FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE TARDINESS OF THE

STUDENTS IN NATATAS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

(NNHS) SY 2018-2019.

CHAPTER 1

.INTRODUCTION
Late coming to school is one of the major problems that have plagued many
schools; there is hardly any school that is spared from this problem. The impact of
this great menace cannot be over emphasized, as it has contributed immensely in a
negative way to the academic achievement of learners and the functioning of the
school (Okpupara and Chuwuone, 2007).

A school is primarily an established institution that aims to educate learners

(Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, 2010). It is designed with the purpose of
bringing children from different families together under one roof (the classroom) for
the purpose of teaching and learning under the direction of teachers. One of the
important traits entering into a successful person’s character is the habit of
punctuality (Phurutse, 2005).

Effective teaching and learning cannot take place without the coming together of
the teacher and the learners (Oghuvbu, 2012).

A learner that is not regular in school, faces learning problems resulting from
late – coming to school such as, truancy, and inability to read and not consulting
with the teacher (Onouwodeke, 1995).
 Lateness can be viewed as an outcome of laxity or system breakdown
(Peretemode, 1991).

Lateness is a function of time and as such time is usually used as the criteria for
determining lateness. Late coming violates the principle of punctuality and if not
checked at the onset, may become a habit with the individual involved and may have
negative consequences (Breeze et al., 2010).

The importance of education is increasing and is regarded highly. The societies

of the past are on the front rank of the world civilization on account of education,
this educational system may be seriously hampered as a result of late-coming
especially in high schools. In most developing countries, Lateness is a major and a
continuous administrative problem among high school learners the society suffers a
lot as. (Egbule, 2004; Dafiaghor, 2011).

The effects of tardiness among students are mostly negative since tardiness is
both disruptive and inconsiderate. Teachers should have a strict policy in place to
deal with the issue, and they should follow through with their policy when necessary.
According to the Global Post, arriving to school and classes on time is important,
but sometimes even the most punctual students find themselves running behind
schedule. Tardiness is measured differently depending on the organization, but
technically anyone who arrives to class after its official start is considered tardy.
How a teacher chooses to handle tardiness could depend on several factors. First,
many schools have policies for lateness that state the penalties for being late for
class. For example, a school could have a policy that three instances of tardiness
equal an absence, or students who are late to class lose participation points for the
day. If there is no policy in place, a teacher can create a penalty that helps to curb
the habit of arriving for class late, such as requiring latecomers to take a quiz or
assigning additional homework for the infraction. It is important to keep tardiness to
a minimum because students who habitually arrive late to class are disruptive. When
a student arrives to a class after the lecture has already started, the teacher is forced
to either stop lecturing to adjust the attendance sheet or make a note to adjust it later.
For other students, the distraction of a student getting to their seat, taking out their
books and writing utensils and shuffling papers takes away from their learning
experience. For these reasons, tardiness should be discouraged as much as possible.

Students are tardy for a variety of reasons, but being late to class can become a
habit that can have a negative effect on their success in school. Schools often
establish an attendance policy that includes punishment for multiple tardies. A firm
policy can help schools promote student punctuality and accountability -- traits that
students can carry with them even after they finish school

This study examines the problem of tardiness in students. It examined it from

the point of view of factors such as parental attitudes, family structure and
socioeconomic status, teacher attitudes, and schoolmates' influence. However,
tardiness could be problem in this case because the tardy student misses the
opportunity to be exposed to these concepts. Many important concepts are taught at
the beginning of the school day. The tardy student misses the opportunity of being
exposed to these concepts. The problem of tardiness has, by and large, been
historically viewed in casual manner. Caldwell, Hutt, and Grabber (1982) found
that "the amount of time spent in learning is an important factor in determining
student's achievement" (p. 17). Chronic tardiness takes away time from lessons,
resulting in failure to grasp necessary concepts and developing inconsistencies in
learning and building upon the next lesson. Factors in both the home and school
environments contribute greatly to the development of a student's attitude towards
tardiness. The majority of the student's learned behavior is initiated by persons at
home and subsequently at school. These persons are usually parents and teachers.
Parents are normally the first teachers in child's life, they influence children
psychologically, physiologically, and sociologically. When teachers receive
students, they will educationally challenge them in an effort to broaden their
perceptions of the world. Additionally, most students enjoy social interaction with
their schoolmates and because of this interaction, schoolmates influence each
other.

STATEMENT OF THE STUDY

This study is intended to find out the student factors that affect the tardiness of the
students in natatas national high school (NNHS) SY 2018-2019. Specifically the
following problems are sought to be answered:

1. What is the difference between the perception of chronically tardy and non-
tardy students with respect to parental attitudes?

2. How does family structure—in terms of the number of persons in the home-
differ between chronically tardy and non-tardy students?

3. How does family structure—in terms of the number of children in the home-
differ between chronically tardy and non-tardy students?

4. How does family structure—in terms of the presence of the father in the
home—differ between chronically tardy and non-tardy students?

5. How does family structure—in terms of the presence of the mother in the
home—differ between chronically tardy and non-tardy students?
6. How does socioeconomic status differ between chronically tardy and non-tardy
students?

7. What is the difference between the perception of chronically tardy and non-tardy
students with respect to teacher attitudes?

8. Do schoolmates' influence differ between the perceptions of chronically tardy

and non-tardy students?

The findings of this study will rebound to the benefit of society considering that
being on time plays an important role in most situations. The greater demand for
students with high grades justifies the need for more effective ways to regulate
tardiness. Thus, students that apply the recommended approach derived from the
results of this study will be able to regulate and manage tardiness. For the
researchers, the study will help them uncover critical areas in the case of tardiness
in students. Thus, a new theory on how to be not late may be arrived. Definition of
Terms For a better and clearer understanding about this study, the following terms
are operationally defined. Tardiness is a habit of being late or delayed arriving in
agreed time. Lateness refers to students going to class daily, below the normal time
schedule for the class. Cywar refers to a particular person who don’t take seriously
what he/ she have told about a person. Chronically tardy refers to a student that is
going to school late in a long-lasting or habitual and problematic way

Objectives of the study

 To emphasize the importance of punctuality to the lives of students

 To give suggestions on how to prevent student tardiness

 To specify the effects of being tardy in School

 To point out the reasons of students being late in School

 To show various intervention methods Schools use to discipline students

 To give ways on how parents and teachers can help fight student tardiness

Time and place of the study

This study will take place at the Natatas National High School located at zone
6, Brgy. Natatas, Tanauan city, Batangas This School year 2018-2019.It will
involve selected students from all grade levels from grades 7 to 10 to know their
perception of the importance of punctuality among students, year 2018-2019.

Scopes and limitation

This research will only include the student that affect the tardiness of the students
in natatas national high school. (NNHS) SY 2018-2019. This study will also
include the effects of failure students in the academic performance and the possible
job opportunities in the future.

This research will only include the students who are currently studying at the
Natatas National High School for the School year 2018-2019.

Definition of terms

The following terms are defined conceptually and operationally to better

understand this study.
Tardiness- the habit of passing projects and arriving late to School that can affect
the academic performance and the future job ethics of an individual

Emphasize- to put emphasis or highlight a certain aspect of something

Socioeconomic- relating to or concerned with the interaction of social and

economic factor

Hampered- to prevent someone doing something easily

HYPOTHESIS
There is significant relationship between the students that affect the tardiness of the
students in natatas national high school. There is no significant relationship
between the Sustainability of the student that affect the tardiness of the students in
natatas national high school.

Chapter 2

Review of related literature

This part of the research will feature the reason why students come late to School
and its effect.
 This research will also include the disciplinary measures being used by different
Schools to convince students to not come late to School as a habit.

Furthermore, the effects of proper time management to help avoid being late will
be featured.

When students are tardy or absent, or when they drop out of school, sequential
earning cannot occur, subject matter and skills cannot be developed, and much
student talent is wasted .at – risk students identify in the school setting include
goes exhibiting signs of alcohol consumption, drug abuse, or anti-social behavior
.this student need assistant to overcome their problems and to achieve in school.
When counselling in the school setting is not sufficient, this students need to be
referred to appropriate services in the community. For some high school students
the immediate earnings from employment seems more significant than staying in
school. This student need courses in vocational education and assistance to help
them developed positive attitudes toward education, perceive alternative to
dropping out, and realize the worth of long term goals. Family situations, such as
cultural differences between values taught, at home and school, separation,
divorce, or out. School personal need to be determine causes of tardiness,
absenteeism and dropping out and to provide necessary remediation (Edger,
Marlow 1987).

In evaluating the deleterious effects of missing in school time, research has

almost exclusively focused on absences, and almost no attention has been paid to
tardiness. Hence, this study contributes a new dimension to the field by examining
the effect of student tardiness on academic achievement. Employing an empirical
model on a large-scale, longitudinal, multilevel data set of urban elementary school
children over 6 years of observation there are 2 significant findings. First, students
with greater tardiness perform

Worse on both standardized reading and math test. Second, holding constant an
individual’s

Own record of tardiness, students whose classmates are tardy more frequently
also have lower test score. Hence, the achievement gap widens even further for
students who also have

Greater individual level of tardiness. Policy implications are discussed. (Michael G

ottfried2012).

Personality as a ‘’pattern of habits, attitudes and traits that determine an

individual’s characteristics, behavior and traits he further describes personality as
‘’the dynamic

Organization within the individual of those psychological systems that determine

his characteristics behavior and thoughts’’ (Gordon All port 1990)

Personality as the end result of the typical ways in which and person reacts, the

Product of his motivation, emotions feeling tones, style of thinking and attitudes,’’

personality is partly in born and nervous system are largely responsible for the
inborn aspects the associate either through imitation or through hostile reactions
when we are thwarted Habits are reaction so often repeated as to become fixed
characteristics or tendencies good habits results from choice and are required
through effort (the encyclopaediainternational,1967)

Personality as the end result of the typical ways in which and person reacts, the

Product of his motivation, emotions feeling tones, style of thinking and attitudes,’’

personality is partly in born and nervous system are largely responsible for the
inborn aspects the associate either through imitation or through hostile reactions
when we are thwarted Habits are reaction so often repeated as to become fixed
characteristics or tendencies good habits results from choice and are required
through effort (the encyclopaediainternational,1967)

Anxiety may appear any time think of anxiety as a feeling of uneasiness,

Comprehension or fear that has a vague or unknown source. Anxiety affect

students ‘performance anxiety at relatively low to moderate levels can be
destructive and non-adaptive within the classroom setting there are numerous
sources of anxiety for students teachers examinations peer relations achievements
settings like or dislike of subjects however there are certain situations in which the
students feel particularly anxious last not in other situations this describe the
condition called situational anxiety there are other individuals however who are
almost always in a state of anxiety called neurotic or trait anxiety (educational
psychology pg.21)
 Pseudo-Feebleminded is more of an emotional disorder rather than of mental

Retardation the term ‘’pseudo-feebleminded has been used because individuals in

this category react with stupid behavior manifest lack of interest in work or in
ambition and reacts with extreme withdrawal from fear failure or criticism.

Dreaming state is the part of the sleep continuum called the’ ’paradoxical sleep’’

between waking and sleeping, so called because the subject is near to being awake
(by EEG criterion i.e., use of the encephalogram-a low voltage and relatively fast
pattern of changes) and hard to arouse by another increase arousal threshold it is at
this stage when R.E.M (Rapid Eye Movement) occur and when REM is occurring it
is difficult to arouse a sleeping subject.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Elementary and secondary schools throughout the nation are adopting various
techniques to get children to school on time. Many of these programs are producing
positive results but the evidence still shows disturbing signs of a continuing upsurge
in late arrivals in school. The US department of education, in the latest available
report, shows that tardiness Is a moderate to a serious problem, rising to 32.4 per
cent by the year 2000,up 7.5 per cent over six year period. The increase in elementary
school tardiness was most disturbing with 27.1 per cent of principals in
those schools saying it was a significant problem. Increasing 8.6 percent over the
same period School principals have been concerned about tardiness for many Years
but didn’t take serious steps to counter the problem. Its different story now because
of the no child left behind law that result in federal monitoring of school attendance
and late arrivals to school. Under the law, schools face a whole range of negative
consequences if Students don’t meet certain levels on state tests. Student who arrive
late to school miss important lessons, because elementary school teachers for the
most part begin their day with core subjects such as math Attendance is a major
factor that states look at figuring how much funding the school districts gets and
since attendance is taken at the beginning of the school day, late arrivals may be
counted as absentees, thereby depriving the district of funding Significant number
of school – age children have television sets in their bedrooms and a great many
probably are watching late movie or one of the late night talk shows when they
should be sleeping
when and if they have an alarm clock ,they just continue sleep after it goes off.
Among the devices principals are utilizing to cut back on tardiness include prizes for
students who regularly show up on time and after school movies for those who are
always punctual (Murray, Light 2000)

DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Tardiness– moving slowly; sluggish, beyond the expected or proper time

2. Academic- a member of an institution of learning, a person who is academic

in background, outlook or methods

3. Absenteeism– a tendency to be away from work or school without a good reason;

the practice or habit of being absent from work or school
4. References-the act of mentioning something in speech in writing, the act of
referring to something or someone

5. Sequential–of relating to or arranged in a particular order or sequence happening

in a series

6. Remediation-the act or process of remedying

7. Deleterious–harmful often in a subtle or unexpected way.

Chapter 3

Methodology

This study will focus on the awareness level of student that affect the
tardiness of the students in natatas national high school. The purpose of this character
is to present the student of respondent this research. This chapter covers the research
design and methodology including students during and after the collection, ethical
considerations and data analysis. The table below represents the Number distribution
of students as respondents from NATATAS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL YEAR
2018-2019.

Research Design

This study used the descriptive method of research. Our general procedure of
describing

Had the chief purpose of description of the students’ performance in school that
might have affected by their own psychological factors. Along with the things that
we see in a regular pupil of high school, many students are struggling in many
different ways. Some of them were exposed to emotional abuse being hid to them,
some physical disabilities because of insufficient supply, and some of social factors
are

Within a child’s journey to his/her learning.

QUESTIONNAIRE:

Name:

Grade/section:

Directions: put a check mark on the box that corresponds to your answer.

Age:

o 12 Years old 13 Years old 14 Years old

o 15 Years old 16Years old Above 16 Years old

Gender

o Female Male

1. Have you sleep on time?

o Always
o Sometimes
o Never

2. Did time management can help you to prevent being late

o Yes No
3. Have you encountered a problem in being late?

o Yes No

4. For you is it hard to go to school early in the morning?

o Yes No Maybe

5. Being late can affects your grades?

o Yes No

6. Do you have any trouble with your teacher because of being late?

Sometimes Always Never

7. Why you are late to go to school? (Answer can be one or more)

o Because of more projects and assignments

o Because of online games
o Family problems

8. Do you experience that your parents need to go to school because you are late?

o Sometimes Always Never

Table 1.1 profile of respondents

Grade level Total number of Number of Relative

Students respondents percentage
Grade 7 154 10 6.49%
Grade 8 138 11 7.97%
Grade 9 162 13 8.02%
Grade 10 109 11 10.09%
Total 563 45 7.99%

Formula used:

Total number of respondents

_________________________ x100

Total number of students

number of respondents

20%
31%
grade 7
grade 8
grade 9
24% grade 10

25%

TABLE 1.2 SLEEP ON TIME

Frequency Relative percentage
Always 13 28.89%

Sometimes 29 64.44%

Never 3 6.67%

TABLE 1.3 time management can help to prevent being late

Frequency Relative percentage

Yes 41 91.11%

No 4 8.89%

TABLE 1.4 encountered problem in being late

Frequency Relative percentage

Yes 34 75.56%

No 11 24.44%

TABLE 1.5 hard to go to school early in the morning

Frequency Relative percentage

Yes 22 48.89%

No 13 28.89%

Maybe 10 22.22%

TABLE 1.6 being late can affects your grades

 Frequency Relative percentage

Yes 31 68.89%

No 14 31.11%

TABLE 1.7 have any trouble with your teacher because of late projects and assignment
Frequency Relative percentage

Sometimes 35 77.78%

Always 7 15.56%

Never 3 6.6%

TABLE 1.8 late to go to school

Frequency Relative percentage

More projects and 41 91.11%

assignments
Because of online games 14 31.11%

Family problems 3 6.6%

TABLE 1.9 experience that your parents need go to school because you are late
Frequency Relative percentage

Sometimes 19 42.22%

Always 6 13.33%

Never 20 44.44%
Instrument Used
The questionnaire will be the major instrument used in gathering data. It
will be on the profile of the respondents about the factors that affect the tardiness
of the student in natatas national high school (NNHS) SY 2018-2019

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will explain to the target respondents the purpose of the study. They will be
answering the questions and clarifications of the respondents if there is a need to do so. The data
will be collated, tallied and statistically treated in two to three weeks.

DATA ANALYSIS

Percentage = no. of respondents x100

Total no. of respondents

BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://www.coursehero.com/file/16178478/CHAPTER-III/
https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1SQJL_enJP774PH802&ei=AfGFXMefNqDhz7sP8qCH
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DENTS+IN+NATATAS+NATIONAL+HIGH+SCHOOL+%28NNHS%29+SY+2018-
2019&oq=chapter+2+research+FACTORS+THAT+AFFECT+THE+TARDINESS+OF+THE+S
TUDENTS+IN+NATATAS+NATIONAL+HIGH+SCHOOL+%28NNHS%29+SY+2018-
2019&gs_l=psy-ab.3..0l2j0i67l3j0l5.55105.55965..57020...0.0..0.345.345.3-1......0....1j2..gws-
wiz.......0i71.37YCh5DZPG4
https://www.nap.edu/read/23547/chapter/5
https://www.academia.edu/7729576/Chapter_3_RESEARCH_AND_METHODOLOGY
https://www.academia.edu/29467303/Class_Tardiness-_Complete_Research_Proposal.docx
https://www.scribd.com/document/361709509/Action-Research-in-Tardiness

Chapter 4

Presentation and interpretation of results

Respondents who indicated “woke up late” in their reasons answered additional

reasons why. They said they were just too tired and lazy to go to school early that
they end up being late. Others said that they wake up late in the morning because
they slept late the night before. Some respondents added that they become too
complacent with their early class schedule. Additionally, from the respondents that
included “preoccupied with other works” as one of their reasons for tardiness,
majority of them described these works as academic. Moreover, those who
indicated “boring subject” as one of their reasons for tardiness were mostly
referring to major subjects and subjects inclined to science and technology.
Furthermore, those who chose the “kind of teacher” as a reason of their tardiness
majorly described their teacher as boring. The study also showed that both the
course and year level are not statistically significant to the tardiness of NNHS
students. The course and year level of a student are not significant bases to predict
whether a NNHS student will be more or less likely to be tardy.

In this study most of the students have said that they are sleeping in right time with
a no. of 13 out of 45 respondents or 28.89%

In this study most of the students have said that time management can help them to
prevent being late with the no. of 41 out of 45 or 91.11%
In this study most of the students have said that they encountered a problem in being
late with the no. of 34 out of 45 or 75.56%

In this study most of the students have said that they hard to go to school early in
the morning with the no. of 22 out of 45 or 48.89%

In this study most of the students have said that late can affects your grades with
the no. of 31 out of 45 or 68.89%

In this study most of the students have said that they have trouble with their teacher
because of being late with the no. of 35 out of 45 or 77.78%

Based in this study most of the students have said, project, assignment and online
games are the reasons why they are late in school with the no. of 41 out of 45 or
91.11%, while the other one has a no. of 14 out of 45 or 31.11%

In this study most of the students have said not experience that parents need go to
school because of being late with the no. of 20 out of 45 or 44.44%

CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

SUMMARY
This research studied the tardiness of natatas high school students, the
reason and factors behind and correlation.
Tardiness
Out of 45 respondents, 41 of them are tardy, this implies that 91.11% of
the sample is tardy. Furthermore, without considering margin of error yet 91.11%
of the students in natatas high school are more likely tardy than punctual.

Reasons
The most common reason ranked by the respondents is “woke up late”,
second is “traffic”, followed by, then “more projects and assignment”, next is
“family problems” and lastly, “online games”
Respondents who indicated “woke up late” in their reasons answered
additional reasons why. They said they were just too tired and lazy to go to school
early that they end up being late. Others said that they wake up late in the morning
because they slept late the night before.

Conclusions
The most common reason on why natatas high school students are tardy
are they wake up late every morning. Also, when natatas high school students are
tardy because of playing online games, more often that these problem are related to
school and academics.
He results demonstrated Watson’s concept of Behaviorism, which states that
any human behavior is a response to external stimuli. The study showed that the
tardiness of natatas high school students but a response to reasons/factors.
Moreover, the most common reason that arose, which showed to be waking up
late, Lastly, the percentage of tardiness among natatas high school students was
quite high considering that more than half of the respondents showed tardiness.