only from his bad side, so that the readers

do not require to deeply thinking of getting the values from that story (Siti

Nurbaya story as explained by Nurgiyantoro, 2010:337-339).

Different from explicit value, in communicating value implicitly, the author

does not directly tell to the readers the values that are state and build up the total

story. Here, the author lets the readers to enjoy the literary work as something

entertaining. Similar to explicit value, communicating through implicit value

also has benefits and weakness. It seen less communicative, because value

only describe through conflict, the way of the characters in facing the

conflict, and what characters feel inside. It makes high opportunity of

misinterpretation. But it is seen as something that is common and take it as the

special thing of a literary work, because it prove that the literary work is quite

complete and prove that the author doesn‘t patronize the readers. It is also seen as

something challenging for the readers who want to improve their skill in

analyzing values in a certain literary work. The literary work which used implicit

ways in describing the values is Hamlet by Shakespeare. Although it was

written in a long time ago, but if we read it again, we will still feel the renewal

values of that story (Nurgiyantoro, 2010: 339-341).

7. Kinds of Value

a. Moral Value

Moral is thing that related with skill to decide right and wrong of

behaviours accepted by citizen. Morality contains belief about the nature of

man, belief about ideals, what is good or desirable for its own sake,

rules laying down what ough to be done, and motives that incline us

to choose the right or the wrong course. with inner thoughts and

feelings controlling his or her actions (Trusted: 2007: 1). There are four

characteristic of moral value as follows:

1) Moral value related to our responsibility

Moral value related to our human personality. A special mark of moral

values is the value associated with the responsibility of the human.

Moral values lead someone to be guilty or innocent of their

responsibility.

2) Moral value related to our conscience

All values need to be recognized, and communicated. The special

characteristic of moral value is this value raises the voice of our deepheart

to ignore the bad things.

3) Moral value related to our obligation

 Moral value requires us to do something better everyday. It has to be

done totally, for example: the badminton player who want to be a

champion have to train hard.

4) Moral value related to our formal life

Even though moral value is the highest value in the world, but it can

not separated to others value such as economical value, aesthetic value,

and soon. For example: a seller applies moral value all at one while applies

economical value. It proves that moral value can not stand alone

without other value.

b. Social Value

Social value is the term used to describe the additional value created

as an indirect result of a publicly funded service being delivered (Compact Voice:

2012). It also can be said as form an important part of the culture of the society.

Values account for the stability of social order. They provide the general

guidelines for social conduct. Values such as fundamental rights, patriotism,

respect for human dignity, rationality, sacrifice, individuality, equality,

democracy, respect for diversity, care and protection fo vulnerable people or

children, etc. Values are the criteria people use in assessing their daily

lives; arrange their priorities and choosing between alternative course of action.

c. Educational Value

Today, education is only advanced scientific aspect intellectual

intelligence of the children. As for the formation of character and culture

nation within the students increasingly marginalized. The fragility of the

 character in the nation's cultural life can bring a setback in civilization. In

contrast, a society that has character and a strong culture will strengthen the

existence of a nation and state. That is why educational value is needed to be

learnt. Education is concerned with the development of desirables tates

of mind in the transmission of what is worthwhile to those who

themselves come to care about these valuable things. No restriction is set on

what is transmitted other than that. Cooper (2006: 15) states that

educational value is the concept of value and rule that leads how to teach

proper concept of a person, or an understanding that other people count or

grasp of other people emoticon. Educational value related to develop other

aspects: personality, morals and ethics, etc that has relation to the

education.

In this research, the tittle of movie that the researcher will take is “A

Beautifull Mind” movie. The researcher choose this movie because this

movie is education and inspiration movie, therefore the students also

moral values in thier life and practice their pronunciation in the learning

process.

C. Research Hypotheses

The hypotheses of the research are as follows :

Ho : If the movie is implemented for the students’ of SMA Muhammadiyah

Disamakan Makassar then the students’ pronunciation ability will not

enhance. Therefore, the movie should not be implemented for them.

Ha : If the movie is implemented for the students’ of SMA Muhammadiyah

Disamakan Makassar then the students’ pronunciation ability will

enhance. Therefore, the movie should be implemented for them.

 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

A. Research Design

This research is conducted in the form of quantitative research which used one

group pretest posttest design in order to find out the significant difference of

students’pronunciation before and after being taught through movie. The design

uses one class, as the experimental class which received the treatment of movie.

In this research, pretest (O1) is given before the researcher teaches by using movie

and in order to measure the students’ competence before they are given the

treatment. Then, treatments are given in twice by movie to improve

students’pronunciation. Posttest (O2) is given after teaching movie and to measure

how far the students’ improvement after they get the treatment.

In this design, there must be a different between the pre-test and the post-test

scores. According to Sugiyono (2016:111) the research deigns could be

represented a follows:

O1 X O2

Explanation:

O1 : Pre-test

X : Treatment

O2 : Post-test
B. Research Variables

There are two variables in this research, they are: independent and

dependent variables. Independent variable is movie and the dependent variable is

the students’ pronunciation.

C. Population and Sample

1. Population

The population of this research is students of SMA 1 Muhammadiyah

2. Sample

Based on the population, the researcher will take second grade of SMA 1

Muhammadiyah.

D. Instrument

Instrument is one of the significant steps in conducting this research.

Therefore, the researcher must choose an instrument in the process of collecting

data. Research instrument is tool of collecting data that should be valid and

reliable.

The instrument of this research are test and questionaire. Using test for

instrument is to verify the problem of first statement and questionaire to verify the

problem of second statement.

1. Test

Test will given to the students in order to figure out their

pronunciation ability. In this research, test will divide into two catagories;

Pre-test and Post-test. The aim of pre-test is to find out the students’

ability toward their pronunciation skill before the treatment is conducted. On

 the other hand, post-test is to find out whether their pronunciation skill

improved or not after the treatment. The test will conduct by using moral

values in movie as a media, To collect the data of pre-test and post-test, the

researcher apply oral proficiency test. Oral proficiency scoring catagories

suggest by Brown (2001:406) are employed in the test to score the students’

performance.

1. Questionnaire

The researcher distribut the questionnaire to the students in order to obtain

the real data about their perception after the students examine by the test.

The questionnaire adapt from Ms. Nashriyah (2014) and use Likert scale to

measure students’ perception. There are twenty one questions from the

questionnaire set question that would be asked to the students to answer the

second research question about the students perception of using moral

values in movie to improve students’pronunciation in learning English. The

questions are about pronunciation.

E. Procedure of Data Collection

The procedures of collecting data in this research are as follows:

1. Pre-test

Before doing the treatment, the students are given pre-test to know their

knowledge in pronciation. The test is a text that students have to find the

values and retell it in front of the class.

2. Treatment
 The sample is treated by using movie. In this case, the students are taught

about pronunciation during watching movie. The treatments are

conducted twice.

3. Post-test

After the treatment, the post-test is conducted to find out the students’

achievement in pronunciation it is used to check the result of the

treatments; it is useful to know whether the values found in movie is

effective to improve the students’pronuncition. The test is also contains

to find the values in movie .

F. Technique of Data Analysis

1. Analysis of the Test

The data obtained from the tests is analyzed statistically by

using statistic In analyzing the data, the researcher applied some steps as

follows:

a. Scoring the criteria of students’pronunciation of pre-test and post-test

by using this formula:

Total Score
𝑆𝐶 = 𝑥100
𝒇𝒊

b. Scoring the final score of students’pronunciation of pre-test and post

test by using formula :

Total SC
𝑆𝑇 =
𝒇𝒊

Note :
ST : Score of Test

SC : Scoring Criteria

F1 : Frequency

Total Score : Total Score is conduct on criteria of values.

c. The data obtain from the tests is analyzed statistically by using

statistic calculation of the t-test formula with the significance

degree of 5%. According to Sudjana (2008: 158), the formula is:

∑ 𝒇𝒊 𝒙𝒊
𝑴𝟏 =
∑𝒇𝒊

Note:

xi : Middle Score of interval class

fi : Frequency

fi.xi : The amount of multiplication between frequency and middle

interval.

2. Analysis of the Questionnaire

The data obtain from the questionnaire is also analyzed statistically

by counting the percentage of the students’ answers in each item of the

questionnaire. It is used to know the students’ responses after being toward

the use of moral value in movie to teaching pronunciation. Based on Sudjana

(2008: 160), the formula used is:

𝑭
𝑷= × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝑵

Notes:
P = Percentage

F = Frequency

N = Number of sample

100% = Constant of value

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 VALUES FOUND IN MOVIE TO INCREASE

STUDENTS’PRONUNCIATION

PROPOSAL

By:

NURUL HIKMAH RAMADHANI

10535626215

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF MAKASSAR

2019