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Forum for Electromagnetic Research Methods and Application Technologies (FERMAT)
Metamaterial Inspired Antenna Miniaturization for MIMO

System Applications
By:
Muhammad Umar Khan, Department of Electrical Engineering
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals December, 2014
Abstract : Fourth generation (4G) wireless communication standards have adopted multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems to cater for
high data rate requirements. For a successful implementation of these standards, the antenna of MIMO systems is an important design
consideration. The MIMO systems require that their antenna with multiple elements should have high port isolation and low correlation
between it elements. The wireless devices, where these systems are implemented require that their antenna must be low-profile and fit within the
enclosing of the device. Together, these restrictions make the design of antennas for the MIMO systems a challenging task. Antenna is still one of
the largest parts of any communication device. A standard antenna dimension correspond to half wavelength of its operating frequency.
Decreasing the size of antenna beyond this limit severely degrades its radiation characteristics. For MIMO systems, accommodating multiple
antenna elements in a limited space is therefore a serious issue which require that the novel antenna miniaturization techniques be developed.
These techniques should try to reach the best possible practical limit of small antennas while maintaining reasonable radiation characteristics.
In this work, antennas for MIMO systems are designed for various standards between 0.7 GHz to 6 GHz. All the designed antennas are planar,
low-profile and uses modified microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) as the elements. A metamaterial (MTM) inspired technique is proposed which
uses the complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) for MPA miniaturization. We first thoroughly investigate the miniaturization technique and
then develop design procedures based on it. An 80% miniaturization in the patch area is achieved using the proposed method in the 700 MHz
band and 65% miniaturization is achieved in the 5GHz band. The miniaturized MPA thus developed are used to design 2-element MIMO
antenna systems in the lower LTE band, 4-element MIMO antenna systems in the ISM band and 8-element MIMO antenna systems in the WiFi
band. All the designs are highly compact and conform to the dimensions of a standard wireless device.
Keywords: Metamaterial, Inspired Antenna ,Miniaturization, MIMO System Applications.

INTRODUCTION
• Design MIMO Antenna Systems

– 0.7 GHz – 6 GHz
• Solutions for designing compact,

planar and low-profile antennas for
such MIMO Systems
Antenna inside a Tablet
• Special Emphasis to the
miniaturization of planar antennas
2
Dissertation Defense (Dec,2014)
OUTLINE
• Motivation
• MIMO Systems & Antennas
• Work Contributions
• Proposed Miniaturized MPA
• MIMO Antenna Systems using Proposed MPA
Elements
• Isolation Enhancement in the Proposed MIMO
Antenna Systems
• Conclusions & Future Work
3
MOTIVATION
• Use of Mobile Devices is on the rise

Market Forecast of Wireless Mobile Devices *
2013 2014 2017
(in Market Forecasts
millions)
Laptops 315 302 271

UltraMobiles 23 38 96
Tablets 197 265 468
Mobile 1875 1949 2129
Laptops Ultra Mobiles Tablets Mobile Phones
Phones
* http://www.gartner.com
4
MOTIVATION
• Applications in
use Time to download a file versus the speed *
– Multi-point video Size 4 Mbps 10 Mbps 50 Mbps
conferencing
2 hr HD Video 4.5 GB 2.3 hrs 57 min 11. 4 min
– HD video
Echo-diagram 4 GB 2.1 hrs 50 min 10 min
streaming Study
– Distant Learning Audio Book 110 MB 3.4 min 1.4 min 7 sec
– Telemedicine
5
MOTIVATION
• 4G-LTE standards use MIMO systems to cater for

high data rate requirements
• They can offer a theoretical 100 Mbps speed

Practical Data rates offered by 3G and 4G Technologies *
Downlink Uplink
3G 4 Mbps 1 Mbps
4G 10 Mbps 6-8 Mbps
• Antenna is an important design consideration for 4G

systems
6
OUTLINE
• Motivation
Elements
Antenna Systems
7
MIMO SYSTEMS
• An important technical
breakthrough towards
Tx 0 Rx 0
achieving higher channel
capacity in multipath
Tx 1 Rx 1
environments
• Multiple antenna elements

at both receiver and
transmitter ends to Tx N Rx N
improve the throughput of
the communication
system among others
8
MIMO SYSTEMS
• MIMO systems make use of the

multipath environment and Tx 0 1
Rx 0
provide gains over a SISO
counterpart, such as Tx 1 Rx 1
1
– Diversity Gain
9
– Array Gain
– Multiplexing Gain Diversity Gain
• Due to conflicting demands of

all these methods, MIMO Tx 0 1 Rx 0
systems cannot utilize all these
advantages simultaneously. Tx 1 2 Rx 1
9
Multiplexing Gain
9
MIMO ANTENNA SYSTEMS
• Front-end of any wireless MIMO system

(any modern handheld device)
• Devices using MIMO systems require that
their antennas are low profile , fit in a
limited space and cover several bands.
• The MIMO antenna system consists of
several antenna elements of similar
features arranged in such a way that they
fit within the wireless device with
A 3-element MIMO Antenna System *
reasonable performance
* http://www.robaid.com/
10
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MIMO
ANTENNA SYSTEM
• Conventional antenna performance metrics are not sufficient to describe and

predict the performance of MIMO antenna system
• Some additional features are calculated to characterize the performance of
MIMO antenna system
• A MIMO antenna system is evaluated based on
1. Reflection Coefficient & Isolation 𝑏𝑖2
Γ=
2. Radiation Efficiency 𝑎𝑖2
3. Radiation Patterns
[b]= 𝑆 . [𝑎]
4. Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC)
5. Correlation Coefficient
2
6. Mean Effective Gain (MEG) 𝐹1 𝜃, 𝜙 ∗ 𝐹2 𝜃, 𝜙 𝑑Ω
7. Channel Capacity 𝜌𝑒 = 2 𝑑Ω 2 𝑑Ω
𝐹1 𝜃, 𝜙 𝐹2 𝜃, 𝜙
11
MIMO ANTENNA SYSTEM DESIGNS
• Initial work on MIMO antenna systems design appeared in 2005 *

• The work analyzed a standard array of 6 monopoles for performance in MIMO
systems
• The work concluded that isolation between antenna elements of such a system
greatly effect its performance
• High isolation between antenna elements is required to gain the anticipated
benefits of a MIMO system
• Many designs were presented in literature from 2005 onwards
• Miniaturized antenna elements & high isolation between closely placed antenna
elements are the main features sought by a MIMO antenna designer
*K. Rosengren and P. Kildal, “Radiation eciency , correlation , diversity gain and capacity of a six-monopole
antenna array for a MIMO system : theory , simulation and measurement in reverberation chamber," IEE Proc.
Microw. Antennas Propag., vol. 152, no. 1, pp. 7-16, 2005.
12
MIMO ANTENNA SYSTEMS DESIGNS
MIMO antenna system designs presented in various Journals *
* M. S. Sharawi, “Printed Multi-Band MIMO Antenna Systems and their Performance Metrics, ”
IEEE Antennas & Propagations Magazine, Vol. 55, No. 5, pp. 218-232, Oct. 2013
13
OUTLINE
• Motivation
Elements
Antenna Systems
14
WORK CONTRIBUTIONS
1. A systematic design Metamaterials(MTM)-inspired technique for

the design of miniaturized MPA
2. Applying the Theory of Characteristic Modes to understand and
explain the behavior of the proposed miniaturization technique
3. Design of MIMO Antenna Systems for various bands between 0.7
GHz – 6 GHz using the proposed MTM-inspired MPAs as their
elements
4. Characterization of the designed MIMO antenna systems in a real
wireless indoor environment
5. An MTM-inspired isolation enhancement technique for the
proposed MIMO antenna systems
15
OUTLINE
• Motivation
Elements
Antenna Systems
16
MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA (MPA)
• Well analyzed, widely used

printed antenna
• Methods of Analysis
– Transmission-line model 3D radiation pattern
of MPA
– Cavity Model
– Full wave methods
1 𝑚𝜋 2 𝑛𝜋 2 𝑝𝜋 2
𝑓𝑟 = + +
2𝜋 𝜀𝜇 ℎ 𝐿 𝑊 A Microstrip patch
antenna
17
ELECTRICALLY SMALL ANTENNAS
(ESA)
• An antenna whose maximum dimension
𝜆
is less than is called an ESA
2𝜋
• ESAs are evaluated based on their Q

and radiation efficiency
• An ESA has a low bandwidth, high Q,
and low radiation efficiency / gain An antenna enclosed
in Chu-sphere
Work Minimum Q
McLean, 1996 1 2 1
+
2 𝑘𝑎 (𝑘𝑎)3
Thal, 2006 1
(𝑘𝑎)3
Gustafsson ,2007 𝐺 1
18
2(𝑘𝑎)3
Dissertation Defense 𝜂(Dec,2014)
MINIATURIZATION OF MPA
• MPA patch antenna can be miniaturized by

– Changing the effective wavelength
– Increasing the current path
• Several Techniques are used in Literature for MPA

miniaturization
– Material Loading
– Folding & Shorting
– Reshaping \ Introducing Slots
– Modification of GP
– MTM inspired techniques A miniaturized circular Patch
Antenna *
* Saman Jahani, Jalil Rashed-Mohassel, and Mahmoud Shahabadi “Miniaturization of

Circular Patch Antennas Using MNG Metamaterials,” IEEE Antennas & Wireless
Propagation Letters, vol. 0, pp. 1194-1196, 2010. 19
SUMMARY
Miniaturization Features Advantages Disadvantages

Technique
Material Loading • High dielectric substrates • High degree of • Expensive materials
• Ceramic Substrates miniaturization • Limited bandwidth
• Magnetodielectric substrates • Easy design procedure
Shorting & Folding • Shorting pins • Up to 4 times • No standard design procedure
• Shorting walls miniaturization • Complex antenna geometry
• Folding • Cost effective solution • Non-planar
Reshaping a Patch / • Fractal Antenna • Up to 8 times • Complex antenna geometry
Introducing Slots • Engineered conductors miniaturization • No standard design procedure
• Slots in the patch • Can provide wider
bandwidth
Modification in Ground • Slots in GP • Up to 8 times • Low efficiency

Plane • Use of DGS miniaturization • Increase back lobe level
• Planar & Simple • No standard design procedure
geometry
Use of Metamaterials • Use of ENG, MNG, DNG • High degree of • Limited bandwidth
substrates miniaturization • Low efficiency
• Use of MTM-inspired techniques • Complex geometry
• No standard design procedure
20
CSRR LOADED MPA
• A patch antenna is
miniaturized by etching out
a complementary split-ring
resonator (CSRR)
underneath it
• The effect of various
parameters of the CSRR
on the resonant frequency The Geometry of the proposed
Miniaturized MPA
are analyzed
21
PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS
• Parametric studies
Variation of the width of CSRR rings "w"
to model the effect of 5
-5
CSRR dimensions
Reflection Coefficient (dB)

-10
-15
– radius ‘r’, -20

w=0.5mm
w=0.7mm
-25
w=0.9mm
– width of ring ‘w’ -30

w=1.1mm
w=1.5mm
-35
– spacing between the -40

2.4 2.42 2.44 2.46 2.48 2.5 2.52 2.54 2.56 2.58 2.6
Frequency (GHz)
rings ‘s’ Change in the resonant

frequency due to ‘r’
22
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODEL
• Babinet’s principle can be used to find the impedance of the CSRR

• The impedance of a structure is related to its complementary image by
𝜼𝟐
𝒁𝒔 𝒁𝒄 =
𝟒
• The single ring CSRR is a complementary image of the loop antenna
• The impedance of the loop antenna is related to its circumference
Resistance curves for a loop Reactance curves for a loop

23
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODEL
Equivalent circuit model of the CSRR loaded MPA
24
DESIGN PROCEDURE
• While tuning the CSRR, if the resonant
Design a patch antenna with
frequency is lost, shift the feedline along the
resonant frequency higher than
patch until the resonance is recovered.
the desired frequency
• During all this process, make sure that the main
radiator remains the patch.
Etch out a CSRR underneath the
patch
Simulate and note the resonant

frequency
Resonant
Decrease ‘r’ No frequency
Yes Increase ‘r’
Increase ‘w’, ‘s’ of Decrease ‘w’, ‘s’ of
the CSRR > desired the CSRR
frequency
Finish
25
THEORY OF CHARACTERISTIC MODES
• Characteristic modes are the

orthogonal current modes that can 1968 : Garbacz
exist on a conducting body of Theory
arbitrary shape
• CM theory provides a solution to 1971 : Harrington &
compute these modes numerically Mutaz
• Currently, the theory is being used

for systematic antenna design and
analysis application
2007-08 : Marta
Cabedo Fabrés , Eva
Antonino Daviu Applications
26
THEORY OF CHARACTERISTICS MODES
The relation between E-field and the J produced on conducting body is

𝐿 𝐽 − 𝐸𝑖 = 0
The surface current can be expanded as a sum of basis function
𝐽= 𝑎𝑛 𝐽𝑛
𝑛
Defining Testing function W and taking inner product
𝑛 𝑎𝑛 𝐿(𝐽𝑛 ), 𝑊𝑚 = 𝑊𝑚 , 𝐸 𝑖
Above equation in Matrix form

An arbitrary shape conducting
𝐼𝑛 𝑍𝑚𝑛 = [𝑉𝑚 ]
body ‘S’
27
THEORY OF CHARACTERISTICS MODES
Using the symmetry of Generalized impedance matrix

1
𝑅= 𝑍 + 𝑍∗
2
1
𝑋= 𝑍 − 𝑍∗ • Eigenvalue (𝜆𝑛 )
2𝑗
The matrix form an Eigenvalue equation • Characteristic Currents (Jn)

𝑋 [𝐽𝑛 ] = 𝜆𝑛 𝑅 [𝐽𝑛 ] • Modal Significance
1 • Characteristic Angle
𝐸𝑛 = −𝑗𝜔𝐴𝑛 − 𝑗 𝛻(𝛻. 𝐴𝑛 )
𝜔𝜀𝜇
• Characteristic Fields (En)
𝐽= 𝑎𝑛 𝐽𝑛
𝑛
28
ANALYSIS OF MINIATURIZED MPA
29.5 mm
38 mm
MPA structure without excitation
Eigenvalue for the first mode of

the MPA structure
29
29.5 mm
38 mm
CSRR loaded MPA structure
without excitation
Eigenvalue for the first mode of

the CSRR loaded MPA structure
30
Characteristic current corresponding to the first mode
31
SUMMARY & COMPARISON
Ref. Band BW Red. G or ɳ Tech. Structure

[2] 900 MHz 10% 50% 6 dBi Material Loading Non-planar
[25] 1.24 GHz 1% 90% - Material Loading Non-planar
[4] 2.45 GHz 4% 75% 90% Shorting & Folding Non-planar

[45] 935 MHz 0.3% 75% - Slots in Patch Planar
[36] 2.45 GHz 34% 50% 70% Reshaping Patch Non-planar
[51] 1.5 GHz 7% 90% - Modification of GP Planar
[6] 2.635 GHz 1.9% 77% 67% Modification of GP Planar
[58] 2.45 GHz 0.4% 75% 28.1% MTM-inspired Non-planar

[59] 700 MHz 0.5% 60% -7.9 dBi MTM-inspired Non-planar
This 2.45 GHz* 2% 76.5% 30% MTM-inspired Planar
Work
32
OUTLINE
• Motivation
Elements
Antenna Systems
33
MIMO ANTENNA SYSTEM DESIGNS
USING THE CSRR-LOADED MPA
• Using the CSRR-loaded MPAs, MIMO antenna

systems of 2, 4 and 8 elements were designed for
various bands between 0.7 GHz – 6 GHz
• This included the antenna for LTE 700 MHz band,

ISM 2.45 GHz band, and the WiFi 5 GHz band
34
4-ELEMENT MIMO ANTENNA SYSTEM
FOR 2.4 GHZ BAND
Fabricated 4-element MIMO antenna system

(a) Top side, (b) Bottom side
Geometry of the 4-element MIMO antenna system

M. S. Sharawi, M. U. Khan, A. B. Numan and D. N. Aloi, `À CSRR loaded MIMO antenna
system for ISM band operation", IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, vol. 61,
no. 8, pp. 4265-4274, Aug. 2013.
35
FOR 2.4 GHZ BAND
• Minimum BW = 60 MHz
Reflection coefficient curves of the 4-element
• Minimum Isolation = 10 dB
MIMO antenna system
Measured isolation curves of the 4-element MIMO

antenna system 36
FOR 2.4 GHZ BAND
Current distribution of the 4-

element MIMO antenna system
when element , (a) 1 is active (Top
side) , (b) 3 is active (Top side), (c)
1 is active (Bottom side flipped ) ,
(d) 3 is active (Bottom side
flipped)
37
FOR 2.4 GHZ BAND
Radiation patterns of the 4-element MIMO

antenna system in the y-z plane.
Radiation pattern
measurements conducted at
an outdoor measurement
Radiation patterns of the 4-element MIMO facility at OU, USA.
antenna system in the x-z plane.
38
FOR 2.4 GHZ BAND
MEG, Efficiency & Correlation Coefficient

Antenna MEG MEG Radiation
Element (XPD = 0 dB) (XPD = 6 dB) Efficiency
1 -5. 44 -5. 43 29%
2 -5.65 -5.64 29%
3 -8.00 -8.00 29%
4 -8.96 -8.96 29%
Max. Correlation Coefficient 0.14
39
CHANNEL CAPACITY ESTIMATION
• The upper bound of channel capacity of a MIMO system

can be evaluated using ‘H’ matrix
𝜌
𝐶 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑑𝑒𝑡 𝐼 + 𝑁 𝐻𝐻 ∗ bits/sec/Hz
• It is of the form ;
ℎ11 ⋯ ℎ1𝑁
⋮ ⋱ ⋮
ℎ𝑁1 ⋯ ℎ𝑁𝑁
40
CHANNEL COEFFICIENT MATRIX
• The channel matrix can be evaluated by ;
– Measurements in the environment of interest
– Theoretical calculations based on the antenna radiation patterns

and assumptions of the environment
- Different models exists (e.g. Kronecker Model)
- Models try to simplify the environment and use 2D radiation
patterns
41
MEASUREMENT SETUP
• A 4 x 4 system MIMO system was implemented and measurements were

carried for indoor LOS as well as NLOS case
• SDR platforms were used to implement the 4 x 4 MIMO System
• 4-element printed MIMO antenna were connected at both ends
• Standard Monopoles were also connected for the comparison
1) M. U. Khan , W. A. Al-Saud and M. S. Sharawi,

`Ìsolation Enhancement Effect on the
Measured Channel Capacity of a Printed MIMO
Antenna System", The 8th European
Conference on Antennas and Propagation, The
Hague, The Netherlands, April 6-11, 2014.
2) M. U. Khan , W. A. Al-Saud and M. S. Sharawi,

``Channel Capacity Measurement of a 4-
Element Printed MIMO Antenna System", The
8th German Microwave Conference, Aachen,
March 10-12, 2014
42
CHANNEL CAPACITY MEASUREMENT
Rx
15 ft
Tx
Measurement Scenario in the LOS case

43
Rx
15 ft
Tx 10 ft
Measurement Scenario in the NLOS case

44
• Channel estimation pulses were sent to measure the H matrix

• 1000 realizations were carried out to find average H matrix at
a fixed location
• 25 realizations of H matrix was obtained by changing the
location of Tx and Rx
• The H matrix was normalized to remove the first order
statistics i-e path loss and to get the second order statistics i-e
channel correlation
45
CHANNEL CAPACITY RESULTS
35 35
Channel Capacity (Bits/sec/Hz)
Printed 4-element MIMO
Channel Capacity (Bits/sec/Hz)

Printed 4-element MIMO
30 4 x 4 Monopole 30 4 x 4 Monopole
Ideal 4x4 MIMO Ideal 4x4 MIMO
25 25
20 20
15 15
10 10
5
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0
SNR (dB) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
SNR (dB)
Channel Capacity in the N- Channel Capacity in the LOS

LOS environment environment
4-Element 4 Monopoles
MIMO
NLOS 8.9 12.5
bits/sec/Hz bits/sec/Hz
LOS 7.1 10 bits/sec/Hz
bits/sec/Hz 46
4 & 8-ELEMENT MIMO ANTENNA
SYSTEM FOR 5 GHZ BAND
8 mm
‘s’ = 0.5
mm
11 mm
‘d’ = 0.5 mm
4 3
‘w’=0.25
mm
5 mm
‘r’ = 2.5
mm
5 mm
2 1 1.5 mm
100 mm
100 mm
50 mm

50 mm
(a) (b)
Geometry of the 4-element MIMO antenna system

47
‘s’ = 0.5 mm
8 mm
‘d’ = 0.5 mm
11 mm
8 7 ‘w’=0.25
mm
‘r’ = 2.5 mm
6 5
5 mm
100 mm
100 mm
4 3
5 mm
2 1
1.5 mm
30 mm

50 mm 50 mm
(b)
Geometry
(a)
of the 8-element MIMO antenna system
(a) Top side, (b) Bottom side M. U. Khan and M. S. Sharawi, “A compact 8-element MIMO antenna
system for 802.11ac WLAN applications”, in the proceedings of
International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT 13), Karlsruhe,
Germany, March 4-6, 2013. 48
Reflection coefficient of the 4-

element MIMO Antenna System
Measured Isolation for the 4-

element MIMO Antenna System 49
Reflection coefficient of the 4-

element MIMO Antenna System
2D Radiation patterns of the 4-

Element MIMO Antenna System
measured at 5.04 GHz , (a) x-z plane
, (b) y-z plane [Element 1 = Black,
Element 2 =Pink, Element 3 = Blue,
Element 4 = Red]
50
2-ELEMENT MULTI-BAND MIMO ANTENNA
SYSTEM COVERING LTE 700 MHZ BAND
Fabricated 2-element MIMO Antenna system (a) Top

side, (b) Bottom side
Geometry of the 2-element MIMO Antenna system

M. U. Khan and M. S. Sharawi, `À 2 x 1 multi-band MIMO antenna
system consisting of miniaturized patch elements", Microwave &
Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 56, No. 6, pp. 1371-1375, Jun. 2014.
51
S-parameters of the 2-element MIMO Antenna system
52
Anechoic Chamber for the

antenna measurements at KAUST,
KSA.
Measured gain pattern of the proposed MIMO
antenna system (a) 750~MHz x-z plane, (b) 750~MHz
y-z plane, (c) 1170~MHz x-z plane, (d) 1170~MHz y-z
plane, (e) 1700~MHz x-z plane, (f) 1700~MHz y-z
plane, (g) 2350~MHz x-z plane, (h) 2350~MHz y-z
plane
53
MEG, Efficiency & Correlation Coefficient

Band MEG MEG Radiation Radiation Correlation
(MHz) Element 1 Element 2 Efficiency Efficiency Coefficient
(dB) (dB) Element 1 Element 2
750 -5.88 -5.67 28% 28% 0.05
1170 -7.05 -6.68 13% 14% 0.05
1700 -5.28 -5.35 21% 21% 0.01
2350 -13.13 -11.27 19% 19% 0.01
54
OUTLINE
• Motivation
Elements
Antenna Systems
55
MTM-INSPIRED ISOLATION ENHANCEMENT
FOR MIMO ANTENNA SYSTEMS
• Isolation enhancement is also an important topic of

research in the design of MIMO antenna systems
• A 10 dB isolation was achieved by antenna element

placement
• An MTM-inspired isolation enhancement technique is

also proposed which gave at least 4 dB enhancement
• It uses a split ring resonator to increase the isolation
56
SPLIT-RING RESONATOR (SRR)
• SRR is a resonant structure and

behaves as LC resonator [3],[4]
• The resonant frequency of SRR

depends on its dimensions
[A]J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins and W. J. Stewart, “Magnetism from Conductors and Enhanced Nonlinear Phenomena,” IEEE Trans.
Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 2075-2084, Nov. 1999.
[B] J. D. Baena, J. Bonache, F. Martin, R. M. Sillero, F. Falcone, T. Lopetegi, M. A. G. Laso, J. Garcia-Garcia, I. Gil, M. F. Portillo, and M. Sorolla,
“Equivalent-circuit models for split-ring resonators and complementary split-ring resonators coupled to planar transmission lines,” IEEE Trans.
Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 14511461, Apr. 2005
[C] A. Pradeep, S. Mridula, and P. Mohanan, “Design of an Edged-Coupled Dual-Ring Split-Ring Resonator,” IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., vol. 53,
no. 4, pp. 45-54, 2011.
57
4-ELEMENT MIMO ANTENNA WITH
IMPROVED ISOLATION
• The isolation was

improved by placing the
SRR between patch
elements
Geometry of the 4-element MIMO

• The dimensions of the SRR antenna with improved isolation
corresponded to the Outer radius ‘r’ 5.8 mm

Width ‘w’ 0.6 mm
resonant frequency of 2.45
Spacing ‘s’ 1.2 mm
GHz
Split ‘d’ 1 mm
58
IMPROVED ISOLATION
0
-5 S11
S22
-10 S33
S44
dB
-15 S12
S14 , S23
-20
S13 , S24
S34
-25
Fabricated 4-element MIMO antenna with
-30
2.3 2.35 2.4 2.45 2.5 2.55 2.6 2.65 2.7
improved isolation
Frequency (GHz)
Geometry of the 4-element MIMO

antenna with improved isolation
Peak Gain - 0.5 dBi

Bandwidth 60 MHz
Minimum Isolation -18 dB
59
IMPROVED ISOLATION
Surface current density on the 4-element MIMO

antenna with single element excitation
Surface current density on the 4-element MIMO

antenna with improved isolation
60
ISOLATION IMPROVEMENT IN OTHER
BANDS
Outer radius ‘r’ 2.4 mm
Width ‘w’ 0.3 mm
Spacing ‘s’ 0.7 mm
Split ‘d’ 0.5 mm
0
-5
-10
S11
-15 S22
S33
dB
-20
S44
-25 S12
-30 S14 , S23
S13 , S24
-35
S34 Geometry of the 4-element MIMO
-40 (Operating in the 5 GHz band) antenna
4.8 4.85 4.9 4.95 5 5.05 5.1 5.15 5.2
Frequency (GHz) with improved isolation
S-Parameters of the MIMO Antenna with
improved isolation operating in 5 GHz band
61
DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR THE
ISOLATION TECHNIQUE
Design the Miniaturized patch

elements based MIMO antenna for
the desired band
Calculate the dimensions of the SRR

for the resonant frequency of
antenna
Place the SRR between the radiating M. U. Khan , and M. S. Sharawi,

`Ìsolation Improvement Using an
edges of patch antenna MTM Inspired Structure with a Patch
Based MIMO Antenna System", The
8th European Conference on Antennas
and Propagation, The Hague, The
Netherlands, April 6-11, 2014.
62
SUMMARY & COMPARISON
Ref Band of Operation Elements Type No. Size (𝒎𝒎𝟑 ) Minimum Structure
Isolation (dB)
[87] 2.45, 5.4, 5.8 GHz Printed 2 90 x 35 x 0.8 10 Planar
Monopoles
[123] 2.3 GHz PIFA 2 38 x 28 x 1.6 20 Planar
[83] 2 GHz Printed 4 95 x 60 x 0.8 11.5 Planar

Monopoles
[110] 2.65 GHz MPA 3 90 x 120 x 1 28 Planar
[11] 2.45 GHz PIFA 2 120 x 120 x 18 - Non-Planar
[126] 5 GHz Printed Yagi-Uda 3 55 x 48 x 1.28 - Planar
[96] 5.2 GHz Dipoles 2 270 x 210 x 10 20 Non-Planar
[127] 750 MHz PIFA 2 110 x 55 x 4 12 Non-Planar
Proposed 1 2.45 GHz MPA 4 100 x 50 x 0.8 -18 Planar
Proposed 2 5 GHz MPA 8 100 x 50 x 0.8 -15 Planar
Proposed 3 750 MHz, 1.17, 1.7, MPA 2 120 x 60 x 0.8 -10 Planar
2.35 GHz 63
OUTLINE
• Motivation
Elements
Antenna Systems
64
CONCLUSIONS
• A novel CSRR-loaded miniaturized MPA design

technique has been developed
• The technique provides more than 80%

miniaturization in the lower LTE band, 65%
miniaturization in the 5 GHz WiFi band
• The technique is simple to implement, planar, and do

not use any lumped components
65
CONCLUSIONS
• The proposed MPA were used to design the MIMO

antenna systems operating in different bands and
their performance was fully analyzed
• System level measurements were carried out to

access the performance of the designed antennas
• An MTM-inspired isolation enhancement technique

was also proposed and applied
66
FUTURE WORK
• Improving the radiation efficiency / BW of the CSRR-

loaded MPA
• Come up with a controlled design methodology for

multi-band, efficient loaded antennas utilizing the
theory of CM.
• Analyzing the optimal antenna element placement

for a particular structure
67
PUBLICATIONS :
JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS
1) M. U. Khan, M. S. Sharawi and R. Mittra ``Microstrip Patch Antenna Miniaturization Techniques : A Review", accepted in IET
Microwave, Antennas & Propagation, December 2014.
2) M. U. Khan and M. S. Sharawi, `À dual band microstrip annular slot based MIMO antenna system", Microwave & Optical
Technology Letters, Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 360 - 364, Feb. 2015.
3) M. U. Khan and M. S. Sharawi, `À 2 x 1 multi-band MIMO antenna system consisting of miniaturized patch elements",
Microwave & Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 56, No. 6, pp. 1371-1375, Jun. 2014.
4) M. S. Sharawi, M. U. Khan, A. B. Numan and D. N. Aloi, `À CSRR loaded MIMO antenna system for ISM band operation",
IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, vol. 61, no. 8, pp. 4265-4274, Aug. 2013.
5) M. S. Sharawi, A. B. Numan, M. U. Khan and D. N. Aloi, `À dual-element dual-band MIMO antenna system with enhanced
Isolation for Mobile Terminals", IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 11, pp. 1006-1009, 2012.
PATENT
• ``CSRR Loaded Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) Antenna System," Mohammad S. Sharawi, Muhammad U. Khan and
Ahmed B. Numan (KFUPM, KSA), Filed on Sep. 2012 to USPO, Patent Pending.
PUBLICATIONS :
CONFERENCE PUBLICATIONS
1) M. U. Khan , and M. S. Sharawi, `Ànnular Slot Based Printed MIMO Antenna System Design", 2014 IEEE International
Symposium on Antenna and Propagation, Memphis, TN, USA, July 6-12, 2014.
2) M. U. Khan , W. A. Al-Saud and M. S. Sharawi, `Ìsolation Enhancement Effect on the Measured Channel Capacity of a
Printed MIMO Antenna System", The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, The Hague, The Netherlands,
April 6-11, 2014.
3) M. U. Khan , and M. S. Sharawi, `Ìsolation Improvement Using an MTM Inspired Structure with a Patch Based MIMO
Antenna System", The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, The Hague, The Netherlands, April 6-11,
2014.
4) M. U. Khan , W. A. Al-Saud and M. S. Sharawi, ``Channel Capacity Measurement of a 4-Element Printed MIMO Antenna
System", The 8th German Microwave Conference, Aachen, March 10-12, 2014.
5) M. U. Khan , M. S. Sharawi, and D. A. Aloi, “A multi-band 2 x 1 MIMO antenna system consisting of CSRR loaded patch
elements”, in the proceedings of 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Antenna and Propagation, Florida, USA, July 7-13,
2013.
6) M. U. Khan and M. S. Sharawi, “Channel capacity analysis of a novel printed MIMO antenna system in wireless mobile
environment”, in the proceedings of 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Antenna and Propagation, Florida, USA, July 7-
13, 2013.
7) M. U. Khan, M. S. Sharawi, A. Steffes, and D. N. Aloi, “ A 4-element MIMO antenna system loaded with CSRRs and patch
antenna elements”, in the proceedings of 7th European Conference on Antenna and Propagation (EuCAP 2013),
Gothenburg, Sweden , April 8-12, 2013.
8) M. U. Khan and M. S. Sharawi, “A compact 8-element MIMO antenna system for 802.11ac WLAN applications”, in the
proceedings of International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT 13), Karlsruhe, Germany, March 4-6, 2013.
THANK YOU !
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Forum for Electromagnetic Research Methods and Application Technologies (FERMAT)

Metamaterial Inspired Antenna Miniaturization for MIMO

Keywords: Metamaterial, Inspired Antenna ,Miniaturization, MIMO System Applications.

• Design MIMO Antenna Systems

• Solutions for designing compact,

• Use of Mobile Devices is on the rise

Laptops 315 302 271

• 4G-LTE standards use MIMO systems to cater for

• They can offer a theoretical 100 Mbps speed

• Antenna is an important design consideration for 4G

• Multiple antenna elements

• MIMO systems make use of the

• Due to conflicting demands of

• Front-end of any wireless MIMO system

• Conventional antenna performance metrics are not sufficient to describe and

• Initial work on MIMO antenna systems design appeared in 2005 *

MIMO antenna system designs presented in various Journals *

1. A systematic design Metamaterials(MTM)-inspired technique for

• Well analyzed, widely used

– Full wave methods

• ESAs are evaluated based on their Q

• MPA patch antenna can be miniaturized by

• Several Techniques are used in Literature for MPA

* Saman Jahani, Jalil Rashed-Mohassel, and Mahmoud Shahabadi “Miniaturization of

Miniaturization Features Advantages Disadvantages

Modification in Ground • Slots in GP • Up to 8 times • Low efficiency

to model the effect of 5

Reflection Coefficient (dB)

– radius ‘r’, -20

– width of ring ‘w’ -30

– spacing between the -40

rings ‘s’ Change in the resonant

• Babinet’s principle can be used to find the impedance of the CSRR

Resistance curves for a loop Reactance curves for a loop

Equivalent circuit model of the CSRR loaded MPA

Simulate and note the resonant

• Characteristic modes are the

• Currently, the theory is being used

The relation between E-field and the J produced on conducting body is

Above equation in Matrix form

Using the symmetry of Generalized impedance matrix

The matrix form an Eigenvalue equation • Characteristic Currents (Jn)

Eigenvalue for the first mode of

Eigenvalue for the first mode of

Characteristic current corresponding to the first mode

Ref. Band BW Red. G or ɳ Tech. Structure

[4] 2.45 GHz 4% 75% 90% Shorting & Folding Non-planar

[58] 2.45 GHz 0.4% 75% 28.1% MTM-inspired Non-planar

• Using the CSRR-loaded MPAs, MIMO antenna

• This included the antenna for LTE 700 MHz band,

Fabricated 4-element MIMO antenna system

Geometry of the 4-element MIMO antenna system

Measured isolation curves of the 4-element MIMO

Current distribution of the 4-

Radiation patterns of the 4-element MIMO

MEG, Efficiency & Correlation Coefficient

• The upper bound of channel capacity of a MIMO system

• The channel matrix can be evaluated by ;

– Measurements in the environment of interest

– Theoretical calculations based on the antenna radiation patterns

• A 4 x 4 system MIMO system was implemented and measurements were

1) M. U. Khan , W. A. Al-Saud and M. S. Sharawi,