GERMAN – MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE

ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES
(EET0113)
PRACTICAL HANDOUT

DIRECT CURRENT
( DC )
DIRECT CURRENT (DC) MARKS
PRACTICAL 1 OHM’S LAW / 50 MARKS
PRACTICAL 2 SERIES CIRCUIT ANALYSIS / 50 MARKS
PRACTICAL 3 PARALLEL CIRCUIT ANALYSIS / 50 MARKS

STUDENT
NAME :
GROUP
MEMBERS :

TTO
NAME :

REMARK :

2016
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GERMAN-MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES

PRACTICAL 1 OHM’S LAW / 50 MARKS

1 OBJECTIVE

1) Able to understand the relationship of Current, Voltage and Resistance.

2) Able to use a Multimeter in the measurement process.
3) Able to plot a graph from the measurements obtained.

2 INTRODUCTION

Ohm’s Law is expressed in three equivalent forms depending on which quantity needs to be determined.
Current and Voltage are linearly proportional while Current and Resistance are inversely proportional.

= = =

Using Multimeter to make measurement :

a) To measure current: Multimeter in Series with resistor.
b) To measure voltage: Multimeter in Parallel with resistor.

3 INSTRUMENT AND COMPONENT

NO COMPONENT / INSTRUMENT UNITS

1 Multimeter 1
Resistor
a) 100 Ω 1
2
b) 470 Ω 1
c) 1 kΩ 1
3 DC voltage supply ( 0 – 15V ) 1

4 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

Figure 1
5 PROCEDURE

1) Construct the circuit as in Figure 1. Make sure the connections to measure current and voltage are correct.
2) Vary the DC supply according to Table 1.
3) Measure the current flow in every resistor and record in Table 1.
4) Calculate the theoretical current and record in Table 1.
5) Repeat Step 2 to Step 4 for a different DC supply.
6) Plot a graph of Voltage (V) against Current (I) for the 1 kΩ resistor. Used the measured values to plot
the graph. Calculate the slope of the graph.

2016
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GERMAN-MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES

6 RESULT

Current (mA)
Voltage (V) Resistor (Ω)
Measured Calculated
100
2 470
1k
100
4 470
1k
100
6 470
1k
100
8 470
1k
100
10 470
1k
Table 1
/30 MARKS

7 DISCUSSION

/5 MARKS

8 CONCLUSION

/5 MARKS

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9 GRAPH
Plot a graph of Voltage (V) against Current (I)

/ 10 MARKS

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GERMAN-MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES

PRACTICAL 2 SERIES CIRCUIT ANALYSIS / 50 MARKS

1 OBJECTIVE

1) Able to construct a series connection circuit.

2) Able to observe current and voltage behaviours in the circuit.
3) Able to apply Ohm’s Law and Voltage Divider Rule (VDR) in calculation.
4) Able to apply Kirchhoff‘s Voltage Law (KVL).

2 INTRODUCTION

Series circuit form only one path for current to flow, therefore current flow through every resistor is the same.
= = = =⋯=

Series circuit implies Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) where the sum of all voltage drops across every resistor
is equal to the supply voltage (Vs).
= + + + ⋯+

The total resistance (RT) in the series circuit is equal to the sum of all resistances of every resistor in the circuit.
= + + + ⋯+

The total supply voltage is equal to the sum of all voltage drops across every resistor. Voltage Divider rule can
be used to calculate each voltage drop across the resistor.
= ( )

Using Multimeter to make measurement :

a) To measure current: Multimeter in Series with resistor.
b) To measure voltage: Multimeter in Parallel with resistor.

3 INSTRUMENT AND COMPONENT

NO COMPONENT / INSTRUMENT UNITS

1 Multimeter 1
2 Resistor
a) R1 = 100 Ω 1
b) R2 = 470 Ω 1
c) R3 = 1 kΩ 1

4 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

A B R1 C D

DC R2
R3
H G F E
Figure 1

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GERMAN-MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES

5 PROCEDURE

1) Construct the circuit as in Figure 1.

2) Measure the total resistance of the circuit before DC supply is connected and record in Table 1.
3) Set the DC supply as stated in the Table 1. All measurements must be recorded in the table.
4) Measure the current flow between points A-B, C-D, E-F and G-H.
5) Measure the voltage drop between points B-C, D-E, and F-G.
6) Repeat Step 3 to Step 5 for a different DC supply according to Table 1.
7) Calculate the voltage drop across every resistor by using Ohm’s Law and record in Table 2.

6 RESULT

Value of measured total resistance (RT) : ___________ Ω

VOLTAGE (V) CURRENT (mA)

DC
Supply A-H B-C D-E F-G A-B C-D E-F G-H
(V)

4
Measured

10
Table 1
/16 MARKS

RESISTOR
DC
Supply 100 Ω 470 Ω 1 kΩ
(V)

2
Calculated

10
Table 2
/16 MARKS

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GERMAN-MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES

7 QUESTION

Show the calculation of voltage drop between points B-C, D-E and F-G by using
Voltage Divider Rule (VDR) when the DC supply is 6 V.

/9 MARKS

8 DISCUSSION

/6 MARKS

9 CONCLUSION

/3 MARKS

2016
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GERMAN-MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES

PRACTICAL 3 PARALLEL CIRCUIT ANALYSIS / 50 MARKS

1 OBJECTIVE

1) Able to construct a parallel connection circuit.

2) Able to observe current and voltage behaviours in the circuit.
3) Able to apply Ohm’s Law and Current Divider Rule (CDR) in calculation.
4) Able to apply Kirchhoff‘s Current Law (KCL).

2 INTRODUCTION

A parallel circuit which is connected across a voltage supply has the same value of voltage across it, therefore
the voltage drop across every resistor is the same.
= = = =⋯=

Parallel circuit implies Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) where the sum of all currents into a node is the same
as the current out of the node.
= + + + ⋯+

The total resistance (RT) in the parallel circuit is equal to the sum of all resistances of every resistor in the
circuit.
=
+ + +⋯+

Current Divider rule can be used to calculate each current flow through every resistor.

 If circuit consists of only two branches, the formula below can be used

= ( ) = ( )
+ +

 If more than two branches exist, the formula below can be used

= ( )

Using Multimeter to make measurement :

a) To measure current: Multimeter in Series with resistor.
b) To measure voltage: Multimeter in Parallel with resistor.

3 INSTRUMENT AND COMPONENT

NO COMPONENT / INSTRUMENT UNITS

1 Multimeter 1
2 Resistor
a) R1 = 820 Ω (or 680 Ω) 1
b) R2 = 1 kΩ 1
c) R3 = 2.2 kΩ 1
3 Switch – ON/OFF, 1 pole (optional) 1

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4 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

Figure 1
5 PROCEDURE

1) Construct the circuit as in Figure 1.

2) Measure the total resistance of the circuit before DC supply is connected and record in Table 1.
3) Set the DC supply as stated in the Table 1. All measurements must be recorded in the table.
4) Measure the voltage drop between points C-P, D-O, E-N and F-M.
5) Measure the current flow between points A-B, I-J, H-K and G-L.
6) Repeat Step 3 to Step 5 for a different DC supply according to Table 1.
7) Calculate the value of current flow through every resistor by using Ohm’s Law and record in Table 2.

6 RESULT

VOLTAGE (V) CURRENT (mA)

DC
Supply C-P D-O E-N F-M A-B I-J H-K G-L
(V)

4
Measured

10
Table 1
/16 MARKS
RESISTOR Total
DC
Supply 820 Ω 1 kΩ 2.2 kΩ _________ Ω
(V)

2
Calculated

10
Table 2
2016 /16 MARKS
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GERMAN-MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES

7 QUESTION

Show the calculation of current flow between points I-J, H-K and G-L by using
Current Divider Rule (CDR) when the DC supply is 6 V.

/9 MARKS

8 DISCUSSION

/6 MARKS

9 CONCLUSION

/3 MARKS

2016