Lecture 5 by MR J S Pahuja On Shear-Torsion (Part 1) PDF

REFRESHER COURSE ON CONCRETE BRIDGE DESIGN USING
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONCRETE ROAD BRIDGES IRC:112

REFRESHER COURSE ON CONCRETE BRIDGE DESIGN USING IRC:112 , ORGANIZED BY IASTRUCTE, 8th SEP 2018, DELHI- J. S . PAHUJA
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE OF SHEAR, INTERFACE SHEAR ,

PUNCHING SHEAR & TORSION
Jatinder Singh Pahuja

Senior Principal Consultant , Tandon Consultant Pvt Ltd
Jatinder Singh Pahuja received his Mtech degree in Structural

Engineering from IIT Delhi. He has experience of 28 years in designing
flyovers & long span bridges in India and overseas. He is also a guest
faculty in Indian Academy Of Highway Engineers. He is also a part of
bridge committee, B-9 of IRC, responsible for formulating guidelines
for special bridges such as Cable Stayed bridges, Extradosed bridges,
Sea Link Bridges.
Email address:- js_tcpl@yahoo.com

jspahuja@yahoo.com
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE OF SHEAR , INTERFACE SHEAR , PUNCHING SHEAR & TORSION
Shear
Flexure Interface Punching Torsion

Shear Shear Shear Shear
Member Shear in the

Without Shear Member With flange Portion Of
Reinforcement Shear Flanged Beam &
Reinforcement Box Sections
Shear checks are required to be performed under Ultimate Limit State only
SHEAR ZONES IN FLEXURAL MEMBER
Uncracked Zone with Zone with Flexural

Zone Shear Cracks Combined Cracks Only
in Web flexural
Without Any & Shear
Flexural cracks Cracks
SHEAR DESIGN MODEL OF MEMBERS WITH SHEAR REINF
DIRECT SUPPORT INDIRECT SUPPORT

DIRECT SUPPORT
-Cl 10.2.2.1 of IRC:112
• A fan shaped compression field exist.

• The shear is required to be checked at distance “d” from the face of support for calculation
for shear R/f calculation –Only applicable if there is no concentrated load within “d” from
support. -Cl 10.2.3 (note-1) of IRC:112
• Shear R/f calculated at distance “d” shall be extended till support.
• For checking Capacity of compression strut against crushing, net shear force acting at the
face of support shall be taken.
• Additional longitudinal tension R/f is required to cater the horizontal component of
compression strut (apart from bending requirement). -Cl 10.3.3.3 (6) of IRC:112
INDIRECT SUPPORT
-Cl 10.2.2.1 of IRC:112
Supporting beam Supported beam

• A fan shaped compression field does not exist.
• The shear at the face shall be taken for calculating shear R/f as well as for checking of
capacity of strut against crushing. -Cl 10.2.3 (note-2) of IRC:112
• Common intersection of supported beam and supporting beam requires suspension R/f
in addition to shear R/f.

Various Shear Component Acting On Beam

Axes Of Beam

Model Of a Beam
Of Varying Depth
Tension R/f

& '( &
!

- S

#$

$
%

,

,

)*+ ,-./0 123*24.45 26 *0.750.77849 5.4+24

-Cl 10.2.3 (note-4)
It includes
of IRC:112
(a) Vertical component of prestress force after all losses in cable.
(b) Vertical component of increase of prestress force in cracked condition (in ULS condition)
(applicable for bonded cable only). Prestressing force to full capacity of cable can be taken
for such purpose, provided ,corresponding strain can be achieved.
(c) Shear due to Hyprestatic (secondary) effect of cables (applicable for Indeterminate
structures only)
Member Without Shear Reinforcement
F F
d d
βF av<2d (1-β)F av<2d

Force Transfer By Truss Action Force Transfer By Arch Action
/;
Reduction Factor=: &
<+
CONCENTRATED LOADS PLACED CLOSER TO SUPPORT

& '( & # ∗ ∗ %
-Cl 10.2.3 (5) & Cl 10.3.2 (5) of IRC:112
Relief-What can be Relief-What can not be

taken in to account? taken in to account?
Relief Due to Prestress (V*pd ) *Relief Due to increase in prestress (in bonded
available after all losses can be cables) in ULS condition (Due to cracking of
taken into account concrete) can not be taken into account
*Relief of reduction in external Relief due to inclined chord (Vccd) & (Vtd)
shear (V*E) due to concentrated can not be taken into account
loads within “2d” from edge of
support can be taken into
account-Following Eq 10.1 only
Member With Shear Reinforcement

& '( & # ∗ %
-Cl 10.2.3 (3) & 10.3.3.3 (7) of IRC:112
Relief-What can be taken in to Relief-What can not be taken

account? into account?
Relief Due to Prestress (Vpd)can be
*Relief of reduction in external shear
taken into account
(V*E) due to concentrated loads within
“2d” from edge of support can not be
Relief due to inclined chord (Vccd) & taken into account while checking
(Vtd) can be taken into account strength of compression strut
*Relief of reduction in external shear (V*E)

due to concentrated loads within “2d” from
edge of support can be taken into account
while calculating shear r/f only

F
/;
Reduction Factor=: &
<+
d Additional Check to be made

)>+ ? @. BCD + E 61+ D-.0. )>+ 87
0.FG80.+ 52 C. 1/H1GH/5.+ D85-2G5
/**HI849 0.+G15824 6/1520
F av<2d
-Cl 10.3.2 (5) of IRC:112
Force Transfer By Combination of Truss & Arch Action

Shear Strength of Concrete Depends on -Cl 10.3.2 of IRC:112
(a) Longitudinal R/f Ratio- JH

@.LL
(b) Tensile strength of concrete – directly proportional to 61K
(c) Based on depth (d) of member
(d) Based on axial stress in member M1*


For
member having
N
& O.
Concrete Grade (Equations given are Empirical)
more than M60,
VRd.C shall be limited
to strength class of Maximum Of -Eq 10.1 of IRC:112
M60 only
0.18 X.YY O. & ^_à Z 0.15\ $]
O. & S 80 UV W Z 0.15\ $] .
h
fg
h & 1.2 b ^_à & 0.031S Y/e
W e
o i h & 1.5
j
200
S &1Z ? 2.0

O. & 0.12 S 80 UV W X.YY Z 0.15 \ $] . \ & ⁄j l 0.2 m
jnV
UV & ? 0.02
$]
If it has been proved that
)s+.1 t )>+
• Provide only minimum shear reinf- in case of beams -Cl 10.2.1 (2) of IRC:112
jn] 0.072 W

N

& U]._à & & -Eq 10.20 & Eq 16.4
$]
p rW
of IRC:112
• No need to provide minimum shear reinf- in case of slabs -Cl 10.2.1 (note-2) of IRC:112
u6 )s+.1 l )>+ , 5-.4 1-.1K 620 7-./0 0.846201.3.45

Check For Shear Strength of Prestressed Member as Uncracked Section
Neutral
axes A section is said to be uncracked ,
bw τ σbending cp σ
if minor principal stresses due to
combined effect of shear stress
and bending stress (due to
Section Shear Bending Axial external load & prestress) and axial
Of Stress Stress Stress stress due to prestress is less than
Varying Due to design tensile strength of concrete.
width Prestress
<
M1* Z MC.4+849 M1* Z MC.4+849
615+ ? Z v< Applicable for
< < Simply Supported
Span
Oxy jz
w &
only
i$
Check For Shear Strength of Prestressed Member as Uncracked Section

\ Z \{|aà}
$ &!
2
& ! ! e Z w e Z ! & !e Z we
Squaring on both sides

Z ! e & ! e Z w e e
Z ! e Z 2 ! & ! e Z w e e
Z 2 ! & w e
\ Z \{|aà} w& e Z \ Z \{|aà}

w& e Z 2
2
$
w
O.y j! i$
& e Z \ Z \{|aà} Oxy & e Z \ Z \{|aà}
i$ j!
Check for Shear Strength Of Prestressed Member as Uncracked Section

i$]
O. & e ~ f \ Z \{|aà} -Cl 10.3.2 (3) of IRC:112
jz
At centroid- σbending = 0
i$]
O. & e ~ f \

-Eq 10.4 of IRC:112
Where
I - Second Moment Of Area Of Gross -Section
bwc -Effective web thickness at centroidal axes
(after making reduction due to presence of duct)
S -First Moment of Area between Centroidal axes and Extreme Compression
Fibre About The Centroidal Axes
fctd – Design Value of Concrete Tensile Strength = fctk.05 / γm
k1 -A constant which accounts for transmission length in pretensioned construction
Check for Shear Strength Of Composite Beams
wnf wn Z wnf
Neutral
Axes of wn
composite
section
f j ! e j z

wn & wnf &
$i $i
j ! is the first moment area of the precast section above the composite centroid
about the composite centroid.
j ! Is the first moment of area of the concrete above/below the composite centroid
about the CG of composite centroid.
Minor principal tensile stress at the composite centroid

e
\ Z \{|aà} \ Z \{|aà}
& Z wn Z wnf e
2 2
At the composite centroid the total longitudinal stress & M1* Z MC.4+849 & \ ( compression
taken +ve)
\ \ e
The principal tensile stress at the composite centroid & Z wn Z wnf e
2 2
For uncracked Section, principal tensile stress should not exceed &
\ \ e \ \ e
? Z wn Z wnf e Z & Z wn Z wnf e
2 2 2 2
e
\ e \ e
e
\ e \ \ e
Z & Z wn Z wnf e Z Z 2 & Z wn Z wnf e
2 2 2 2 2
e
Z \ & wn Z wnf e
We know that
e e j z

wnf & Z \ wn wnf &
$i
e j ! i $ e
& Z \ wn
i $ j !
i $ e
e & Z \ wn
j !
If )s+.1 #G410/1K.+% )>+
• Provide only minimum shear reinforcement

jn] 0.072 W

N

& U]._à & & -Eq 10.20 & Eq 16.4
$]
p rW
of IRC:112
If )s+.1 #410/1K.+% l )>+
• In case, section is found to be uncracked but calculated shear

capacity is less than applied shear , shear reinf is required to be
calculated without considering any shear resistance from concrete
Shear Strength Of Prestressed Member as Uncracked Section
No need to check shear strength up to cross-section between support

-Cl 10.3.2 (4)
and section which contains the intersection of elastic centroidal axes
of IRC:112
and a line inclined from the inner edge of the support at an angle of 450

Compression Chord Inclined Compression Chord
Fcd
Truss Model
Member
d α θ
z/2
z
axes
z/2 Truss Model
Ftd (With Inclined Shear R/f)
S
Tension Tie Shear R/f (Inclined)
Fcd
d α z/2 Truss Model
Member θ z (With Vertical Shear R/f)
axes z/2
Ftd i.e α=90o
S
Tension Tie Shear R/f (Vertical)
Three Basic Parameters To Finalize Truss Model:-

Z=Lever Arm,, α-Angle of Shear R/f w.r.t Bridge axes , θ-Angle of Strut w.r.t Bridge axes
Rules For Finalizing Truss Model

z/2 Member
Member d
axes
α θ z/2 zaxes
d α θ
z/2
z/2 z
S S
Tension Tie Shear R/f (Inclined) Tension Tie Shear R/f (Vertical)
z-Lever arm
- For Reinforced Concrete member = 0.9d (For Tee-section only) For other section,
Rule No-1 :-
actual value to be derived from flexural analysis)
- For Prestressed Concrete member=Distance between CG of Compressive Force to
CG of tension force or 0.9D (with some condition)
45 ? p ? 90
Rule No-2 :- i.e Angle of Shear R/f w.r.t bridge axes should be within 45o & 90o Variable
Truss
1.0 ? ? 2.5 Angle
Rule No-3 :- indirectly 45 ? ? 21.8 Method
i.e Angle of Inclined Compression Strut should be within 45o & 21.8o
Shear Strength Of
Provided Shear R/f Fcd
d z/2
Member α θ z
Governed by axes
z/2
Limiting yeilding of Ftd
web steel
Shear R/f (Inclined)
cot p Z cot
Tension Tie

& cot p Z cot

p &
cot p Z cot

$ &

cot p Z cot
O.n & jn] r] ! sin p

jn] r]
& cot p Z cot sin p

-Eq 10.11 of IRC:112
o ^ , p & 90X , cot p & 0, sin p & 1
jn] r]
O.n & cot -Eq 10.7 of IRC:112

Shear Strength Of
Concrete Fcd
d z/2
Member α θ z
Governed by axes
z/2
Limiting Crushing Ftd
Strength Of Inclined
Compression Strut Shear R/f (Inclined)
cot p Z cot
Tension Tie
HH2D/CH. 123*0.778;. 750.77 M1 84 +8/924/H 750G5 M1 & 1D ;61+

p W

& &
h_
p] & 1 \ & 0
For Members p] & 1 Z \ ⁄ 0 l \ ? 0.25
p] & 2.5 1 \ ⁄ 0.5 l \ l 1.0
Having
Axial Force
p] & 1.25 0.25 l \ ? 0.5
Strength Reduction Factor For W
concrete Cracked in Shear & ^ & 0.6 1 W
m
310 -Eq 10.6 of IRC:112
Fcd
d z/2
Member α θ z
axes
z/2
Ftd

cot p Z cot
Tension Tie
Member θ z
axes
Width Of Strut (along axes X-X)
In Its Own Plane = 125 Z 125 ,84
cot p Z cot
Member θ z
axes
cot p Z cot
Allowable Stress In Strut #M1 )
j $ ^ X X

z z & Width Of Strut = 125 Z 125 ,84
X X
Thickness Of Strut bw
& M1 CD 125 Z 125 784

e
1

&
1

e
1
&

e Z e

e
z 1
Member θ &
e
1Z
axes

e
1
&
1 Z e
cot p Z cot
25/H 123*0.778;. 6201.
84 ;.0581/H +80.15824 & VRd max & M1 CD 125 Z 125 784 784
& M1 CD 125 Z 125 784<
1
i

\ & p] ^ i

e &
1 Z e
1D ;61+ CD 125 Z 125
)s+ 3/ & -Eq 10.12 of IRC:112
¡ Z 125<
For Inclined Shear Reinforcement

1D E61+ CD 125 Z 125 -Eq 10.12 of IRC:112
)s+ 3/ &
¡ Z 125<
For Vertical Shear Reinforcement

b

^
p & 90X cot p & 0
p] $] ¤ p] $] ¤

O _¢£ & &
1 Z e 1 e
cot Z cot
p] $] ¤
O _¢£ &
tan Z cot -Eq 10.8 of IRC:112
Member With Vertical Shear Reinforcement

Governed by
Fcd Limiting Crushing
d α z/2
Member θ z Strength Of Inclined
axes z/2 Compression Strut
Ftd
S
61+
Design Value of Max Shear Force = )s+. 3/ & 1D CD ¥ E
125¦5/4
1.0 ? ? 2.5

Rule No-3 :- indirectly 45 ? ? 21.8
For θ= 45o 45% Increase in Strength For θ= 21.8o

6 Of strut with θ=450 ) 61+
)s+. 3/ & 1D CD ¥ E 1+ s+. 3/ & 1D CD ¥ E
<.@ <. §

Fcd Governed by
d α z/2
Limiting yeilding of
Member θ z
axes z/2 web steel
Ftd
S
jn]
Design Shear Forces which can
& O.n & ¨ r]
be sustained by yeilding of steel
1.0 ? ? 2.5
Rule No-3 :- indirectly 45 ? ? 21.8
For θ= 45o 150% Increase in Strength For θ= 21.8o

7D Of Vertical Tie with θ=21.80 7D
)s+.7 & ¥ 6ID+ ¡. @ )s+.7 & ¥ 6ID+ <. B
7 7

Fcd
d α z/2
Member θ z
axes z/2
Ftd
S

For θ= 45o 6
For θ= 21.8o 61+
)s+. 3/ & 1D CD ¥ E 1+ )s+. 3/ & 1D CD ¥ E
<.@ <. §
7D 7D
)s+.7 & ¥ 6ID+ ¡. @ )s+.7 & ¥ 6ID+ <. B
7 7
Based on Shear Force (VED), First satisfy the requirement that
Rule No-4 :- crushing of concrete of inclined strut does not occur by
choosing 45 ? ? 21.8 i.e VRd.max > VEd & then taking same angle of
strut (θ) , calculate shear reinforcement (Asw / S) so that VRd.S > VEd
For Vertical Shear Reinforcement

p] $] ¤
b

^
, p & 90X O _¢£ &
tan Z cot
-Eq 10.8 of IRC:112
p] $] ¤
O _¢£,© ª«¬ & O _¢£,© ª«¬X & 0.5 p] $] ¤
2
Θ)at which VED= VRD max
How to find out an angle (Θ
p] $] ¤ p] $] ¤
O _¢£ & O _¢£ & O _¢£ & 0.5 p] $] ¤
2

2 Z 2
Z

O _¢£ & N max

2θ
O _¢£,© ª«¬X
, & 45
& N max

2θ °±
O _¢£ & °

, & 45
x
& 0.5 sin²f
N max 45

, &

0.75av F
/;
-Reduction Factor=: &
<+
d -Reduced Shear calculated

should satisfy
? jn] r] sin p
F av<2d -Calculated Shear R/f to be

placed within centered 0.75av
Force Transfer By Combination of Truss & Arch Action
-Cl 10.3.3.3 (7) & (8) of IRC:112 -Reduction in load is not
applicable for checking
diagonal strut strength

Effective Web Thickness

For Resisting Shear
For Webs with

Non-Grouted Duct
if ´ l {µg¶ if ´ t {µ
g¶
For Webs with
& For webs with Grouted
For Webs with For Webs with Non-Grouted Duct &
Plastic duct
Grouted Metal Grouted Metal For webs with
(if adequate R/f is
Duct Duct Grouted Plastic duct
bw provided )
$] a_ & $] $] a_ & $] 0.5Σ´ $] a_ & $] 1.2Σ´ $] a_ & $] 1.0Σ´
Web With For Grouted Duct Web With For Non-Grouted Duct
-Eq 10.14 of IRC:112 -Eq 10.15 of IRC:112
Additional Tensile Force (∆Ftd) In Longitudinal

Reinforcement Due To Shear VEd- Shift Method
¹¨


&
d
¹¨

Member z
axes
α θ

& p
Tension Tie Shear R/f (Inclined)
∆o & 0.5 cot cot p -Eq 10.16 of IRC:112
,_¢£
Z ∆o ?

,_¢£ ! ¸

$
Shift Method
z-Lever arm - For Prestressed Concrete member
=Distance between CG of Compressive Force to CG of tension force
Or
0.9 times Total depth Of section (D)- Provided two conditions are fulfilled
(Cond-1-Section shall be full under compression)

(Cond-2 - The compressive force in less compressive chord is at least equal to

∆Ftd – 1/3 of compressive force in the web
d
Fsoffit > ∆Ftd – Fweb/3 Member z
axes
α θ
Fsoffit + Fweb/3 > ∆Ftd
Tension Tie (∆Ftd)
s3
s2
Fweb=Aweb x (s2 +s3) x 0.5 Fsoffit=Asoffit x (s1 +s2) x 0.5 s1

ºH2D »8/90/3 620 ,-./0 ».7894 ¼6 s½½ ¾./37

∶
jN
^ 0.6 1 W ⁄310

r] & 0.87rW

o, VEd
° ! $ N

, O ._¢£ :
°±10.8 °±10.12 o & 45° & 21.8°
i
O,_¢£ & 45° x N

i O,_¢£ l 21.8° x

Á
Then economize section i
O,_¢£ & 21.8° x

¸Â ±
O_¢£ &

Á & 21.8° ^

∶ jn] /: °± 10.7 °± 10.11
°

: °± 10.20
°

Ä
^

: °± 16.6
ºH2D »8/90/3 620 ,-./0 ».7894 ¼6 Å0.750.77.+ ¾./37

-87 02G5. 87 24HI
/**H81/CH. 620 ,83*HI jN
7G**205.+ Å,½ C./37
° !
Æ
! ¸ -87 02G5. +2.7
425 -/**.4
84 Å,½ C./37
Á
i !

W.X¬ ⁄h_

° Â O, º20 1245842G7 G485 ° Â O,
Æ
°±
10.4 Å,½ C./37 24HI 5-87 02G5. Æ
°±
10.1
52 C. 62HH2D.+
i

O. t i
N

O. t
Á Á
m^
m^

N

Follow the same route as
N

presented for calculating
shear reinforcement for
°

Ä
°

Ä
°±
16.6
reinforced Concrete beam °±
16.6
EXTERNALLY UNBONDED PRESTRESSED BOX GIRDER

WITH FULL WIDTH SADDLE DEVIATOR
INSIDE VIEW OF BOX SHOWING EXTERNAL UNBONDED CABLES

BOX SHOWING EXTERNAL UNBONDED CABLES PROFILE

hred Cot Θ Condition-1

Ç| $] ^
Field B
l
Z

Field A
Θmax Θmin Flexural Stresses

-Eq 10.18 of IRC:112
hred
Condition-2
Local Reinf near Joint
jn] '(
&
Axes of theoretical
compressive of struts Axes of theoretical Ç| r] cot
Tension tie
-Eq 10.19 of IRC:112
Axes of theoretical
Tension tie
Effect Of Joint Opening In Precast Construction

(For External Unbonded cables)
SECTION -10.3.4 of IRC:112
INTERFACE SHEAR
Shear at the interface between concrete cast at different times
¤` ? ¤O`
- Cl 10.3.4 of IRC:112
Fig-1 Fig-2
Fig-3

(between flange & web)
F F+∆F
M M+∆M
z
T T+∆T
∆X
∆o ∆
bi ¤` & & &
∆z $` ∆z $` $`
È
¤` & - Cl 10.3.4 of IRC:112
$`

N/A F Ff
Fw
N/A
Case-1 Case-2
Neutral axes lies within flange Neutral axes lies outside flange i,.e within web
o
È & 1.0 È&
o Z o
È
¤` & - Cl 10.3.4 of IRC:112
$`

Ô` & É\a Z Ur É sin p Z cos p ? 0.5¤ -Eq 10.21 of IRC:112
É & 0.5 Â :

:
, Â

É & 0.6

∶ ! ,

^$
É & 0.7 N

∶ 3
$ 40
,
j^ $Â
, °!

jn
ρ& p & j

jË

As
Provided Shear reinf continued across interface can be

considered to be part of calculated required reinforcement
ratio, ρ
Shear in the Flange Portion Of Flanged Beams And Box sections
∆º.+
E>+ 6 &
-6 ∆Ì
-Eq 10.22 of IRC:112
hf
Shear in the Flange Portion Of Flanged Beams And Box sections

beff,total beff-total
beff bw beff beff bw beff
N/A F Ff
Fw
N/A
Case-1 Case-2
Neutral axes lies within flange Neutral axes lies outside flange i,.e within web
$|ÍÍ oÍ $|ÍÍ
È & 1.0 ! È&
$|ÍÍ,¢V oÍ Z o] $|ÍÍ,¢V
∆o & È ∆o
∆o. È ∆o È ∆ È
¤ Í & & & & -Eq 10.22 of IRC:112
Í ∆z Í ∆z Í ∆z Í
Í &

&

¨

^ $

In order to prevent crushing of strut in the flange , following check must be satisfied
;>+ ? ;61+ 784 6 127 6 - Cl 10.3.4 (note-2) of IRC:112
1.0 ? Í ? 2.0 o

# 45X Í 26.5X %
1.0 ? Í ? 1.25 o

# 45X Í 38.6X %
jnÍ
Í Transverse reinforcement per unit length is given by
No extra
Transverse reinforcement
above flexure is necessary - Cl 10.3.5 (note-4) of IRC:112
if
^ ? 0.4
jnÍ ¤Í Í For Case Shear

(a) &
Í r cot Í
-Eq 10.23 of IRC:112 between flange
and web
(b) Greater of
ÎÏÐ ÑÒÓÐ ÔÐ
&Í
For Case Combined
(i) nÐ Ö×Ø ©Ð
ÕÓ
ÎÏÐ ÑÒÓÐ ÔÐ
shear between flange
(ii) nÐ
& 0.5 Í Z #Reinf required for transverse bending% and web & transverse
ÕÓ ÙÐ
- Cl 10.3.5 (note-3) of IRC:112 bending
SECTION -10.4 of IRC:112
PUNCHING SHEAR
Design For Punching Shear

Design for Punching Shear needs to be done, when concentrated
loads acts on a two dimensional structural elements such as :-
• Deck Slabs (loads as transferred from contact area of wheel loads)
• Lifting of heavy precast members (box girder)
• Well Cap, Open fdn , Pile Cap (Loads as transferred from pier)
In Bridges-It is recommended to avoid

Punching Reinf by
• Increasing thickness of slab
• Increasing Loaded Area
• Increasing Grade Of concrete
Loaded Area and Basic control Perimeters
Face of Loaded At other perimeter

Area, U0 Along Basic control
(Uo < U < Ui)
(at the face of column) perimeter, Ui
(2d from face of column)
(If opposed by local
pressure such as
foundation, the
perimeter shall be taken
less than 2d also)
Uo
Uo Uo
Basic Control Perimeters For Loaded Area

Close To Or At Edge Or Corner
Punching Shear Under Combined Effect Of

Axial Load and Uniaxial Moment
È
m

& ^ &
`
-Eq 10.24 of IRC:112
` & Ä

y

& 2f Z 2e Z 2ΠÂ

C1
Where,
C1- Column dimension parallel to
y
eccentric load
C2 – Column dimension perpendicular to
eccentric load
y C2 y
È & 1 Z ⁄ f ⁄bf -Eq 10.25 of IRC:112
È o

$

& ^

:-
• Magnitude of moment
• Distance of considered perimeter from loaded area
• Shape of loaded area on which it acts
È & 1 j! $

M È t 1 j! $

È & 1 Z ⁄ f ⁄bf -Eq 10.25 of IRC:112
bf -is a property which correspond

to a distribution of shear as shown
In Fig and is a function of the
control perimeter Ui and the axes about
which the moment is considered.
ã`
bf & â -Eq 10.26 of IRC:112
X

! $

For Length C1 y
ã`
f f fe
â & 4 ! ! & °±^
#1%
X 2 4 2
C1
y
y
y C2 y
C1 For Length C2
ã` yå
äX = 2 ! e e
ZÂ
y 2e f
& Z 2e Â
2
& e f Z 2e Â °±^
#2%
y C2 y
For Arc Length æ⁄e

ç ê
ä Â ! Â sin Â äX sin
& &
$ ä Â äX
æ⁄e

æ⁄e
Â cos X Â Â ! 1 ! 2 2Â
& & & & θ
æ⁄e Π⁄2 Π Π
X y
f 2Â èÂ
ç ! & Z Ä
j #±
% &
2 Π 2 y
ã`
f 2Â èÂ
â & 4 Z !
X 2 Π 2
C1
f 2Â
& 2 Π y Z
2 Π
2 Π f Â 4 Π Â e y
& Z
2 Π
& Π f Â Z 4Â e °±
#3%
y C2 y
For Rectangular Loaded Area –Uniaxial Bending

ã`
bf & â
X
For any control perimeter located at distance “y” from Loaded area
fe
bf & 1 Z 2 Z 3 & Z e f Z 2e Â Z Πf Â Z 4Â e
2
For any control perimeter located at distance “y=2d” from Loaded area
bf & 0.5 f e Z f e Z 4e Z 16e Z 2èf -Eq 10.27 of IRC:112
For any control perimeter located at face of column i.e “y=0”

fe
bf & Z e f
2
For Rectangular Loaded Area –Biaxial Bending

Z
e e
r ë
È & 1 Z 1.8 Z -Eq 10.28 of IRC:112
$ë $r
bz Y Y
ez Where,
r
ë
x ⁄x

ey Â
¨ ! ^ Â
$r
$ë

Z
by
For Circular Loaded Area –Axial Load & Bending

x f
È &1Z
f
-Eq 10.25 of IRC:112
j f & e ∴ f ⁄e & 1.0 , ¹

& 0.6
x
&
x y
f
È & 1 Z 0.6
bf D
Where,
f & Π Z 2Â y
ã`
bf & â
X
ã`
bf & â
X
æ
bf & 2 â

.

X
æ
äX Z Â ! Z Â sin
ç & & 2 2 y
æ
äX 2 Z Â
í
D
ZÂ cos
& 2 X
í
X
y
2 Z Â ! 1 1 1 2 2 ZÂ
& &
è Π

Π Z 2Â 2 ZÂ
bf & 2 ! 2 & Z 2Â Z 2Â
2 Π
For Circular Loaded Area –Axial Load & Bending

x f
È &1Z
f
-Eq 10.25 of IRC:112
f
È & 1 Z 0.6
bf
f Π Z 2Â Π
& &
f Z 2Â Z 2Â Z 2Â
Π
È & 1 Z 0.6 ¹
È & 1 Z 0.6Π
Z 2Â Z 2Â
For y=2d

È & 1 Z 0.6Π -Eq 10.29 of IRC:112
Z 4
Reduced Perimeter For Edge Column & Corner Column

Punching Shear Resistance of Slab Without Shear R/f

0.18 f⁄Y
Ô. & S 80UV W Z 0.1\ ^_à Z 0.1\
h
-Eq 10.33 of IRC:112
Where,
200
S & 1 Z ? 2.0

-Eq 10.34 of IRC:112
UV & UVr UVë ? 0.02 -Eq 10.35 of IRC:112
\r Z \ë .r .ë

\ & \,r &
\,ë & -Eq 10.36 of IRC:112
2 jr jë
⁄e
^_à & 0.031 Y⁄e W f
-Eq 10.41 of IRC:112
Punching Shear For Foundation Slab & Pile Caps

2d 2d
a VEd a
/ ? <+
∆VEd
j o & . Ç| & ∆
-Eq 10.38 of IRC:112
Where ∆VEd is Upward Force within control perimeter
For Concentric Load ,Ç|

m

& ^. Ç| & -Eq 10.39 of IRC:112

For Eccentric Load .Ç|
m

& ^ & 1Z -Eq 10.42 of IRC:112
,Ç| b
Punching Shear Resistance For Foundation Slab & Pile Caps
2d 2d
a VEd a
/ ? <+
∆VEd
Punching Shear Stress Resistance at Control Perimeter at

distance “ a ” from Pheriphery of the column
f⁄Y
2 2
Ô & 0.12S 80UV W ^_à -Eq 10.40 of IRC:112

Final Checks To Be performed
At The Column Perimeter / Perimeter of Loaded Area
^ l Ô._¢£ -Eq 10.44 of IRC:112
1
b Ô._¢£ & . ^. -Eq 10.43 of IRC:112
2
At Any Other Control Section

^ l Ô. -Eq 10.45 of IRC:112
SECTION -10.5 of IRC:112
TORSION
Member Subjected To Torsion TEd
Example Of Example Of
Equilibrium Torsion Compatibility Torsion
tef,i=Effective Wall Thickness

=Greater of
(a) Twice the effective cover to Longitudinal R/f
(b) Area Of section (A) / Perimeter of section (U)
Ak= Area enclosed by the centerlines of the connecting
walls incl hollow areas
>+
207824 ,-./0 ºH2D &
<K
>+
207824 ,-./0 ºH2D &
<K
>+
207824 ,-./0 ,50.77 & v5,8 & -Eq 10.46 of IRC:112
<K , 5.6,8
>+
».7894 207824 ,-./0 º201. & )+,8 & v5,8 5.6,8 ¥8 & ¥8
<K
Check For Maximum Torsion Resistance TRd,max
Governed by
Limiting Crushing
Torsion Strength Of Inclined
Compression Strut
».7894 207824 s.7875/41. & s+.3/ & <;1D 61+ K 5.6 .8 784 127 -Eq 10.48 of IRC:112
Rule No-3 :- 45 ? ? 21.8

Strut inclination as taken for truss analogy for shear shall be same
Rule No-6 :-
for the elements considered for the torsion
For θ= 45o For θ= 21.8o
s+.3/ & <;1D 61+ K 5.6 .8 Ì 0.5 s+.3/ & <;1D 61+ K 5.6 .8 Ì 0.345
How p] $] ¤

O _¢£ &
tan Z cot
Max Design Shear resistance defined in Eq 10.8
&
Max Design TorsionResistance defined in Eq10.48 O._¢£ & 2^p] jW |Í .`

are same

b
,

o & î,` & ¨`
2jW
>+

e Z e
)+,8 <K ¥8 x #
Z % x Z
x

& &
O _¢£ p] $] ¤ 2¤p] jW $] & 2¤p] jW $]
&
2¤p] jW $]
tan Z cot
x x
& &
2¤p] jW |Í` $]
Ox._¢£
D-.0. 84 s+.3/ & <;1D 61+ K 5.6 .8 784 127

Transverse Reinforcement (Ast) In Member

Subjected To Torsion TEd
».7894 207824 ,-./0 º201. & )+,8 & v5,8 5.6,8 ¥8
>+
& ¥8
jn] <K
We Know that O.n & ¨ r]

Equating O.n & î,` Governed by
Limiting yeilding of
7D >+ web steel
¥8 6ID+ 125 & ¥8
7 <K
7D >+
&
7 <K 6ID+ 125
Member Subjected To Combined Torsion Ted & Shear VNS
+ =
Torsion Vertical Shear Total
Check For Combination of Shear VNS & Torsion TEd
>+ ⁄s+.3/ Z )ï, ⁄)s+.3/ ? ¡. @ -Eq 10.47 of IRC:112

Transverse Reinforcement (Ast) In Member

Subjected To Torsion TEd & Shear VEd
25/H ».7894 ,-./0 º201.
&
».7894 207824 ,-./0 º201. #)+,8 %
+
».7894 ).0581/H ,-./0 º201. #)>+,8 %
>+
25/H ».7894 ,-./0 º201. & ¥ Z )>+,8
<K 8
For Hollow Section
Work out Transverse R/f corresponding to Total Shear
Force (Torsion+Vertical) as same as Vertical Shear force
For Solid Section
Work out Trans R/f separately for Torsion Shear and Vertical Shear and
provide the same in the region where it should be
Longitudinal Reinforcement (Asl) In Member

Subjected To Torsion TEd
∑ 7H 6I+ >+
& 125
GK <K
-Eq 10.49 of IRC:112
>+ ñK
Σ7H & 125
<K 6I+
• In Compressive Chord, Longitudinal Reinforcement for torsion can

be reduced in proportion to available Compressive Force.
• In Tensile Chord, Longitudinal Reinforcement for torsion

should be added to the other Reinf (Flexure + Direct tension , if any).
Specific Requirements For Precast Segmental Construction

(As per IRC:SP:65-2018)
• Shear & Torsion shall be checked as per RARE LOAD COMBINATION
of IRC:6.
For Shear
• For structures with internal bonded tendons, the shear capacity
shall be multiplied by 0.9.
• For structures with external bonded tendons, equation given

in 10.3.3.4 (2) of IRC:112 shall be satisfied.
For Torsion
• For torsion capacity , reduction factor shall be as same as applied for
shear.
• At any cross-section, where axial tension due to torsion and bending
exceeds the compression due to prestress and bending,
supplementary tendons to counter the tension shall be provided
which shall be distributed around the perimeter in tension zone.
inside the closed stirrups. At least, one tendon shall be placed near
each corner of the stirrups in tension zone.
THANK YOU

Lecture 5 by MR J S Pahuja On Shear-Torsion (Part 1) PDF

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REFRESHER COURSE ON CONCRETE BRIDGE DESIGN USING

CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONCRETE ROAD BRIDGES IRC:112

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE OF SHEAR, INTERFACE SHEAR ,

Jatinder Singh Pahuja

Jatinder Singh Pahuja received his Mtech degree in Structural

Email address:- js_tcpl@yahoo.com

Flexure Interface Punching Torsion

Member Shear in the

SHEAR ZONES IN FLEXURAL MEMBER

Uncracked Zone with Zone with Flexural

SHEAR DESIGN MODEL OF MEMBERS WITH SHEAR REINF

DIRECT SUPPORT INDIRECT SUPPORT

• A fan shaped compression field exist.

Supporting beam Supported beam

     !

)*+ ,-./0 123*24.45 26 *0.750.77849 5.4+24

Member Without Shear Reinforcement

βF av<2d (1-β)F av<2d

Member Without Shear Reinforcement

Relief-What can be Relief-What can not be

Member With Shear Reinforcement

Relief-What can be taken in to Relief-What can not be taken

*Relief of reduction in external shear (V*E)

Member Without Shear Reinforcement

d Additional Check to be made

CONCENTRATED LOADS PLACED CLOSER TO SUPPORT

Member Without Shear Reinforcement

Shear Strength of Concrete Depends on -Cl 10.3.2 of IRC:112

(a) Longitudinal R/f Ratio- JH

(c) Based on depth (d) of member

(d) Based on axial stress in member M1*

Member Without Shear Reinforcement

Member Without Shear Reinforcement

If it has been proved that

u6 )s+.1 l )>+ , 5-.4 1-.1K 620 7-./0 0.846201.3.45

Check For Shear Strength of Prestressed Member as Uncracked Section

Check For Shear Strength of Prestressed Member as Uncracked Section

Squaring on both sides

\ Z \{|a`a} w&  e Z  \ Z \{|a`a}

Check for Shear Strength Of Prestressed Member as Uncracked Section

Check for Shear Strength Of Composite Beams

f j ! e j z

Minor principal tensile stress at the composite centroid

e e j z

If )s+.1 #G410/1K.+%  )>+

• Provide only minimum shear reinforcement

If )s+.1 #410/1K.+% l )>+

• In case, section is found to be uncracked but calculated shear

Shear Strength Of Prestressed Member as Uncracked Section

No need to check shear strength up to cross-section between support

Member With Shear Reinforcement

Three Basic Parameters To Finalize Truss Model:-

Rules For Finalizing Truss Model

HH2D/CH. 123*0.778;. 750.77 M1 84 +8/924/H 750G5 M1 & 1D ;61+

Shear R/f (Inclined)

& M1 CD  125  Z 125  784 

For Inclined Shear Reinforcement

For Vertical Shear Reinforcement

p & 90X cot p & 0

p] $]  ¤  p] $]  ¤

Member With Vertical Shear Reinforcement

1.0 ?  ? 2.5

For θ= 45o 45% Increase in Strength For θ= 21.8o

!

)+ ,-./0 12324.45 26 *0.750.77849 5.4+24

Relief of reduction in external shear (VE)

\ Z \{|a`a} w& e Z \ Z \{|a`a}

f j ! e j z

e e j z

If )s+.1 #G410/1K.+% )>+

If )s+.1 #410/1K.+% l )>+

HH2D/CH. 123*0.778;. 750.77 M1 84 +8/924/H 750G5 M1 & 1D ;61+

& M1 CD 125 Z 125 784

p] $] ¤ p] $] ¤

1.0 ? ? 2.5

O _¢£ & N max

& N max

∆o & 0.5 cot cot p -Eq 10.16 of IRC:112

° ! $ N

i O,_¢£ l 21.8° x

É & 0.5 Â :

É & 0.6

É & 0.7 N

1.0 ? Í ? 2.0 o

1.0 ? Í ? 1.25 o

jnÍ ¤Í Í For Case Shear

& 2f Z 2e Z 2ΠÂ

È & 1 Z ⁄ f ⁄bf -Eq 10.25 of IRC:112

È & 1 j! $

È & 1 Z ⁄ f ⁄bf -Eq 10.25 of IRC:112

j f & e ∴ f ⁄e & 1.0 , ¹