GRANULOPOIESIS

3 pools of bone marrow 1. mitotic pool

2.maturation pool
3.storage pool
Mitotic pool Myeloblast
Promyeloblast
Myelocyte
Maturation pool Metamyelocyte
Storage pool Metamyelocyte
Bands
Segmented cells
Segmented cells 1.neutrophils
2.eosinophils
3.basophils
Pools of blood 1.circulating pool
2.marginating pool
marginating pool Not included in total WBC count and differential count

Myeloblast Size: 15-20 u

Nucleus: round or slightly oval; fine chromatin
Nucleoli: 2-5
Cytoplasm: basophilic
N:C ration: 4:1

Promyelocyte Size: 15 – 21 u
Nucleus: round or oval; slightly coarse chromatin
Nucleoli: 2-3
Cytoplasm: with primary granules / non – specific granules
N:C ration: 3:1 – 2:1

1’ granules: large blue to reddish- purple staining

Acid hydrolase,
acid phosphatase,
glucoronidase,
myeloperoxidase,
elastase,
arylsulfatase,
cationic antibacterial proteins,
esterase,
sulfated mucosubstance,
arylsulfatase
Myelocyte Size: 12 – 18 u
Nucleus: round or oval; coarser chromatin
Nucleoli: none
Cytoplasm: slightly acidophilic; with secondary granules/ specific granules
N:C ratio: 1:1
Metamyelocyte /juvenile Size: 10 – 15 u
Nucleus: kidney – shaped or indented; clumped chromatin
Nucleoli: none
Cytoplasm: salmon- colored; with secondary granules /specific granules
N:C ratio: 1:1

Band / stab /staff Size: 9- 15 u

Nucleus: C or S -shaped; clumped chromatin
Nucleoli: none
Cytoplasm: salmon- colored; faint granules
N:C ratio: 1:1 or 1:2

Neutrophils Size: 9 – 15 u
Nucleus: 3 -5 lobes; chromatin highly condensed
Nucleoli: none
Cytoplasm: salmon- colored; pink/ lavender / lilac / rose -violet granules
N:C ratio: 1:2

2’ granules: pink to rose- violet staining

aminopeptidase,
collagenase,
muramidase,
lysozyme,
lactoferrin,
basic proteins,
plasminogen activator,
alkaline phosphate

3’ granules: gelatinase

Eosinophils Size: 9-15 u

Nucleus: 2 lobes; chromatin condensed
Nucleoli: none
Cytoplasm: salmon- colored; reddish- orange granules
N:C ratio: 1:2

2’ granules: dirty orange staining

Major Basic Protein,
acid hydrolase,
peroxidase,
phospholipase,
cathepsin,
eosinophil- cationic protein,
neurotoxin

arylsulfatase,
peroxidase,
acid phosphatase
Basophils Size: 10 -16 u
Nucleus: unsegmented or bilobed; chromatin condensed
Nucleoli: none
Cytoplasm: salmon- colored; dark- purple or blue-black
N:C ratio: 1:2

2’ granules: dark- blue purple staining

histamine,
heparin,
peroxidase,
eosinophilic chemotactic factor A

LYMPHOCYTE SERIES

LYMPHOCYTE
LYMPHOBLAS PROLYMPHOC Small
T YTE Medium
Large
Lymphoblast Size: 10- 18 u
Nucleus: round or oval; coarse chromatin
Nucleoli: 1 -2
Cytoplasm: moderate to dark blue; no granules

Prolymphocyte Size: 10 – 18 u
Nucleus: round or oval; clumped chromatin
Nucleoli: 1- 2
Cytoplasm: moderate to dark blue; no granules

Small lymphocyte Size: 7- 10 u

Nucleus: round or oval; dense chromatin
Nucleoli: none
Cytoplasm: thin rim around the nucleus; ROBIN EGG BLUE

Medium lymphocyte Size: 10 – 12 u

Nucleus: round or oval; dense chromatin
Nucleoli: none
Cytoplasm: more abundant than in small lymphocyte; pale to moderate blue

Large lymphocyte Size: 12 – 16 u

Nucleus: round or oval; dense chromatin
Nucleoli: none
Cytoplasm: abundant; clear , very pale blue

LYMPHOCYTES:
1. T- lymphocytes: 60- 80 %; lifespan- 4- 10 years; cellular- mediated immunity
2. B- lymphocytes: 10- 20 %; lifespan- 3-4 days; humoral- mediated immunity
3. Null- lymphocytes: 10 %; tumor host defense
 MATURE B-
ACTIVATED B- CELL PLASMA CELL
CELL

PLASMA CELL SERIES

Plasma blast Size: 18 – 25u
Nucleus: eccentric
Cytoplasm: abundant; basophilic; no granules

Proplasmacyte Size: 15 – 25 u
Nucles: eccentric
Cytoplasm: abundant; intensely basophilic; no granules

Plasmacyte Size: 8- 20u

Nucleus: eccentric; exhibits ‘cartwheel-like pattern’
Cytoplasm: deeply basophilic; no granules; well- defined hof/ perinuclear halo

MONOCYTE SERIES

PROMONOCY
MONOBLAST MONOCYTE
TE
Monoblast Size: 12- 20 u
Nucleus: round, folding/ clefting
Nucleoli: 1-2
Cytoplasm: basophilic; non- granular
N:C ratio: 4: 1- 3: 1

Promonocyte Size: 14- 18 u

Nucleus: oval, indented, or folded
Nucleoli: none
Cytoplasm: blue- gray
N:C ration: 3: 1- 2: 1

Monocyte Size: 14- 20 u

Nucleus: round; kidney- shaped; convoluted
Nucleoli: none
Cytoplasm: blue- gray; fine azurophilic granules
(ground glass/ frosted appearance)

N:C ratio: 2: 1- 1: 1

Tissue: macrophages/ histiocytes