Excel Formula Function

Functions Syntax Description
Returns the serial number of a

DATE =DATE(year,month,day) particular date
Converts a date in the form of text

DATEVALUE =DATEVALUE(date_text) to a serial number
Converts a serial number to a day

DAY =DAY(serial_number) of the month
Converts a serial number to an

HOUR =HOUR(serial_number) hour
Converts a serial number to a

MINUTE =MINUTE(serial_number) minute

MONTH =MONTH(serial_number) month
Returns the serial number of the

NOW =NOW() current date and time

SECOND =SECOND(serial_number) second
Returns the serial number of a

TIME =TIME(hour,minute,second) particular time
Converts a time in the form of text

TIMEVALUE =TIMEVALUE(time_text) to a serial number
Returns the serial number of

TODAY =TODAY() today’s date
YEAR =YEAR(serial_number) Converts a serial number to a year
Returns information about the

formatting, location, or contents of
CELL =CELL(info_type, [reference]) a cell
ISBLANK =ISBLANK(value) Returns TRUE if the value is blank
Returns TRUE if the value is any

ISERROR =ISERROR(value) error value
Returns TRUE if the value is not

ISNONTEXT =ISNONTEXT(value) text
Returns TRUE if the value is a

ISNUMBER =ISNUMBER(value) number
ISTEXT =ISTEXT(value) Returns TRUE if the value is text
Returns TRUE if all of its

AND =AND(logical1,logical2,…) arguments are TRUE
FALSE =FALSE Returns the logical value FALSE
=IF(logical_test,
[value_if_true],
IF [value_if_false]) Specifies a logical test to perform
Returns a value you specify if a

formula evaluates to an error;
=IFERROR(value, otherwise, returns the result of the
IFERROR value_if_error) formula
NOT =NOT(logical) Reverses the logic of its argument
Returns TRUE if any argument is

OR =OR(logical1,logical2,…) TRUE
TRUE =TRUE Returns the logical value TRUE
=ADDRESS(row_num,
column_num, [abs_num], Returns a reference as text to a
ADDRESS [a1], [sheet_text]) single cell in a worksheet
Returns the column number of a

COLUMN =COLUMN([reference]) reference
Returns the number of columns in

COLUMNS =COLUMNS(array) a reference
=HLOOKUP(lookup_value,tab Looks in the top row of an array

le_array,row_index_num,[ran and returns the value of the
HLOOKUP ge_lookup]) indicated cell
=INDEX(array,row_num,[colu Uses an index to choose a value

INDEX mn_num]) – 2 types from a reference or array
Returns a reference indicated by a

INDIRECT =INDIRECT(ref_text,a1) text value
=LOOKUP(lookup_value, Looks up values in a vector or

LOOKUP array) – 2 types array
=MATCH(lookup_value,looku Looks up values in a reference or

MATCH p_array,match_type) array
=OFFSET(reference,rows,cols, Returns a reference offset from a

OFFSET height,width) given reference
Returns the row number of a

ROW =ROW([reference]) reference
Returns the number of rows in a

ROWS =ROWS(array) reference
=VLOOKUP(lookup_value,tab Looks in the first column of an

le_array,col_index_num,[rang array and moves across the row to
VLOOKUP e_lookup]) return the value of a cell
Returns the absolute value of a

ABS =ABS(number) number
=PRODUCT(number1,number
PRODUCT 2,…) Multiplies its arguments
Returns a random number

RAND =RAND() between 0 and 1
=RANDBETWEEN(bottom,to Returns a random number

RANDBETWEEN p) between the numbers you specify
=ROUND(number,num_digits Rounds a number to a specified

ROUND ) number of digits
=ROUNDDOWN(number,nu Rounds a number down, toward

ROUNDDOWN m_digits) zero
=ROUNDUP(number,num_di Rounds a number up, away from

ROUNDUP gits) zero
=SUBTOTAL(function_num,r Returns a subtotal in a list or

SUBTOTAL ef1,…) database
SUM =SUM(number1,number2,…) Adds its arguments
=SUMIF(range,criteria,[sum_ Adds the cells specified by a given

SUMIF range]) criteria
=SUMIFS(sum_range,criteria Adds the cells in a range that meet

SUMIFS _range,criteria,…) multiple criteria
=SUMPRODUCT(array1,array Returns the sum of the products of

SUMPRODUCT 2,[array3],…) corresponding array components
=AVERAGE(number1,number Returns the average of its

AVERAGE 2,…) arguments
Returns the average (arithmetic

=AVERAGEIF(range,criteria,[ mean) of all the cells in a range
AVERAGEIF average_range]) that meet a given criteria
Counts how many numbers are in

COUNT =COUNT(value1,value2,…) the list of arguments
Counts how many values are in the

COUNTA =COUNTA(value1,value2,…) list of arguments
Counts the number of blank cells

COUNTBLANK =COUNTBLANK(range) within a range
Counts the number of cells within

COUNTIF =COUNTIF(range,criteria) a range that meet the given criteria
=COUNTIFS(criteria_range,cr Counts the number of cells within

COUNTIFS iteria,…) a range that meet multiple criteria
Returns the maximum value in a

MAX =MAX(number1,number2,…) list of arguments
=MEDIAN(number1,number2, Returns the median of the given

MEDIAN …) numbers
Returns the minimum value in a

MIN =MIN(number1,number2,…) list of arguments
Joins several text items into one

=CONCATENATE(text1,text2, text item. Easier to use ‘&’ instead
CONCATENATE …) of the function usually.
Checks to see if two text values are

EXACT =EXACT(text1,text2) identical
=FIND(find_text,within_text, Finds one text value within

FIND start_num) another (case-sensitive)
Returns the leftmost characters

LEFT =LEFT(text,num_chars) from a text value
Returns the number of characters

LEN =LEN(text) in a text string
LOWER =LOWER(text) Converts text to lowercase
Returns a specific number of

=MID(text,start_num,num_ch characters from a text string
MID ars) starting at the position you specify
Capitalizes the first letter in each

PROPER =PROPER(text) word of a text value
=REPLACE(old_text,start_nu
REPLACE m,num_chars,new_text) Replaces characters within text
Returns the rightmost characters

RIGHT =RIGHT(text,num_chars) from a text value
=SEARCH(find_text,within_te Finds one text value within

SEARCH xt,start_num) another (not case-sensitive)
Formats a number and converts it

TEXT =TEXT(value,format_text) to text
TRIM =TRIM(text) Removes spaces from text
UPPER =UPPER(text) Converts text to uppercase
Extracts from a database a single

record that matches the specified
DGET =DGET(database,field,criteria) criteria
Adds the numbers in the field

=DSUM(database,field,criteria column of records in the database
DSUM ) that match the criteria
Calculates the number of days

=DAYS360(start_date,end_da between two dates based on a 360-
DAYS360 te,method) day year

EDATE =EDATE(start_date,months) date that is the indicated number
of months before or after the start

date

=EOMONTH(start_date,mont last day of the month before or
EOMONTH hs) after a specified number of months
=NETWORKDAYS(start_date, Returns the number of whole

NETWORKDAYS end_date,[holidays]) workdays between two dates
Returns the number of whole

=NETWORKDAYS.INTL(start workdays between two dates using
NETWORKDAYS.IN _date,end_date,[weekend],[ho parameters to indicate which and
TL lidays]) how many days are weekend days
=WEEKDAY(serial_number,[r Converts a serial number to a day

WEEKDAY eturn_type]) of the week

=WEEKNUM(serial_number,[ number representing where the
WEEKNUM return_type]) week falls numerically with a year

=WORKDAY(start_date, days, date before or after a specified
WORKDAY [holidays]) number of workdays

date before or after a specified
number of workdays using
=WORKDAY.INTL(start_date, parameters to indicate which and
WORKDAY.INTL days,weekend,holidays) how many days are weekend days
Returns the year fraction

representing the number of whole
=YEARFRAC(start_date,end_ days between start_date and
YEARFRAC date,basis) end_date
=CONVERT(number,from_un Converts a number from one

CONVERT it,to_unit) measurement system to another
DELTA =DELTA(number1,number2) Tests whether two values are equal
=ERF(lower_limit,upper_limi
ERF t) Returns the error function
Returns the complementary error

ERFC =ERFC(x) function
Tests whether a number is greater

GESTEP =GESTEP(number,step) than a threshold value
=AMORDEGRC(cost,date_pur Returns the depreciation for each

chased,first_period,salvage,pe accounting period by using a
AMORDEGRC riod,rate,basis) depreciation coefficient
=AMORLINC(cost,date_purch
ased,first_period,salvage,perio Returns the depreciation for each
AMORLINC d,rate,basis) accounting period
Converts a dollar price, expressed

=DOLLARDE(fractional_dolla as a fraction, into a dollar price,
DOLLARDE r,fraction) expressed as a decimal number
Converts a dollar price, expressed

=DOLLARFR(decimal_dollar,f as a decimal number, into a dollar
DOLLARFR raction) price, expressed as a fraction
Returns the straight-line

depreciation of an asset for one
SLN =SLN(cost,salvage,life) period
Returns the sum-of-years’ digits

depreciation of an asset for a
SYD =SYD(cost,salvage,life,per) specified period
Returns a number corresponding

ERROR.TYPE =ERROR.TYPE(error_val) to an error type
Returns information about the

INFO =INFO(type_text) current operating environment
Returns TRUE if the value is any

ISERR =ISERR(value) error value except #N/A
Returns TRUE if the number is

ISEVEN =ISEVEN(number) even

ISLOGICAL =ISLOGICAL(value) logical value
Returns TRUE if the value is the

ISNA =ISNA(value) #N/A error value
Returns TRUE if the number is

ISODD =ISODD(number) odd

ISREF =ISREF(value) reference
Returns a value converted to a

N =N(value) number
NA =NA() Returns the error value #N/A

Returns a number indicating the

TYPE =TYPE(value) data type of a value
=CHOOSE(index_num,value1, Chooses a value from a list of

CHOOSE value2,…) values
=GETPIVOTDATA(data_field, Returns data stored in a

GETPIVOTDATA pivot_table,field,item,…) PivotTable report
Creates a shortcut or jump that

opens a document stored on a
=HYPERLINK(link_location,f network server, an intranet, or the
HYPERLINK riendly_name) Internet
TRANSPOSE =TRANSPOSE(array) Returns the transpose of an array
Rounds a number to the nearest

=CEILING(number,significanc integer or to the nearest multiple
CEILING e) of significance
Rounds a number the nearest

integer or to the nearest multiple
of significance. Regardless of the
=CEILING.PRECISE(number, sign of the number, the number is
CEILING.PRECISE significance) rounded up.
Rounds a number up to the nearest

EVEN =EVEN(number) even integer
Returns e raised to the power of a

EXP =EXP(number) given number
FACT =FACT(number) Returns the factorial of a number

=FLOOR(number,significance Rounds a number down, toward

FLOOR ) zero
Rounds a number the nearest

integer or to the nearest multiple
of significance. Regardless of the
=FLOOR.PRECISE(number,si sign of the number, the number is
FLOOR.PRECISE gnificance) rounded up.
Returns the greatest common

GCD =GCD(number1,number2,…) divisor
Rounds a number down to the

INT =INT(number) nearest integer
Returns a number that is rounded

=ISO.CEILING(number,signifi up to the nearest integer or to the
ISO.CEILING cance) nearest multiple of significance
Returns the least common

LCM =LCM(number1,number2,…) multiple
Returns the remainder from

MOD =MOD(number,divisor) division
Returns a number rounded to the

MROUND =MROUND(number,multiple) desired multiple
Rounds a number up to the nearest

ODD =ODD(number) odd integer
PI =PI() Returns the value of pi

Returns the result of a number

POWER =POWER(number,power) raised to a power
=QUOTIENT(numerator,deno Returns the integer portion of a

QUOTIENT minator) division
=SERIESSUM(x,n,m,coefficie Returns the sum of a power series

SERIESSUM nts) based on the formula
SIGN =SIGN(number) Returns the sign of a number
SQRT =SQRT(number) Returns a positive square root
=SUMSQ(number1,number2, Returns the sum of the squares of

SUMSQ …) the arguments
=TRUNC(number,num_digits
TRUNC ) Truncates a number to an integer
Returns the average of its

=AVERAGEA(value1,value2,… arguments, including numbers,
AVERAGEA ) text, and logical values
Returns the average (arithmetic

=AVERAGEIFS(average_rang mean) of all cells that meet
AVERAGEIFS e,criteria_range,criteria,…) multiple criteria.
=GEOMEAN(number1,numbe
GEOMEAN r2,…) Returns the geometric mean
=INTERCEPT(known_y’s,kno Returns the intercept of the linear

INTERCEPT wn_x’s) regression line
Returns the k-th largest value in a

LARGE =LARGE(array,k) data set
=LINEST(known_y’s,known_ Returns the parameters of a linear

LINEST x’s,const,stats) trend
=LOGEST(known_y’s,known_ Returns the parameters of an

LOGEST x’s,const,stats) exponential trend
Returns the maximum value in a

list of arguments, including
MAXA =MAXA(value1,value2,…) numbers, text, and logical values
Returns the smallest value in a list

of arguments, including numbers,
MINA =MINA(value1,value2,…) text, and logical values
Returns a vertical array of the most

=MODE.MULT(number1,num frequently occurring, or repetitive
MODE.MULT ber2,…) values in an array or range of data
=MODE.SNGL(number1,num Returns the most common value in

MODE.SNGL ber2,…) a data set
=PROB(x_range,prob_range,l Returns the probability that values

PROB ower_limit,upper_limit) in a range are between two limits
=RANK.AVG(number,ref,orde Returns the rank of a number in a

RANK.AVG r) list of numbers
Returns the rank of a number in a

RANK.EQ =RANK.EQ(number,ref,order) list of numbers
Returns the skewness of a

SKEW =SKEW(number1,number2,…) distribution
=SLOPE(known_y’s,known_x’ Returns the slope of the linear

SLOPE s) regression line
Returns the k-th smallest value in

SMALL =SMALL(array,k) a data set
=STANDARDIZE(x,mean,stan
STANDARDIZE dard_dev) Returns a normalized value
=TREND(known_y’s,known_x
TREND ’s,new_x’s,const) Returns values along a linear trend
Returns the character specified by

CHAR =CHAR(number) the code number
Removes all nonprintable

CLEAN =CLEAN(text) characters from text
Returns a numeric code for the

CODE =CODE(text) first character in a text string
Converts a number to text, using

DOLLAR =DOLLAR(number,decimals) the $ (dollar) currency format
=FIXED(number,decimals,no Formats a number as text with a

FIXED _commas) fixed number of decimals
Extracts the phonetic (furigana)

PHONETIC =PHONETIC(reference) characters from a text string
Repeats text a given number of

REPT =REPT(text,number_times) times
=SUBSTITUTE(text,old_text,n Substitutes new text for old text in

SUBSTITUTE ew_text,instance_num) a text string
T =T(value) Converts its arguments to text
Converts a text argument to a

VALUE =VALUE(text) number
=BINOMDIST(number_s,trial Returns the individual term

BINOMDIST s,probability_s,cumulative) binomial distribution probability
Returns the one-tailed probability

CHIDIST =CHIDIST(x,deg_freedom) of the chi-squared distribution
Returns the inverse of the one-

=CHIINV(probability,deg_free tailed probability of the chi-
CHIINV dom) squared distribution
=CHITEST(actual_range,expe
CHITEST cted_range) Returns the test for independence
=CONFIDENCE(alpha,standar Returns the confidence interval for

CONFIDENCE d_dev,size) a population mean
FTEST =FTEST(array1,array2)
=LOGINV(probability,mean,st Returns the inverse of the

LOGINV andard_dev) lognormal cumulative distribution
=LOGNORMDIST(x,mean,sta Returns the cumulative lognormal

LOGNORMDIST ndard_dev) distribution
=MODE(number1,number2,… Returns the most common value in

MODE ) a data set
=NORMDIST(x,mean,standar Returns the normal cumulative

NORMDIST d_dev,cumulative) distribution
=NORMINV(probability,mean Returns the inverse of the normal

NORMINV ,standard_dev) cumulative distribution
Returns the standard normal

NORMSDIST =NORMSDIST(z) cumulative distribution
Returns the inverse of the standard

NORMSINV =NORMSINV(probability) normal cumulative distribution
Returns the k-th percentile of

PERCENTILE =PERCENTILE(array,k) values in a range
=PERCENTRANK(array,x,sign Returns the percentage rank of a

PERCENTRANK ificance) value in a data set
=POISSON(x,mean,cumulativ
POISSON e) Returns the Poisson distribution
QUARTILE =QUARTILE(array,quart) Returns the quartile of a data set
Returns the rank of a number in a

RANK =RANK(number,ref,order) list of numbers
=STDEV(number1,number2,… Estimates standard deviation

STDEV ) based on a sample
=STDEVP(number1,number2, Calculates standard deviation

STDEVP …) based on the entire population
Returns the Student’s t-

TDIST =TDIST(x,deg_freedom,tails) distribution
=TINV(probability,deg_freedo Returns the inverse of the

TINV m) Student’s t-distribution
Estimates variance based on a

VAR =VAR(number1,number2,…) sample
Calculates variance based on the

VARP =VARP(number1,number2,…) entire population
=DAVERAGE(database,field,c Returns the average of selected

DAVERAGE riteria) database entries
=DCOUNT(database,field,crite Counts the cells that contain

DCOUNT ria) numbers in a database
=DCOUNTA(database,field,cri Counts nonblank cells in a

DCOUNTA teria) database
=DMAX(database,field,criteria Returns the maximum value from

DMAX ) selected database entries
=DMIN(database,field,criteria Returns the minimum value from

DMIN ) selected database entries
Multiplies the values in a

=DPRODUCT(database,field,c particular field of records that
DPRODUCT riteria) match the criteria in a database
Estimates the standard deviation

=DSTDEV(database,field,crite based on a sample of selected
DSTDEV ria) database entries
Calculates the standard deviation

=DSTDEVP(database,field,crit based on the entire population of
DSTDEVP eria) selected database entries

=DVAR(database,field,criteria sample from selected database
DVAR ) entries

=DVARP(database,field,criteri entire population of selected
DVARP a) database entries
ERF.PRECISE =ERF.PRECISE(X) Returns the error function
Returns the complementary ERF

function integrated between x and
ERFC.PRECISE =ERFC.PRECISE(X) infinity
Returns the depreciation of an

asset for a specified period by
=DB(cost,salvage,life,period,m using the fixed-declining balance
DB onth) method

asset for a specified period by
using the double-declining balance
=DDB(cost,salvage,life,period, method or some other method that
DDB factor) you specify
=EFFECT(nominal_rate,npery Returns the effective annual

EFFECT ) interest rate
Returns the future value of an

FV =FV(rate,nper,pmt,pv,type) investment
=IPMT(rate,per,nper,pv,fv,typ Returns the interest payment for

IPMT e) an investment for a given period
Returns the internal rate of return

IRR =IRR(values,guess) for a series of cash flows

where positive and negative cash
=MIRR(values,finance_rate,re flows are financed at different
MIRR invest_rate) rates
=NOMINAL(effect_rate,npery Returns the annual nominal

NOMINAL ) interest rate
Returns the number of periods for

NPER =NPER(rate,pmt,pv,fv,type) an investment
Returns the net present value of an

investment based on a series of
periodic cash flows and a discount
NPV =NPV(rate,value1,value2,…) rate
Returns the present value of an

PV =PV(rate,nper,pmt,fv,type) investment
=RATE(nper,pmt,pv,fv,type,gu Returns the interest rate per

RATE ess) period of an annuity
=YIELD(settlement,maturity,r
ate,pr,redemption,frequency,b Returns the yield on a security that
YIELD asis) pays periodic interest
Returns the number of areas in a

AREAS =AREAS(reference) reference
Retrieves real-time data from a

program that supports COM
automation (Automation: A way to
work with an application’s objects
from another application or
development tool. Formerly called
OLE Automation, Automation is
an industry standard and a feature
=RTD(progID,server,topic1,to of the Component Object Model
RTD pic2,…) (COM).)
=AGGREGATE(function_num Returns an aggregate in a list or

AGGREGATE ,options,array,k) database
Returns the number of

=COMBIN(number,number_c combinations for a given number
COMBIN hosen) of objects
COS =COS(number) Returns the cosine of a number
Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a

COSH =COSH(number) number
Returns the double factorial of a

FACTDOUBLE =FACTDOUBLE(number) number
Returns the natural logarithm of a

LN =LN(number) number
Returns the logarithm of a number

LOG =LOG(number,base) to a specified base
Returns the base-10 logarithm of a

LOG10 =LOG10(number) number
=MULTINOMIAL(number1,n Returns the multinomial of a set of

MULTINOMIAL umber2,…) numbers
SIN =SIN(number) Returns the sine of the given angle
Returns the hyperbolic sine of a

SINH =SINH(number) number
Returns the sum of the difference

=SUMX2MY2(array_x,array_ of squares of corresponding values
SUMX2MY2 y) in two arrays
Returns the sum of the sum of

=SUMX2PY2(array_x,array_y squares of corresponding values in
SUMX2PY2 ) two arrays
Returns the sum of squares of

differences of corresponding
SUMXMY2 =SUMXMY2(array_x,array_y) values in two arrays
TAN =TAN(number) Returns the tangent of a number
Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a

TANH =TANH(number) number
Returns the inverse of the standard

NORM.S.INV =NORM.S.INV(probability) normal cumulative distribution
Returns the average of the absolute

=AVEDEV(number1,number2, deviations of data points from
AVEDEV …) their mean
=BETA.DIST(x,alpha,beta,cu Returns the beta cumulative

BETA.DIST mulative,A,B) distribution function
Returns the inverse of the

=BETA.INV(probability,alpha, cumulative distribution function
BETA.INV beta,A,B) for a specified beta distribution
=BINOM.DIST(number_s,tria Returns the individual term

BINOM.DIST ls,probability_s,cumulative) binomial distribution probability
Returns the smallest value for

which the cumulative binomial
=BINOM.INV(trials,probabilit distribution is less than or equal to
BINOM.INV y_s,alpha) a criterion value
=CHISQ.DIST(x,deg_freedom, Returns the cumulative beta

CHISQ.DIST cumulative) probability density function
=CHISQ.DIST.RT(x,deg_freed Returns the one-tailed probability

CHISQ.DIST.RT om) of the chi-squared distribution
=CHISQ.INV(probability,deg_ Returns the cumulative beta

CHISQ.INV freedom) probability density function
Returns the inverse of the one-

=CHISQ.INV.RT(probability,d tailed probability of the chi-
CHISQ.INV.RT eg_freedom) squared distribution
=CHISQ.TEST(actual_range,e
CHISQ.TEST xpected_range) Returns the test for independence
CONFIDENCE.NOR =CONFIDENCE.NORM(alpha, Returns the confidence interval for

M standard_dev,size) a population mean
Returns the confidence interval for

=CONFIDENCE.T(alpha,stand a population mean, using a
CONFIDENCE.T ard_dev,size) Student’s t distribution
Returns the correlation coefficient

CORREL =CORREL(array1,array2) between two data sets
=COVARIANCE.P(array1,arra Returns covariance, the average of

COVARIANCE.P y2) the products of paired deviations
Returns the sample covariance, the

average of the products deviations
=COVARIANCE.S(array1,array for each data point pair in two data
COVARIANCE.S 2) sets
=DEVSQ(number1,number2,… Returns the sum of squares of

DEVSQ ) deviations
=EXPON.DIST(x,lambda,cum Returns the exponential

EXPON.DIST ulative) distribution
=F.DIST(x,deg_freedom1,deg Returns the F probability

F.DIST _freedom2,cumulative) distribution
=F.DIST.RT(x,deg_freedom1,d Returns the F probability

F.DIST.RT eg_freedom2) distribution
=F.INV(probability,deg_freed Returns the inverse of the F

F.INV om1,deg_freedom2) probability distribution
=F.INV.RT(probability,deg_fr Returns the inverse of the F

F.INV.RT eedom1,deg_freedom2) probability distribution
F.TEST =F.TEST(array1,array2) Returns the result of an F-test
=FINV(probability,deg_freedo Returns the inverse of the F

FINV m1,deg_freedom2) probability distribution
FISHER =FISHER(x) Returns the Fisher transformation
Returns the inverse of the Fisher

FISHERINV =FISHERINV(y) transformation
=FORECAST(x,known_y’s,kno Returns a value along a linear

FORECAST wn_x’s) trend
=FREQUENCY(data_array,bin Returns a frequency distribution

FREQUENCY s_array) as a vertical array
=GAMMA.DIST(x,alpha,beta,c
GAMMA.DIST umulative) Returns the gamma distribution
=GAMMA.INV(probability,alp Returns the inverse of the gamma

GAMMA.INV ha,beta) cumulative distribution
Returns the natural logarithm of

GAMMALN =GAMMALN(x) the gamma function, Γ(x)
GAMMALN.PRECIS Returns the natural logarithm of

E =GAMMALN.PRECISE(x) the gamma function, Γ(x)
=GROWTH(known_y’s,known Returns values along an

GROWTH _x’s,new_x’s,const) exponential trend
=HARMEAN(number1,numbe
HARMEAN r2,…) Returns the harmonic mean
=HYPGEOM.DIST(sample_s,
number_sample,population_s, Returns the hypergeometric
HYPGEOM.DIST number_pop,cumulative) distribution
KURT =KURT(number1,number2,…) Returns the kurtosis of a data set
=LOGNORM.DIST(x,mean,sta Returns the cumulative lognormal

LOGNORM.DIST ndard_dev,cumulative) distribution
=LOGNORM.INV(probability, Returns the inverse of the

LOGNORM.INV mean,standard_dev) lognormal cumulative distribution
=NEGBINOM.DIST(number_f
,number_s,probability_s,cum Returns the negative binomial
NEGBINOM.DIST ulative) distribution
=NORM.DIST(x,mean,standar Returns the normal cumulative

NORM.DIST d_dev,cumulative) distribution
=NORM.INV(probability,mea Returns the inverse of the normal

NORM.INV n,standard_dev) cumulative distribution
Returns the standard normal

NORM.S.DIST =NORM.S.DIST(z,cumulative) cumulative distribution
Returns the Pearson product

PEARSON =PEARSON(array1,array2) moment correlation coefficient

values in a range, where k is in the
PERCENTILE.EXC =PERCENTILE.EXC(array,k) range 0..1, exclusive

PERCENTILE.INC =PERCENTILE.INC(array,k) values in a range
Returns the rank of a value in a

PERCENTRANK.EX =PERCENTRANK.EXC(array, data set as a percentage (0..1,
C x,significance) exclusive) of the data set
PERCENTRANK.IN =PERCENTRANK.INC(array,x Returns the percentage rank of a

C ,significance) value in a data set
Returns the number of

=PERMUT(number,number_c permutations for a given number
PERMUT hosen) of objects
=POISSON.DIST(x,mean,cum
POISSON.DIST ulative) Returns the Poisson distribution
Returns the quartile of the data

=QUARTILE.EXC(array,quart set, based on percentile values
QUARTILE.EXC ) from 0..1, exclusive
QUARTILE.INC =QUARTILE.INC(array,quart) Returns the quartile of a data set
Returns the square of the Pearson

product moment correlation
RSQ =RSQ(known_y’s,known_x’s) coefficient
=STDEV.P(number1,number2, Calculates standard deviation

STDEV.P …) based on the entire population
=STDEV.S(number1,number2, Estimates standard deviation

STDEV.S …) based on a sample
Estimates standard deviation

based on a sample, including
STDEVA =STDEVA(value1,value2,…) numbers, text, and logical values
Calculates standard deviation

based on the entire population,
including numbers, text, and
STDEVPA =STDEVPA(value1,value2,…) logical values
Returns the standard error of the

=STEYX(known_y’s,known_x’ predicted y-value for each x in the
STEYX s) regression
Returns the Percentage Points

=T.DIST(x,deg_freedom,cumu (probability) for the Student t-
T.DIST lative) distribution
Returns the Percentage Points

(probability) for the Student t-
T.DIST.2T =T.DIST.2T(x,deg_freedom) distribution
Returns the Student’s t-

T.DIST.RT =T.DIST.RT(x,deg_freedom) distribution
Returns the t-value of the

Student’s t-distribution as a
=T.INV(probability,deg_freed function of the probability and the
T.INV om) degrees of freedom
=T.INV.2T(probability,deg_fre Returns the inverse of the

T.INV.2T edom) Student’s t-distribution
=T.TEST(array1,array2,tails,ty Returns the probability associated

T.TEST pe) with a Student’s t-test
Returns the mean of the interior of

TRIMMEAN =TRIMMEAN(array,percent) a data set

VAR.P =VAR.P(number1,number2,…) entire population

VAR.S =VAR.S(number1,number2,…) sample

sample, including numbers, text,
VARA =VARA(value1,value2,…) and logical values

entire population, including
VARPA =VARPA(value1,value2,…) numbers, text, and logical values
=WEIBULL.DIST(x,alpha,beta
WEIBULL.DIST ,cumulative) Returns the Weibull distribution
Returns the one-tailed probability-

Z.TEST =Z.TEST(array,x,sigma) value of a z-test
Changes full-width (double-byte)

English letters or katakana within
a character string to half-width
ASC =ASC(text) (single-byte) characters
Returns the beta cumulative

BETADIST =BETADIST(x,alpha,beta,A,B) distribution function
Returns the inverse of the

=BETAINV(probability,alpha, cumulative distribution function
BETAINV beta,A,B) for a specified beta distribution
Returns covariance, the average of

COVAR =COVAR(array1,array2) the products of paired deviations
Returns the smallest value for

which the cumulative binomial
=CRITBINOM(trials,probabilit distribution is less than or equal to
CRITBINOM y_s,alpha) a criterion value
=EXPONDIST(x,lambda,cumu Returns the exponential

EXPONDIST lative) distribution
=FDIST(x,deg_freedom1,deg_ Returns the F probability

FDIST freedom2) distribution
=GAMMADIST(x,alpha,beta,c
GAMMADIST umulative) Returns the gamma distribution
=GAMMAINV(probability,alp Returns the inverse of the gamma

GAMMAINV ha,beta) cumulative distribution
=HYPGEOMDIST(sample_s,n
umber_sample,population_s,n Returns the hypergeometric
HYPGEOMDIST umber_pop) distribution
=NEGBINOMDIST(number_f, Returns the negative binomial

NEGBINOMDIST number_s,probability_s) distribution
=TTEST(array1,array2,tails,ty Returns the probability associated

TTEST pe) with a Student’s t-test

=WEIBULL(x,alpha,beta,cum entire population, including
WEIBULL ulative) numbers, text, and logical values
Returns the one-tailed probability-

ZTEST =ZTEST(array,x,sigma) value of a z-test
Returns the modified Bessel

BESSELI =BESSELI(x,n) function In(x)
BESSELJ =BESSELJ(x,n) Returns the Bessel function Jn(x)
Returns the modified Bessel

BESSELK =BESSELK(x,n) function Kn(x)
BESSELY =BESSELY(x,n) Returns the Bessel function Yn(x)
Converts a binary number to

BIN2DEC =BIN2DEC(number) decimal
Converts a binary number to

BIN2HEX =BIN2HEX(number,places) hexadecimal
BIN2OCT =BIN2OCT(number,places) Converts a binary number to octal
=COMPLEX(real_num,i_num Converts real and imaginary

COMPLEX ,suffix) coefficients into a complex number
Converts a decimal number to

DEC2BIN =DEC2BIN(number,places) binary

DEC2HEX =DEC2HEX(number,places) hexadecimal

DEC2OCT =DEC2OCT(number,places) octal
Converts a hexadecimal number to

HEX2BIN =HEX2BIN(number,places) binary

HEX2DEC =HEX2DEC(number) decimal

HEX2OCT =HEX2OCT(number,places) octal
Returns the absolute value

IMABS =IMABS(inumber) (modulus) of a complex number
Returns the imaginary coefficient

IMAGINARY =IMAGINARY(inumber) of a complex number
Returns the argument theta, an

IMARGUMENT =IMARGUMENT(inumber) angle expressed in radians
Returns the complex conjugate of a

IMCONJUGATE =IMCONJUGATE(inumber) complex number
Returns the cosine of a complex

IMCOS =IMCOS(inumber) number
Returns the quotient of two

IMDIV =IMDIV(inumber1,inumber2) complex numbers
Returns the exponential of a

IMEXP =IMEXP(inumber) complex number
Returns the natural logarithm of a

IMLN =IMLN(inumber) complex number

IMLOG10 =IMLOG10(inumber) complex number

IMLOG2 =IMLOG2(inumber) complex number
=IMPOWER(inumber,number Returns a complex number raised

IMPOWER ) to an integer power
=IMPRODUCT(inumber1,inu Returns the product of complex

IMPRODUCT mber2,…) numbers
Returns the real coefficient of a

IMREAL =IMREAL(inumber) complex number
Returns the sine of a complex

IMSIN =IMSIN(inumber) number
Returns the square root of a

IMSQRT =IMSQRT(inumber) complex number
Returns the difference between

IMSUB =IMSUB(inumber1,inumber2) two complex numbers
=IMSUM(inumber1,inumber2, Returns the sum of complex

IMSUM …) numbers
Converts an octal number to

OCT2BIN =OCT2BIN(number,places) binary

OCT2DEC =OCT2DEC(number) decimal

OCT2HEX =OCT2HEX(number,places) hexadecimal
=ACCRINT(issue,first_interes
t,settlement,rate,par,frequency Returns the accrued interest for a
ACCRINT ,basis,calc_method) security that pays periodic interest
Returns the accrued interest for a

=ACCRINTM(issue,settlement security that pays interest at
ACCRINTM ,rate,par,basis) maturity
Returns the number of days from

=COUPDAYBS(settlement,mat the beginning of the coupon period
COUPDAYBS urity,frequency,basis) to the settlement date
Returns the number of days in the

=COUPDAYS(settlement,matu coupon period that contains the
COUPDAYS rity,frequency,basis) settlement date
Returns the number of days from

=COUPDAYSNC(settlement,m the settlement date to the next
COUPDAYSNC aturity,frequency,basis) coupon date
=COUPNCD(settlement,matur Returns the next coupon date after

COUPNCD ity,frequency,basis) the settlement date
Returns the number of coupons

=COUPNUM(settlement,matu payable between the settlement
COUPNUM rity,frequency,basis) date and maturity date
=COUPPCD(settlement,maturi Returns the previous coupon date

COUPPCD ty,frequency,basis) before the settlement date
=CUMIPMT(rate,nper,pv,start Returns the cumulative interest

CUMIPMT _period,end_period,type) paid between two periods
=CUMPRINC(rate,nper,pv,sta Returns the cumulative principal

CUMPRINC rt_period,end_period,type) paid on a loan between two periods
=DISC(settlement,maturity,pr, Returns the discount rate for a

DISC redemption,basis) security
=DURATION(settlement,matu Returns the annual duration of a

rity,coupon,yld,frequency,basi security with periodic interest
DURATION s) payments
Returns the future value of an

=FVSCHEDULE(principal,sch initial principal after applying a
FVSCHEDULE edule) series of compound interest rates
=INTRATE(settlement,maturit
y,investment,redemption,basis Returns the interest rate for a fully
INTRATE ) invested security
Calculates the interest paid during

ISPMT =ISPMT(rate,per,nper,pv) a specific period of an investment
=MDURATION(settlement,ma Returns the Macauley modified

turity,coupon,yld,frequency,ba duration for a security with an
MDURATION sis) assumed par value of $100
=ODDFPRICE(settlement,mat Returns the price per $100 face

urity,issue,first_coupon,rate,yl value of a security with an odd first
ODDFPRICE d,redemption,frequency,basis) period
=ODDFYIELD(settlement,mat
urity,issue,first_coupon,rate,p Returns the yield of a security with
ODDFYIELD r,redemption,frequency,basis) an odd first period
=ODDLPRICE(settlement,mat Returns the price per $100 face

urity,last_interest,rate,yld,red value of a security with an odd last
ODDLPRICE emption,frequency,basis) period
=ODDLYIELD(settlement,mat
urity,last_interest,rate,pr,rede Returns the yield of a security with
ODDLYIELD mption,frequency,basis) an odd last period
Returns the periodic payment for

PMT =PMT(rate,nper,pv,fv,type) an annuity
Returns the payment on the

=PPMT(rate,per,nper,pv,fv,typ principal for an investment for a
PPMT e) given period
=PRICE(settlement,maturity,r Returns the price per $100 face

ate,yld,redemption,frequency, value of a security that pays
PRICE basis) periodic interest
=PRICEDISC(settlement,matu
rity,discount,redemption,basis Returns the price per $100 face
PRICEDISC ) value of a discounted security
Returns the price per $100 face

=PRICEMAT(settlement,matu value of a security that pays
PRICEMAT rity,issue,rate,yld,basis) interest at maturity
Returns the amount received at

=RECEIVED(settlement,matu maturity for a fully invested
RECEIVED rity,investment,discount,basis) security
=TBILLEQ(settlement,maturit Returns the bond-equivalent yield

TBILLEQ y,discount) for a Treasury bill
=TBILLPRICE(settlement,mat Returns the price per $100 face

TBILLPRICE urity,discount) value for a Treasury bill
=TBILLYIELD(settlement,mat Returns the yield for a Treasury

TBILLYIELD urity,pr) bill

=VDB(cost,salvage,life,start_p asset for a specified or partial
eriod,end_period,factor,no_s period by using a declining balance
VDB witch) method

for a schedule of cash flows that is
XIRR =XIRR(values,dates,guess) not necessarily periodic
Returns the net present value for a

schedule of cash flows that is not
XNPV =XNPV(rate,values,dates) necessarily periodic
Returns the annual yield for a

=YIELDDISC(settlement,matu discounted security; for example, a
YIELDDISC rity,pr,redemption,basis) Treasury bill
Returns the annual yield of a

=YIELDMAT(settlement,matu security that pays interest at
YIELDMAT rity,issue,rate,pr,basis) maturity
ACOS =ACOS(number) Returns the arccosine of a number
Returns the inverse hyperbolic

ACOSH =ACOSH(number) cosine of a number
ASIN =ASIN(number) Returns the arcsine of a number


ASINH =ASINH(number) sine of a number
Returns the arctangent of a

ATAN =ATAN(number) number
Returns the arctangent from x-

ATAN2 =ATAN2(x_num,y_num) and y-coordinates

ATANH =ATANH(number) tangent of a number
DEGREES =DEGREES(angle) Converts radians to degrees
Returns the matrix determinant of

MDETERM =MDETERM(array) an array
Returns the matrix inverse of an

MINVERSE =MINVERSE(array) array
Returns the matrix product of two

MMULT =MMULT(array1,array2) arrays
RADIANS =RADIANS(angle) Converts degrees to radians
Converts an arabic numeral to

ROMAN =ROMAN(number,form) roman, as text
Returns the square root of

SQRTPI =SQRTPI(number) (number * pi)
Converts a number to text, using

BAHTTEXT =BAHTTEXT(number) the ß (baht) currency format
Returns a key performance

indicator (KPI) name, property,
and measure, and displays the
name and property in the cell. A
KPI is a quantifiable measurement,
such as monthly gross profit or
=CUBEKPIMEMBER(connecti quarterly employee turnover, used
on,kpi_name,kpi_property,ca to monitor an organization’s
CUBEKPIMEMBER ption) performance.
Returns a member or tuple in a

cube hierarchy. Use to validate
=CUBEMEMBER(connection, that the member or tuple exists in
CUBEMEMBER member_expression,caption) the cube.
Returns the value of a member

property in the cube. Use to
validate that a member name
=CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY( exists within the cube and to
CUBEMEMBERPR connection,member_expressio return the specified property for
OPERTY n,property) this member.
Returns the nth, or ranked,

member in a set. Use to return one
=CUBERANKEDMEMBER(co or more elements in a set, such as
CUBERANKEDME nnection,set_expression,rank, the top sales performer or top 10
MBER caption) students.
Defines a calculated set of

members or tuples by sending a set
expression to the cube on the
=CUBESET(connection,set_ex server, which creates the set, and
pression,caption,sort_order,so then returns that set to Microsoft
CUBESET rt_by) Office Excel.
Returns the number of items in a

CUBESETCOUNT =CUBESETCOUNT(set) set.
=CUBEVALUE(connection,me Returns an aggregated value from

CUBEVALUE mber_expression1,…) a cube.

Excel Formula Function

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Functions Syntax Description

Returns the serial number of a

Converts a date in the form of text

Converts a serial number to a day

Converts a serial number to an

Converts a serial number to a

Converts a serial number to a

Returns the serial number of the

Converts a serial number to a

Returns the serial number of a

Converts a time in the form of text

Returns the serial number of

YEAR =YEAR(serial_number) Converts a serial number to a year

Returns information about the

ISBLANK =ISBLANK(value) Returns TRUE if the value is blank

Returns TRUE if the value is any

Returns TRUE if the value is not

Returns TRUE if the value is a

ISTEXT =ISTEXT(value) Returns TRUE if the value is text

Returns TRUE if all of its

FALSE =FALSE Returns the logical value FALSE

Returns a value you specify if a

NOT =NOT(logical) Reverses the logic of its argument

Returns TRUE if any argument is

TRUE =TRUE Returns the logical value TRUE

Returns the column number of a

Returns the number of columns in

=HLOOKUP(lookup_value,tab Looks in the top row of an array

=INDEX(array,row_num,[colu Uses an index to choose a value

Returns a reference indicated by a

=LOOKUP(lookup_value, Looks up values in a vector or

=MATCH(lookup_value,looku Looks up values in a reference or

=OFFSET(reference,rows,cols, Returns a reference offset from a

Returns the row number of a

Returns the number of rows in a

=VLOOKUP(lookup_value,tab Looks in the first column of an

Returns the absolute value of a

Returns a random number

=RANDBETWEEN(bottom,to Returns a random number

=ROUND(number,num_digits Rounds a number to a specified

=ROUNDDOWN(number,nu Rounds a number down, toward

=ROUNDUP(number,num_di Rounds a number up, away from

=SUBTOTAL(function_num,r Returns a subtotal in a list or

SUM =SUM(number1,number2,…) Adds its arguments

=SUMIF(range,criteria,[sum_ Adds the cells specified by a given

=SUMIFS(sum_range,criteria Adds the cells in a range that meet

=SUMPRODUCT(array1,array Returns the sum of the products of

=AVERAGE(number1,number Returns the average of its

Returns the average (arithmetic

Counts how many numbers are in

Counts how many values are in the

Counts the number of blank cells

Counts the number of cells within

=COUNTIFS(criteria_range,cr Counts the number of cells within

Returns the maximum value in a

=MEDIAN(number1,number2, Returns the median of the given

Returns the minimum value in a

Joins several text items into one

Checks to see if two text values are

=FIND(find_text,within_text, Finds one text value within

Returns the leftmost characters

Returns the number of characters

LOWER =LOWER(text) Converts text to lowercase

Returns a specific number of