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Example: For a magnetic circuit, on no-load condition, core loss is, PC = 16 W; apparent
power, (VA)rms = 20 𝑉𝐴, E1 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 275 V, N=200 turns. Assuming a sinusoidal flux
waveform, find:
a) Power factor,
b) Iron current, 𝐼𝑐
c) Magnetizing current, 𝐼𝑚
16
Iϕ = = 0.103 A
(194.5)(0.8)
Draw the equivalent circuit referring all parameters to H.V. & L.V. sides, respective/y,
SOLUTION:
𝑁1 2400 10 𝑁1
= = , 𝑍2′ = 𝑍2 ( )2
𝑁2 240 1 𝑁2
𝑁1
𝑍2′ = (0.007 + 𝑗0.009)( )2 Exact equivalent circuit with all parameters referred to HV side
𝑁2
= 0.7+ j0.9 Ω
~1~
Referring all parameters to LV 0.0072 0.007 Ω
side (secondary side): Ω
𝑁2 2
𝑍1 ′ = 𝑍1 ( )
𝑁1
𝑁 2 1 2
𝑍1 ′ = (0.72 + 𝑗0.92) (𝑁2 ) = (0.72 + 𝑗0.92) (10) = 0.0072 + 𝑗0.0092
1
⃗⃗⃗
𝑉𝑠 = ⃗⃗⃗
𝑉2 + ⃗⃗𝐼1 . 𝒁
Z= Zf + Zt = 1.72 + 𝑗3.42 Ω
~2~
Referred to H.V. side:
240
𝑉2 = 2328.44 ( ) = 232.8 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡
2400
Example: A 50 KVA, 2400 : 240V transformer has the following test data:
V I (Amp) P (Watt)
Determine percentage efficiency and voltage regulation of the transformer at full load, 0.8 p.f.
lagging.
From the short-circuit test data, the transformer parameters to be determined are:
48
|𝑍𝑒𝑞 𝐻 | = = 2.31Ω
20.8
617
|𝑅𝑒𝑞 𝐻 | = = 1.42Ω
(20.8)2
𝑃𝑐 = 186 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡
Where,
2
50000 2
(𝑃𝑐 )𝐹.𝐿. = 𝐼𝐹.𝐿 𝑅=( ) (1.42) = 617 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡
2400
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 40000
%𝜂 = 𝑥100 = 𝑥100 = 98%
𝑃𝑖𝑛 40803
𝑉2 = 240𝑉,
2400
𝑉2 ′ = . 240 = 2400𝑉
240
~3~
′
⃗⃗⃗
𝑉1 = ⃗⃗⃗
𝑉2 + ⃗⃗𝐼1 . 𝑍𝑒𝑞𝐻 = 2400∠0∘ + 20.8∠−36.9∘ (1.42 + 𝑗1.82) = 2400∠0∘ + 48.0∠15.1∘
If the load is removed while the primary voltage is held constant, the secondary voltage referred to
H.V. side will rise to 2446 Volt
Example: A 50 Hz, two winding transformer is rated as 3 KVA, 220/110 Volt. This transformer is
connected as a step-up auto transformer to deliver 330 V to a resistive load when the input is from a
220 V source. Assuming that the transformer is ideal find:
a-) the value of the load resistance for which rated current will flow in each winding.
b-) the power delivered by transformer action and the power delivered by conduction.
c-) the input impedance looking from the load side
SOLUTION:
Rated Currents:
3000
𝐼1 = = 13.65 𝐴𝑚𝑝
220
3000
𝐼2 = = 27.3 𝐴𝑚𝑝
110
330
(a) 𝑅𝐿 = 27.3 = 12.1 Ω
~4~
𝑉𝑖𝑛 220
𝑍𝑖𝑛 = = = 5.37 Ω
𝐼𝑖𝑛 40.95
SOLUTION:
50000
𝐼1 = = 20.8𝐴
2400
50000
𝐼2 = = 208𝐴
240
~5~