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* EN BANC.
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people mean what they say. Thus these are cases where the need
for construction is reduced to a minimum.
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NACHURA, J.:
Confronting us is an undesignated petition1 filed by
Atty. Romulo B. Macalintal (Atty. Macalintal), that
questions the constitution of the Presidential Electoral
Tribunal (PET) as an illegal and unauthorized progeny of
Section 4,2 Article VII of the Constitution:
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790
I
WHETHER x x x PETITIONER HAS LOCUS STANDI TO FILE
THE INSTANT PETITION.
II
WHETHER x x x THE CREATION OF THE PRESIDENTIAL
ELECTORAL TRIBUNAL IS UNCONSTITUTIONAL FOR
BEING A VIOLATION OF PARAGRAPH 7, SECTION 4 OF
ARTICLE VII OF THE 1987 CONSTITUTION.
III
WHETHER x x x THE DESIGNATION OF MEMBERS OF THE
SUPREME COURT AS MEMBERS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL
ELECTORAL TRIBUNAL IS UNCONSTITUTIONAL FOR
BEING A VIOLATION OF SECTION 12, ARTICLE VIII OF THE
1987 CONSTITUTION.6
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12 G.R. Nos. 171396, 171409, 171485, 171483, 171400, 171489, and
171424, May 3, 2006, 489 SCRA 160, 216-221. (Citations omitted.)
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13 Poe v. Macapagal-Arroyo, P.E.T. Case No. 002, March 29, 2005, 454
SCRA 142.
14 Cruz, Philippine Political Law, 1998 ed., p. 263.
15 G.R. Nos. 161434, 161634, and 161824, March 3, 2004, 424 SCRA
277, 324-325. (Emphasis supplied.)
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16 Id., at p. 363.
17 Id., at pp. 431-432.
18 Atty. Macalintal v. Commission on Elections, 453 Phil. 586; 405
SCRA 614 (2003).
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The Court could not have been more explicit then on the
plenary grant and exercise of judicial power. Plainly, the
abstraction of the Supreme Court acting as a Presidential
Electoral Tribunal from the unequivocal grant of
jurisdiction in the last paragraph of Section 4, Article VII of
the Constitution is sound and tenable.
The mirabile dictu of the grant of jurisdiction to this
Court, albeit found in the Article on the executive branch of
government, and the constitution of the PET, is evident in
the discussions of the Constitutional Commission. On the
exercise of this Court’s judicial power as sole judge of
presidential and vice-presidential election contests, and to
promulgate its rules
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25 G.R. No. 88211, September 15, 1989, 177 SCRA 668, 688-689.
(Emphasis supplied, citations omitted.)
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Before the passage of that republic act, in case there was any
contest between two presidential candidates or two vice-
presidential candidates, no one had jurisdiction over it. So, it
became necessary to create a Presidential Electoral
Tribunal. What we have done is to constitutionalize what
was statutory but it is not an infringement on the
separation of powers because the power being given to the
Supreme Court is a judicial power.31
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“FR. BERNAS.x x x.
x x x. So it became necessary to create a Presidential Electoral
Tribunal. What we have done is to constitutionalize what was
statutory but it is not an infringement on the separation of
powers because the power being given to the Supreme Court is a
judicial power.”34
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MR. MAAMBONG. x x x.
My questions will be very basic so we can go as fast as we can.
In the case of the electoral tribunal, either of the House or of the
Senate, is it correct to say that these tribunals are constitutional
creations? I will distinguish these with the case of the
Tanodbayan and the Sandiganbayan which are created by
mandate of the Constitution but they are not constitutional
creations. Is that a good distinction?
xxxx
MR. MAAMBONG. Could we, therefore, say that either the
Senate Electoral Tribunal or the House Electoral Tribunal is a
constitutional body?
MR. AZCUNA. It is, Madam President.
MR. MAAMBONG. If it is a constitutional body, is it then
subject to constitutional restrictions?
MR. AZCUNA. It would be subject to constitutional
restrictions intended for that body.
MR. MAAMBONG. I see. But I want to find out if the ruling
in the case of Vera v. Avelino, 77 Phil. 192, will still be applicable
to the present bodies we are creating since it ruled that the
electoral tribunals are not separate departments of the
government. Would that ruling still be valid?
MR. AZCUNA. Yes, they are not separate departments
because the separate departments are the legislative, the
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nal, 250 Phil. 390; 168 SCRA 391 (1988); Robles v. House of Representatives
Electoral Tribunal, G.R. No. 86647, February 5, 1990, 181 SCRA 780.
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43 Supra note 4.
44 Javellana v. Executive Secretary, et al., 151-A Phil. 36, 131; 50 SCRA
30 (1973).
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Petition dismissed.
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