Mine Surveying

This Document supersedes PR-00-A-3008

Contents

1 Purpose .................................................................................................................................. 2
2 Definitions.............................................................................................................................. 2
3 Responsibilities ..................................................................................................................... 2
3.1 Mining Surveyor............................................................................................................. 2
3.2 Survey Assistant............................................................................................................ 2
4 Procedure .............................................................................................................................. 3
4.1 Survey Control ............................................................................................................... 3
4.2 Maintenance of Survey Equipment............................................................................... 3
4.3 Mine Planning ................................................................................................................ 4
4.4 Drill and Blast ................................................................................................................ 4
4.5 Excavation...................................................................................................................... 5
4.6 Maintenance of Survey Records ................................................................................... 5
5 Documentation ...................................................................................................................... 6
6 Attachments........................................................................................................................... 6
6.1 Mine Plan ........................................................................................................................ 6
6.2 Batter Offset Table......................................................................................................... 6
6.2 Blast Block Plan (ore mines)......................................................................................... 6

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1 Purpose

To describe the activities associated with mine surveying and volume control on the
minesite. Mine surveying includes:
• survey station identification and control
• instrument accuracy and calibration
• pit survey and grade control.

2 Definitions
Surpac2000 - The mine surveying and planning software package
DTM - Digital Terrain Model
Calibration - The process of comparing a measuring instrument against a reference
standard
Accuracy - The variation between the measured value of a quantity and the
absolute value of that quantity
Precision - The closeness of agreement between repeated measurements of the
same quantity
Traverse - A chain of surveyed points that can be either open ended, or finish at the
starting point to form a closed traverse
Closure - A technique for computing the precision ratio of a closed survey network
Batter Holes - Angle holes drilled on the plane of the final pit wall, designed to break to
that pit wall and no further.
Final Wall - Batter slope correction. Angle of single bench has to be corrected as
design slope

3 Responsibilities

3.1 Mining Surveyor

The Mining Surveyor is responsible for:
a) establishing and maintaining an accurate survey control network
b) maintenance, checking and calibration of survey equipment
c) ensuring pit limits conform to the current Principal mine plan or specified changes
d) surveying areas nominated for drilling and excavation
e) surveying blast holes
f) joint survey original topo after clearing
g) joint daily coal exposed pick ups
h) end of month joint volume survey and volume re-conciliation for any dispute
i) supplying the Principal with mining survey data
j) computing monthly blasted and excavated material
k) reviewing of Weekly/Monthly Mining Production Plan.

3.2 Survey Assistant

The Survey Assistant is responsible for:
a) daily maintenance of survey instruments
b) monitoring survey consumable stocks
c) Survey Dept. activities in the absence of the Mining Surveyor.

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4 Procedure

4.1 Survey Control

4.1.1 Origin
The Mining Surveyor reviews the origin point(s) / permanent surveys reference mark(s)
when available which originally established by the Principal for the minesite control
network. These origin values are recorded for reference for future use if required.
4.1.2 Surveying New Stations
Future additions to the existing network conform to the Principal.
When adding stations to the network, closed traverses are used. At least two existing
control stations are occupied and included in the control traverse. At each occupied
station, the following dimensions are measured in both forward and reverse directions:
• slope distance
• vertical angle
• horizontal angle.
Reciprocal vertical angles are used for all height definition.
Data resulting from the establishment of a new station, i.e. raw data from the total
station and calculation sheet is included in the Survey Control File.

4.2 Maintenance of Survey Equipment

4.2.1 Survey Equipment
The minesite utilizes one or two types of electronic survey equipment:
• Total Station
• Laser Level.

4.2.2 Calibration
The total station survey instrument (e.g., Sokkia Total Station) is calibrated in
accordance with PR-00-A-1009, Procedure for Calibration Control.

4.2.3 Electronic Checks

The internal electronics of the total station are self checked each time the instrument is
switched on. The User Manual is consulted if any errors are reported.
The laser level (e.g., Spectra Automatic Laser Level and accessories) provides a
horizontal reference plane only and is checked and calibrated in the field and in
accordance with PR-00-A-1009, Procedure for Calibration Control.

4.2.4 Total Station Field Checks

Regular field checks are recommended to be carried out by the Mining Surveyor to
ensure continuing accuracy of the Total Station. They are performed between calibration
intervals from the existing stations measured by the Mining Surveyor and/or the
Principal and the survey results recorded on a Survey Report (form PTP-ENG-FO-
0010). A record of each field check is also entered onto the Equipment Calibration
Record (form PTP-CON-FO-G-0005).
Intervals between instrument field checks shall not exceed six months.
If an instrument error is suspected during operation, the instrument is field checked
immediately. Where the suspicions are confirmed the instrument is sent for servicing
and re-calibration in accordance with PTP-CON-PR-G-0006, Procedure for Calibration
Control.
As outlined in clause 4.1.2, each time a new station is established and added to the
network the re-measurement of a previously measured line also results in a field check
being performed. The new value is compared to the previous measurement to ensure
that the precision ratio does not exceed 30 parts per million. This record is also entered
onto the Equipment Calibration Record (PTP-CON-FO-G-0005).
The Mining Surveyor approves the Survey Report whenever new stations are created or
field checks are performed.

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 4.2.5 Laser Level Field Checks
Regular field checks for laser level is recommended also to verify its continuing
accuracy. The check is performed against two distinct points established by the total
station. The difference in readings indicated by both instruments should be less than
10mm. The results are also recorded on a Survey Report and the relevant Equipment
Calibration Record (PTP-CON-FO-G-0005).
Where the field check produces an out of range value the Laser Level user manuals
should be consulted. If the anomaly cannot be resolved, the instrument is sent for
servicing in accordance with PTP-CON-PR-G-0006, Procedure for Calibration Control.

4.3 Mine Planning

4.3.1 Pit Limits
The ultimate pit plan is held in electronic form in a Surpac2000 v3.2 file or other
equivalent format. Further modification to the mining limits, may be initiated by the
Principal periodically. Mining activities that come within the defined limits must conform
to the current Mine Plan (refer Attachment 1) issued by the Principal. Prior to any areas
being drilled or excavated, the plan is consulted to ensure a conflict does not exist with
actual design.

4.3.2 Waste Dumps

Final layout of a waste / overburden dump areas are issued by the Principal. This
identifies the final shape of a waste/overburden dump area once rehabilitation is
complete. It also shows gradients of dump faces and the position of any safety berms
and/or drainage lines.
If there is no specific requirements from the Principal generally requirements for
rehabilitating, the batter gradients of waste dump areas are kept at less than 20° (or as
specified by the Principal)
When there is required as part of the contract scope, the inclined faces are sheeted with
topsoil to a depth of 150-200mm and then contour ripped.

4.4 Drill and Blast

4.4.1 Planning
Areas to drill are planned as a result of daily/weekly meetings with the Principal and/or
internal planning meetings, generally with the Mining Engineer, Mining Superintendent,
Drill & Blast Superintendent and Mining Surveyor. The planning process is outline in PR-
00-A-3009, Procedure for Excavate and Haulage.

4.4.2 Floor Depths and Pit Limits

The Mining Surveyor surveys and marks the distance from the surface to the finished
floor level so that the driller can add the required subdrill to the drill depth. The distance
is identified by writing the actual meter distance on pin markers placed on the pattern.
Where the Drill and Blast Supervisor’s proposed drill pattern includes interim or final pit
limits, the Mining Surveyor calls up the Principal Pit Design and computes the toe line
and peg positions.
The toe line is then surveyed and pegged so that the drill operator can mark out the
batter hole offset distance using the Batter Offset Table (refer Attachment 2).
Drilling and blasting is carried out in accordance with BMP-MIN-PR-G-2001, Procedure
for Drilling and Blasting.

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4.5 Excavation
4.5.1 Blast Blocks
When the pit is consisted several different quality/grade of material, blasted areas are
normally blocked by the Principal according to material types and detailed on a Blast
Block Plan (refer Attachment 3). The coordinates for the blast block boundaries are
could be obtained from the Principal. The Mining Surveyor reviews this data to ensure
all relevant information is available to perform the survey.
When the Mining Surveyor is satisfied that all the information is provided, the Blast Block
Plan is signed and dated, and copies forwarded to the Mining Superintendent and the
Mining Engineer. The Mining Surveyor holds the original copy.
The boundaries of the different material blocks are surveyed as planned and marked
with flagging tape. The type of material within each block, e.g. R1, R2 or R3, etc is
sprayed on the ground in white paint or other agreed method (this task may be carried
out by the Principal own staff).

4.5.2 Bench Levels

At the start of each excavation, a stake indicating the correct bench level is placed within
laser range of the excavator, (i.e., 100m maximum). The Foreman, using the laser level
and the marker, monitor that the correct bench level is maintained. The marker is
progressively moved to keep pace with excavation.

4.5.3 Bench Limits

Where a blast area borders on final pit limits (refer Section 4.3), the Mining Surveyor
surveys and marks the crest line of the excavation to guide the excavator. Toe lines are
surveyed after excavation to ensure that design limits have been achieved.

4.6 Maintenance of Survey Records

4.6.1 Pit Surveys
Computed survey data is kept in one or several sub-directories on the survey computer
hard drive such as "Bedrock", "Scree", “Pit no.”, and other nominated name according to
the location of the surveys. The entire hard drive is backed up weekly on the external
drive or the S:/ directory if available at the minesite.
All raw survey data e.g., direct observations from the total station, is maintained on
separate directory such as on the D:\ directory or E:\directory
A computer model of the current scree and bedrock pit is held in Surpac format as
PITyyyxxxx.STR, where yyy is the pit number or pit name’s abbreviation and xxxx is the
month and year, e.g. August 2000 for pit 10.5 is PIT1050800.STR. Separate models are
maintained either in the Scree, Bedrock or other named sub-directories. A duplicate file
called “Allyyyxxxx” is maintained as a precaution against file deletion/corruption.
Every pit is surveyed at the end of each month or other nominated interval. Changes to
the pit faces are added to the previous month's model and then saved as the current
model.
The surface model prior to Petrosea commencing mining in the pits if available is to be
requested to the Principal and maintained on the separate subdirectory.
At the end of each month, a surface-to-surface volume is computed between the current
"PIT" model and the surface model for each pit. The results are maintained in the E:\
directory and hard copies are distributed as appropriate to the Project Manager, Mining
Engineer and the Principal.
Faceline plans of the mine pits are produced monthly and after checking and authorizing
by the Mining Surveyor are distributed as appropriate to the Mining Superintendent, Drill
and Blast Supervisor, and The Principal Representative.

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 4.6.2 Blast Surveys
The recommended Blast pattern electronic file is arranged as follows:

The BLAST subdirectory contains the blast files used on site for Petrosea purposes and
contains files named BSTyyyaabb where yyy is the pit number or pit name’s
abbreviation, aa is the bench and bb is the blast number. Blast numbers start at 1 for
the first blast on a bench and continue sequentially. Each blast hole is uniquely and
sequentially numbered within the BST file. The perimeter of the blast is recorded as
string 1 in the Surpac file whilst the hole collars are recorded as string 2.
Volumes for each blast are calculated using the perimeter string 1 in the BST file within
the BST subdirectory. The perimeter string is expanded by half the blast burden and
spacing and the levels are reduced to the nominal bench level of the blast surface and
the file is saved as DTMyyyaabb.str. A corresponding TOEyyyaabb.str file is created
using the perimeter string in the BST file and reduced the levels to the nominal bench
levels of the blast floor. A surface to surface volume is then calculated using the
matching DTM and TOE file.
The calculated volumes for each month are then entered onto a spreadsheet, hard
copies are distributed as follows:

• Mining Engineer
• The Principal Representative
• Drill and Blast Supervisor.

5 Documentation
This documentation is available as Company Standard form where noted by form
number. Refer to Document Control for the latest revisions.
(not attached) PTP-ENG-FO-G-0010 - Calculation sheet for Survey Report
(not attached) PTP-CON-FO-G-0005 - Equipment Calibration Record

6 Attachments

6.1 Mine Plan

6.2 Batter Offset Table

6.2 Blast Block Plan (ore mines)

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Attachment 1

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Attachment 2

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Attachment 3

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