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Microsoft Azure - Wikipedia 7/28/19, 12)44 PM
Microsoft Azure
Microsoft Azure (formerly Windows Azure /ˈæʒər/) is a cloud
computing service created by Microsoft for building, testing, deploying, and
Microsoft Azure
managing applications and services through Microsoft-managed data centers.
It provides software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and
infrastructure as a service (IaaS) and supports many different programming
languages, tools and frameworks, including both Microsoft-specific and Developer(s) Microsoft
third-party software and systems. Initial release February 1,
2010
Azure was announced in October 2008, started with codename "Project Red
Operating system Linux, Microsoft
Dog",[1] and released on February 1, 2010, as "Windows Azure" before being
Windows
renamed "Microsoft Azure" on March 25, 2014.[2][3]
License Closed source
Most users run Linux on Azure, some of the many Linux distributions for platform,
offered, including Microsoft's own Linux-based Azure Sphere.[4] Open source
for client SDKs
Website azure.microsoft
Contents .com (https://az
ure.microsoft.co
Services
Compute m)
Mobile services
Storage services
Data management
Messaging
Media services
CDN
Developer
Management
Machine learning
Azure Blockchain Workbench
Functions
IoT
Regional expansion and examples
Design
Deployment models
Timeline
Privacy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Azure Page 1 of 13
Significant outages
Certifications
Key people
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Services
Microsoft lists over 600 Azure services,[5] of which some are covered below:
Compute
Virtual machines, infrastructure as a service (IaaS) allowing users to launch general-purpose Microsoft Windows and
Linux virtual machines, as well as preconfigured machine images for popular software packages.[6]
App services, platform as a service (PaaS) environment letting developers easily publish and manage websites.
Websites, high density hosting of websites allows developers to build sites using ASP.NET, PHP, Node.js, or Python
and can be deployed using FTP, Git, Mercurial, Team Foundation Server or uploaded through the user portal. This
feature was announced in preview form in June 2012 at the Meet Microsoft Azure event.[7] Customers can create
websites in PHP, ASP.NET, Node.js, or Python, or select from several open source applications from a gallery to
deploy. This comprises one aspect of the platform as a service (PaaS) offerings for the Microsoft Azure Platform. It
was renamed to Web Apps in April 2015.[2][8]
WebJobs, applications that can be deployed to an App Service environment to implement background processing
that can be invoked on a schedule, on demand, or run continuously. The Blob, Table and Queue services can be
used to communicate between WebApps and WebJobs and to provide state.
Mobile services
Mobile Engagement collects real-time analytics that highlight users’ behavior. It also provides push notifications to
mobile devices.[9]
HockeyApp can be used to develop, distribute, and beta-test mobile apps.[10]
Storage services
Storage Services provides REST and SDK APIs for storing and accessing data on the cloud.
Table Service lets programs store structured text in partitioned collections of entities that are accessed by partition
key and primary key. It's a NoSQL non-relational database.
Blob Service allows programs to store unstructured text and binary data as blobs that can be accessed by a HTTP(S)
path. Blob service also provides security mechanisms to control access to data.
Queue Service lets programs communicate asynchronously by message using queues.
File Service allows storing and access of data on the cloud using the REST APIs or the SMB protocol.[11]
Data management
Azure Search provides text search and a subset of OData's structured filters using REST or SDK APIs.
Cosmos DB is a NoSQL database service that implements a subset of the SQL SELECT statement on JSON
documents.
Redis Cache is a managed implementation of Redis.
StorSimple manages storage tasks between on-premises devices and cloud storage.[12]
SQL Database, formerly known as SQL Azure Database, works to create, scale and extend applications into the
cloud using Microsoft SQL Server technology. It also integrates with Active Directory and Microsoft System Center
and Hadoop.[13]
Azure SQL Data Warehouse is a fully managed cloud data warehouse for enterprises of any size that combines
lightning-fast query performance with industry-leading data security[14].
Azure Data Factory, is a data integration service that allows creation of data-driven workflows in the cloud for
orchestrating and automating data movement and data transformation.[15]
Azure Data Lake is a scalable data storage and analytic service for big data analytics workloads that require
developers to run massively parallel queries.
Azure HDInsight[16] is a big data relevant service, that deploys Hortonworks Hadoop on Microsoft Azure, and
supports the creation of Hadoop clusters using Linux with Ubuntu.
Azure Stream Analytics is a Serverless scalable event processing engine that enables users to develop and run real-
time analytics on multiple streams of data from sources such as devices, sensors, web sites, social media, and other
applications.
Messaging
The Microsoft Azure Service Bus allows applications running on Azure premises or off premises devices to communicate
with Azure. This helps to build scalable and reliable applications in a service-oriented architecture (SOA). The Azure
service bus supports four different types of communication mechanisms:[17][18]
Event Hubs, which provide event and telemetry ingress to the cloud at massive scale, with low latency and high
reliability. For example an event hub can be used to track data from cell phones such as a GPS location coordinate in
real time[19].
Queues, which allow one-directional communication. A sender application would send the message to the service
bus queue, and a receiver would read from the queue. Though there can be multiple readers for the queue only one
would process a single message.
Topics, which provide one-directional communication using a subscriber pattern. It is similar to a queue, however
each subscriber will receive a copy of the message sent to a Topic. Optionally the subscriber can filter out messages
based on specific criteria defined by the subscriber.
Relays, which provide bi-directional communication. Unlike queues and topics, a relay doesn't store in-flight
messages in its own memory. Instead, it just passes them on to the destination application.
Media services
A PaaS offering that can be used for encoding, content protection, streaming, or analytics.
CDN
A global content delivery network (CDN) for audio, video, applications, images, and other static files. It can be used to
cache static assets of websites geographically closer to users to increase performance. The network can be managed by a
REST based HTTP API.
Azure has 54 point of presence locations worldwide (also known as Edge locations) as of August 2018.[20]
Developer
Application Insights
Azure DevOps
Management
Azure Automation, provides a way for users to automate the manual, long-running, error-prone, and frequently
repeated tasks that are commonly performed in a cloud and enterprise environment. It saves time and increases the
reliability of regular administrative tasks and even schedules them to be automatically performed at regular intervals.
You can automate processes using runbooks or automate configuration management using Desired State
Configuration.[21]
Microsoft SMA
Machine learning
Microsoft Azure Machine Learning (Azure ML) service is part of Cortana Intelligence Suite that enables predictive
analytics and interaction with data using natural language and speech through Cortana.[22]
Cognitive Services (formerly Project Oxford) are a set of APIs, SDKs and services available to developers to make
their applications more intelligent, engaging and discoverable.
Azure Blockchain Workbench

Through Azure[23] Blockchain Workbench, Microsoft is providing the required infrastructure to setup a consortium
network in multiple topologies using a variety of consensus mechanisms. Microsoft provides integration from these
blockchain platforms to other Microsoft services to streamline development of distributed applications. Microsoft
supports many general-purpose blockchains including Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric and purpose-built blockchains
like Corda.
Functions
Azure functions are used in serverless computing architectures where subscribers can execute code as a Function-as-a-
Service (FaaS) without managing the underlying server resources.[24]
IoT
Azure IoT Hub lets you connect, monitor, and manage billions of IoT assets. On February 4, 2016, Microsoft
announced the General Availability of the Azure IoT Hub service.[25]

Azure IoT Edge is a fully managed service built on IoT Hub that allows for cloud intelligence deployed locally on IoT
edge devices.
Azure IoT Central is a fully managed SaaS app that makes it easy to connect, monitor, and manage IoT assets at
scale[26]. On December 5, 2017, Microsoft announced the Public Preview of Azure IoT Central; its Azure IoT SaaS
service.[27]
On October 4, 2017, Microsoft began shipping GA versions of the official Microsoft Azure IoT Developer Kit (DevKit)
board; manufactured by MXChip.[28]
On April 16, 2018, Microsoft announced the launch of the Azure Sphere, an end-to-end IoT product that focuses on
microcontroller-based devices and uses Linux.[29]
On June 27, 2018, Microsoft launched Azure IoT Edge, used to run Azure services and artificial intelligence on IoT
devices.[30]
On November 20, 2018, Microsoft launched the Open Enclave SDK for cross-platform systems such as Arm
TrustZone and Intel SGX.[31]
Regional expansion and examples

Azure is generally available in 42 regions around the world. Microsoft has announced an additional 12 regions to be
opened soon (as of October 2018).[32] Microsoft is the first hyper-scale cloud provider that has committed to building
facilities on the continent of Africa with two regions located in South Africa.[33] An Azure geography contains multiple
Azure Regions, such as example “North Europe” (Dublin, Ireland), “West Europe” (Amsterdam, Netherlands). Where a
location represents the city or area of the Azure Region. Each Azure Region is paired with another region within the same
geography; this makes them a regional pair. In this example, Amsterdam and Dublin are the locations which form the
regional-pair.[1] (https://www.cloudelicious.net/azure-region-and-datacenter-find-your-best-match/)
Microsoft has some Gold partners available across the globe to sell its products. In August 2018, Toyota Tsusho began a
partnership with Microsoft to create fish farming tools using the Microsoft Azure application suite for IoT technologies
related to water management. Developed in part by researchers from Kindai University, the water pump mechanisms use
artificial intelligence to count the number of fish on a conveyor belt, analyze the number of fish, and deduce the
effectiveness of water flow from the data the fish provide. The specific computer programs used in the process fall under
the Azure Machine Learning and the Azure IoT Hub platforms.[34]
Design
Microsoft Azure uses a specialized operating system, called Microsoft Azure, to run its "fabric layer":[35] a cluster hosted
at Microsoft's data centers that manages computing and storage resources of the computers and provisions the resources
(or a subset of them) to applications running on top of Microsoft Azure. Microsoft Azure has been described as a "cloud
layer" on top of a number of Windows Server systems, which use Windows Server 2008 and a customized version of
Hyper-V, known as the Microsoft Azure Hypervisor to provide virtualization of services.[36]
Scaling and reliability are controlled by the Microsoft Azure Fabric Controller[37], which ensures the services and
environment do not fail if one or more of the servers fails within the Microsoft data center, and which also provides the
management of the user's Web application such as memory allocation and load balancing.[38]
Azure provides an API built on REST, HTTP, and XML that allows a developer to interact with the services provided by
Microsoft Azure. Microsoft also provides a client-side managed class library that encapsulates the functions of interacting
with the services. It also integrates with Microsoft Visual Studio, Git, and Eclipse.[39][40][41]
In addition to interacting with services via API, users can manage Azure services using the Web-based Azure Portal, which
reached General Availability in December 2015.[42] The portal allows users to browse active resources, modify settings,
launch new resources, and view basic monitoring data from active virtual machines and services. More advanced Azure
management services are available.[43]
Deployment models
Microsoft Azure offers two deployment models for cloud resources: the "classic" deployment model and the Azure
Resource Manager.[44] In the classic model, each Azure resource (virtual machine, SQL database, etc.) was managed
individually. The Azure Resource Manager, introduced in 2014,[44] enables users to create groups of related services so
that closely coupled resources can be deployed, managed, and monitored together.[45]
Timeline
October 2008 (PDC LA) – Announced the Windows Azure Platform[46]
March 2009 – Announced SQL Azure Relational Database
November 2009 – Updated Windows Azure CTP, Enabled full trust, PHP,
Java, CDN CTP and more
February 1, 2010 – Windows Azure Platform commercially
available[47][48]
June 2010 – Windows Azure Update, .NET Framework 4, OS
Versioning, CDN, SQL Azure Update[49]
October 2010 (PDC) – Platform enhancements, Windows Azure Ray Ozzie announcing Windows
Connect, improved Dev / IT Pro Experience. Azure at PDC 2008, October 27
December 2011 – Traffic manager, SQL Azure reporting, HPC scheduler
June 2012 – Websites, Virtual machines for Windows and Linux, Python
SDK, new portal, locally redundant storage
April 2014 – Windows Azure renamed to Microsoft Azure[2], ARM Portal introduced at Build 2014.
July 2014 – Azure Machine Learning public preview[50]
November 2014 – Outage affecting major websites including MSN.com[51]
September 2015 – Azure Cloud Switch introduced as a cross-platform Linux distribution.[52]
December, 2015 – Azure ARM Portal (codename "Ibiza") released.[53]
March, 2016 – Azure Service Fabric is Generally Available (GA)[54]
September 2017 – Microsoft Azure gets a new logo and a Manifesto[55]
July 16, 2018 – Azure Service Fabric Mesh public preview[56]
September 24, 2018 – Microsoft Azure IoT Central is Generally Available (GA)[57]
October 10, 2018 – Microsoft joins the Linux-oriented group Open Invention Network.[58]
April 17, 2019 – Azure Front Door Service is now available.[59]
Privacy
Microsoft has stated that, per the USA Patriot Act, the US government could have access to the data even if the hosted
company is not American and the data resides outside the USA.[60] However, Microsoft Azure is compliant with the E.U.
Data Protection Directive (95/46/EC).[61][62] To manage privacy and security-related concerns, Microsoft has created a
Microsoft Azure Trust Center,[63] and Microsoft Azure has several of its services compliant with several compliance
programs including ISO 27001:2005 and HIPAA. A full and current listing can be found on the Microsoft Azure Trust
Center Compliance page.[64] Of special note, Microsoft Azure has been granted JAB Provisional Authority to Operate (P-
ATO) from the U.S. government in accordance with guidelines spelled out under the Federal Risk and Authorization
Management Program (FedRAMP), a U.S. government program that provides a standardized approach to security
assessment, authorization, and continuous monitoring for cloud services used by the federal government.[65]
Significant outages
The following is a list of Microsoft Azure outages and service disruptions.
Date Cause Notes
Incorrect code for calculating leap

2012-02-29
day dates[66]
Misconfigured network
2012-07-26
device[67][68]
2013-02-22 Expiry of an SSL certificate[69] Xbox Live, Xbox Music and Video also affected[70]
Worldwide partial compute

2013-10-30
outage[71]
Azure storage upgrade caused

Xbox Live, Windows Store, MSN, Search, Visual Studio
2014-11-18 reduced capacity across several
Online among others were affected.[73]
regions[72]
2015-12-03 Active Directory issues[74]
2016-09-15 Global DNS outage[75]
2017-03-15 Storage tier issues[76]
2017-10-03 Fire system glitch[77]
2018-06-20 Cooling system failure[78] North Europe region experienced 11 hours of downtime
Cooling system failure due to Brought down numerous services in multiple regions for
2018-09-04 inadequate surge protection over 25 hours, with some services remaining affected until
(lightning strike)[79] three days later
2019-05-02 DNS Migration Issue[80]
Certifications
Microsoft Azure certifications
Key people
Mark Russinovich, CTO, Microsoft Azure[81]
Scott Guthrie, Executive Vice President of the Cloud and Enterprise group in Microsoft
Jason Zander, Executive Vice President, Microsoft Azure[82]
Julia White, Corporate Vice President, Microsoft Azure[83]
See also
Cloud computing comparison
Comparison of file hosting services
Azure Dev Tools for Teaching
Microsoft Azure for Students (https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/free/students/)
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22/4019772/xbox-live-and-windows-azure-suffering-from-extended-outages). Theverge.com. Retrieved June 27,
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80. Pietschmann, Chris. "May 2, 2019: Major Azure Outage Due to DNS Migration Issue" (https://buildazure.com/2019/0
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Microsoft Azure (https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/)
Further reading
Chappell, David (October 2008). "Introducing Windows Azure" (http://download.microsoft.com/download/e/4/3/e43bb
484-3b52-4fa8-a9f9-ec60a32954bc/Azure_Services_Platform.pdf) (PDF). Microsoft.
"Stairway to Azure (3): Componentes de Cómputo y Almacenamiento" (http://blogs.msdn.com/b/warnov/archive/2009
/11/19/stairway-to-azure-3.aspx). WarNov Developer Evangelist. Microsoft. November 19, 2009. Retrieved
December 20, 2013.
"Microsoft Azure platform Demystified - Part 1 & 2" (http://www.dotnetcurry.com/windows-azure/1299/microsoft-azure
-platform-services-overview). DNC Magazine. August 2016.
External links
Official website (http://azure.microsoft.com)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Azure&oldid=905337035"
This page was last edited on 8 July 2019, at 13:50 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this
site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia
Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

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Microsoft Azure - Wikipedia 7/28/19, 12)44 PM

Azure Blockchain Workbench

announced the General Availability of the Azure IoT Hub service.[25]

Regional expansion and examples

Date Cause Notes

Incorrect code for calculating leap

Worldwide partial compute

Azure storage upgrade caused

2015-12-03 Active Directory issues[74]

2016-09-15 Global DNS outage[75]

2017-03-15 Storage tier issues[76]

2017-10-03 Fire system glitch[77]

2019-05-02 DNS Migration Issue[80]

Microsoft Azure certifications

54. Fussell, Mark. "Azure Service Fabric is GA!" (https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/azure-service-fabric-is-ga/).

n-azure-storage-service-interruption/). Microsoft. Retrieved December 5, 2014.

Azure Documentation (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/)

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