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Êåöáëáéï 7: Åéóáãùãç óôá Ôïðéêá Äéêôõá

Åíüôçôá Ã

ÔïðéêÜ äßêôõá

ÊåöÜëáéï 7: ÅéóáãùãÞ óôá ôïðéêÜ äßêôõá

ÊåöÜëáéï 8: Ðñüôõðá ôïðéêþí äéêôýùí

ÊåöÜëáéï 9: Ëïãéóìéêü - Õëéêü ôïðéêþí äéêôýùí

ÊåöÜëáéï 10: Äéáóýíäåóç ôïðéêþí äéêôýùí

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Åíüôçôá Ã: ÔïðéêÜ äßêôõá

Ðåñéå÷üìåíá
ÊåöÜëáéï 7: ÅéóáãùãÞ óôá ôïðéêÜ äß-
êôõá
ÌÜèçìá 7.1: ÂáóéêÜ óôïé÷åßá ôïðéêþí äéêôýùí ...................... 9
7.1.1 Ïñéóìüò, âáóéêÝò Ýííïéåò, ôáîéíüìçóç
êáé ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ ............................................... 9
7.1.2 ×ñÞóç ôïðéêþí äéêôýùí ......................................... 11
ÌÜèçìá 7.2: ÖõóéêÜ ìÝóá ........................................................ 14
7.2.1 ÅéóáãùãÞ .............................................................. 14
7.2.2 ÖõóéêÜ ìÝóá ôïðéêþí äéêôýùí ............................... 15
7.2.2.1 ÄïìçìÝíç êáëùäßùóç óôá ôïðéêÜ äßêôõá .............. 15
7.2.2.2 Áóýñìáôá ìÝóá ìåôÜäïóçò .................................. 18
ÌÜèçìá 7.3: Ôïðïëïãßåò .......................................................... 19
7.3.1 ÅéóáãùãÞ .............................................................. 19
7.3.2 Ôïðïëïãßåò åíóýñìáôùí ôïðéêþí äéêôýùí............. 19
7.3.2.1 Ôïðïëïãßá äéáýëïõ ................................................ 19
7.3.2.2 Ôïðïëïãßá äÝíôñïõ ............................................... 20
7.3.2.3 Ôïðïëïãßá äáêôõëßïõ............................................. 21
7.3.2.4 Ôïðïëïãßá Üóôñïõ ................................................ 22
7.3.3 Ôïðïëïãßåò áóýñìáôùí ôïðéêþí äéêôýùí .............. 23
ÌÜèçìá 7.4: ÌÝèïäïé åëÝã÷ïõ ðñüóâáóçò óôï ìÝóï ............ 27
7.4.1 ÅéóáãùãÞ .............................................................. 27
7.4.2 ÄÝóìåõóç ÷ùñçôéêüôçôáò óôá ôïðéêÜ äßêôõá ........ 28
ÌÜèçìá 7.5: ÔõðïðïéÞóåéò ÉÅÅÅ 802.x .................................... 31
7.5.1 ÅéóáãùãÞ .............................................................. 31
7.5.2 Ðñüôõðï ÉÅÅÅ 802.3 ............................................. 32
7.5.3 ¢ëëá ðñüôõðá ôïðéêþí äéêôýùí ôïõ ÉÅÅÅ .............. 33
Áíáêåöáëáßùóç ............................................................................. 34
ÅñùôÞóåéò ............................................................................. 35
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Êåöáëáéï
Tïìïó7:ÉÉ,Åéóáãùãç
Åíïôçôá óôá
Ã: Ôïðéêá Äéêôõá
Äéêôõá

ÊåöÜëáéï 8: Ðñüôõðá ôïðéêþí äéêôýùí

ÌÜèçìá 8.1: Ôå÷íïëïãéêÞ åîÝëéîç ............................................ 39
8.1.1 ÅéóáãùãÞ .............................................................. 39
8.1.2 Ôå÷íïëïãßá ôïðéêþí äéêôýùí ðñþôçò
ãåíéÜò (1970-1984) ............................................... 39
8.1.3 Ôå÷íïëïãßá ôïðéêþí äéêôýùí äåýôåñçò
ãåíéÜò (1985-1990) ............................................... 40
8.1.4 Ôå÷íïëïãßá ôïðéêþí äéêôýùí ôñßôçò
ãåíéÜò (1990-2000) ............................................... 41
ÌÜèçìá 8.2: Ðñüôõðï ALOHA ................................................. 43
MÜèçìá 8.3: Ðñüôõðï CSMA ................................................... 46
MÜèçìá 8.4: Ðñüôõðá CSMA/CD, IEEE 802.3 êáé Ethernet .... 49
8.4.1 To ðñüôõðï CSMA/CD ........................................... 49
8.4.2 To ðñüôõðï IEEE 802.3 êáé ôï Ethernet ................ 52
MÜèçìá 8.5: Ðñüôõðï ÉÅÅÅ 802.4 - Äßêôõá äéáýëïõ ìå
êïõðüíé äéÝëåõóçò .............................................. 54
8.5.1 EéóáãùãÞ .............................................................. 54
8.5.2 Ôï ðñüôõðï ÉÅÅÅ 802.4 ......................................... 54
ÌÜèçìá 8.6: Ðñüôõðï ÉÅÅÅ 802.5 - Äßêôõá äáêôõëßïõ ìå
êïõðüíé äéÝëåõóçò .............................................. 56
8.6.1 ÅéóáãùãÞ .............................................................. 56
8.6.2 Ôï äßêôõï äáêôõëßïõ ìå êïõðüíé äéÝëåõóçò ........... 56
8.6.3 Ôï ðñüôõðï ÉÅÅÅ 802.5 ......................................... 57
ÌÜèçìá 8.7: Ðñüôõðï Í-ÉSDN ................................................. 59
8.7.1 ÅéóáãùãÞ .............................................................. 59
8.7.2 Ëåéôïõñãßá äéáôÜîåùí Í-ISDN ............................... 59
8.7.3 Ó÷çìáôéóìïß êáé óçìåßá áíáöïñÜò ....................... 63
8.7.4 Êáôçãïñßåò ñõèìïý ðñüóâáóçò .......................... 64
Áíáêåöáëáßùóç ............................................................................. 67
ÅñùôÞóåéò ............................................................................ 68
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ÊåöÜëáéï 9: Ëïãéóìéêü - Õëéêü ôïðé-

êþí äéêôýùí
ÌÜèçìá 9.1: Äéêôõáêü ëåéôïõñãéêü óýóôçìá .......................... 71
9.1.1 ÅéóáãùãÞ .............................................................. 71
9.1.2 Äéêôõáêü óýóôçìá ôåñìáôéêþí .............................. 71
9.1.3 Äéêôõáêü óýóôçìá ïìüôéìùí óôáèìþí
åîõðçñÝôçóçò ....................................................... 72
9.1.4 Äéêôõáêü óýóôçìá óôáèìþí åîõðçñÝôçóçò
ìå åîåéäéêåõìÝíåò ëåéôïõñãßåò ............................... 73
9.1.5 Äõíáôüôçôåò äéêôõáêþí ëåéôïõñãéêþí
óõóôçìÜôùí .......................................................... 75
9.1.6 Ðñùôüêïëëá åðéêïéíùíßáò ..................................... 76
9.1.7 ÁóöÜëåéá ............................................................... 77
ÌÜèçìá 9.2: Åéäéêüò äéêôõáêüò åîïðëéóìüò ........................... 78
9.2.1 Åðéêïéíùíéáêüò åîïðëéóìüò ................................... 78
9.2.2 ÂáóéêÝò ìïíÜäåò åðéêïéíùíéáêïý åîïðëéóìïý ....... 78
9.2.2.1 Ìåôùðéêïß åðåîåñãáóôÝò ...................................... 79
9.2.2.2 ÊÜñôåò äéêôýïõ ..................................................... 79
9.2.2.3 Äéáíïìåßò ............................................................... 80
ÌÜèçìá 9.3: ÅðáíáëÞðôåò ....................................................... 82
9.3.1 ÅéóáãùãÞ .............................................................. 82
9.3.2 ÅðáíáëÞðôåò ......................................................... 82
9.3.3 Ôýðïé åðáíáëçðôþí ............................................... 83
ÌÜèçìá 9.4: ÃÝöõñåò ............................................................... 85
9.4.1 ÅéóáãùãÞ .............................................................. 85
9.4.2 Ëåéôïõñãßåò ãåöõñþí ............................................ 86
9.4.3 Ôýðïé ãåöõñþí ...................................................... 88
ÌÜèçìá 9.5: ÄñïìïëïãçôÝò ..................................................... 91
9.5.1 ÅéóáãùãÞ .............................................................. 91
9.5.2 Ëåéôïõñãßåò äñïìïëïãçôþí ................................... 91
ÌÜèçìá 9.6: Áñ÷Ýò ó÷åäßáóçò - äéá÷åßñéóçò ôïðéêþí
äéêôýùí ................................................................ 93
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Êåöáëáéï
Tïìïó7:ÉÉ,Åéóáãùãç
Åíïôçôá óôá
Ã: Ôïðéêá Äéêôõá
Äéêôõá

9.6.1 Ó÷åäßáóç ôïðéêþí äéêôýùí ..................................... 93

9.6.2 ÂáóéêÞ äéá÷åßñéóç ôïðéêþí äéêôýùí ....................... 94
Áíáêåöáëáßùóç ............................................................................. 96
ÅñùôÞóåéò ............................................................................. 97

ÊåöÜëáéï 10: Äéáóýíäåóç ôïðéêþí

äéêôýùí
ÌÜèçìá 10.1: Áñ÷Ýò äéáóýíäåóçò ôïðéêþí äéêôýùí ................ 101
10.1.1 ÅéóáãùãÞ .............................................................. 101
10.1.2 Äéáóýíäåóç äéêôýùí .............................................. 102
10.1.3 Ôýðïé äéêôýùí ðïõ ìðïñïýí íá äéáóõíäåèïýí ...... 104
ÌÜèçìá 10.2: ÅðéëïãÞ ôïðéêïý äéêôýïõ êáé ìÝóïõ
ìåôÜäïóçò ........................................................... 106
10.2.1 ÅéóáãùãÞ .............................................................. 106
10.2.2 Ôå÷íéêÝò ìåôÜäïóçò ôïðéêþí äéêôýùí .................... 106
10.2.2.1 ÌåôÜäïóç âáóéêÞò æþíçò ..................................... 106
10.2.2.2 ÌåôÜäïóç åõñåßáò æþíçò ..................................... 107
10.2.2.3 ÌåôÜäïóç åõñåßáò æþíçò áðëïý êáíáëéïý ........... 107
10.2.3 ÌÝóá ìåôÜäïóçò ôïðéêþí äéêôýùí ........................ 108
10.2.4 Óõó÷Ýôéóç öõóéêïý ìÝóïõ êáé ôïðïëïãßáò ............ 108
ÌÜèçìá 10.3: ÅðéëïãÞ ôïðéêïý äéêôýïõ êáé ìïíÜäùí
äéáóýíäåóçò ....................................................... 110
10.3.1 ÅéóáãùãÞ .............................................................. 110
10.3.2 Äéáóýíäåóç ìå ÷ñÞóç åðáíáëçðôþí .................... 111
10.3.3 Äéáóýíäåóç ìå ÷ñÞóç ãåöõñþí ........................... 113
10.3.4 Äéáóýíäåóç ìå ÷ñÞóç äñïìïëïãçôþí .................. 117
Áíáêåöáëáßùóç ............................................................................. 120
ÅñùôÞóåéò ............................................................................. 121

Âéâëéïãñáößá ............................................................................. 122

Äéåõèýíóåéò Äéáäéêôýïõ (URLs) ...................................................... 122
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Tïìïó ÉÉ, Åíïôçôá Ã: Ôïðéêá Äéêôõá