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*Archeologists attempt to reconstruct the Geography- is the study of the features of
everyday life and customs of early people. the earth and the location of living things
They also seek to explain the different on the planet
cultural changes that happened over time.
-term derived from the Greek word
Linguistic anthropology or geographia, from geo meaning “earth” and
Anthropological linguistics- is the graphe meaning “to describe”. A literal
study of human speech and language translation would be “ to describe to earth”
as well as the various changes that
*Geographers also deal with human
have taken place over time.
activities. They examine where and how
groups of people live and what adaptations
Historical linguistics- attempts to
they usually undertake in order to subsist in
explain how numerous languages
certain regions of the earth.
have changed in the past and their
possible links to one another. NATURE OF EMERGENCE: Geography
became an academic discipline in Europe
Economics- is a discipline that concentrates
during the 18th and 19th centuries while
on how a particular society solves its
many geographic societies were founded in
problem of scarcity of resources
the 19th century.
-from the Greek words oikos meaning
5 GEOGRAPHY THEMES
“house” and nomos meaning “custom” or
“law” RELATIONSHIPS
-the term oikonomia literally translates as LOCATION
“management of a household.” PLACE
REGION
*Economists seek to understand people’s MOVEMENT
activities concerning production,
distribution and consumption of goods and BRANCHES OF GEOGRAPHY
services.
Physical geography- is geography from
*it is said that the ultimate goal of the perspective of earth sciences and as
economics is to develop better policies in a branch of the natural sciences.
order to minimize problems and maximize - it includes the study of soil,
the benefits of everyday work. landforms, water, vegetation,
minerals, and climate.
NATURE OF EMERGENCE: Economics Human geography- focuses on the
became a separate discipline with the human aspect of geography that is
publication of Adam Smith’s The Wealth of marked by a strong commitment to the
Nations in 1776. concept of culture.
- It is interested in determining
GOAL OF ECONOMICS
humankind’s role in changing the
Economic growth environment
Economic freedom
History- is a branch of knowledge that
Equitable distribution of income
attempts to ascertain, record, and explain
Full employment
facts and events that happened in the past.
Balance of trade
- Originated from the Greek word
BRANCHES OF ECONOMICS
historia meaning “inquiry”
Macroeconomics- analyzes how the - One of the oldest social sciences
economy functions as a whole or its tracing its origin in the myths and
basic subdivisions, such as the traditions of early people
government or business sectors
NATURE OF EMERGENCE: The Greeks were
Microeconomics- focuses on the
the first writers of history and history is one
behavior of individual agents like
of the oldest of the social sciences
households, industries and firms.
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BRANCHES OF HISTORY -the term is derived from the Latin word
socius meaning “companion” and from the
Social history
Greek word logos meaning “word” or
Cultural history
“study of”
Political history
Economic history -it concentrates on the social influences and
Diplomatic history processes occurring within groups of people
Military history rather than those forces affecting an
History of religion individual.
History of Women
*Sociologists attempt to unravel patterns in
Environmental history
group behavior and not on specific
Linguistics- is a field of knowledge involving expressions of individual being.
the scientific study of language as a
NATURE OF EMERGENCE: Sociology was
universal and recognizable aspect of human
founded by Emile Durkheim during the late
behavior and capacity
19th century with the establishment of the
*Liguists study changes that have taken first sociology department in Europe
place on various languages over time as
BRANCHES OF SOCIOLOGY
well as their modern variations.
General sociology- deals with the
NATURE OF EMERGENCE: Modern
properties and homogeneity
linguistics started to develop in the 18th
common to all social and cultural
century with philology reaching its zenith in
phenomena
the 19th century.
- Its concern may include the
3 parts conditions, forms and forces of
human association
1. Morphology- the study of language
Special sociology- focuses on specific
form
sociocultural phenomenon usually
2. Syntax- the study on how these
selected for further study, including
words are formed into phrases
socialization, interaction, conflict,
3. Phon1879ology- the study of sounds
and domination.
of language
SEVEN AREAS OF SOCIOLOGY
Political science- include the study of
governments and the need for the Social organization
institution, its form, and its processes Social psychology
Social change and Social
*Political scientists deal with both theory
Disorganization
and practice of politics, including analysis
Human ecology
on public policies
Population or Demography
NATURE OF EMERGENCE: Political science is Sociological theory and Method
a relatively new field that was principally Applied Sociology
worked on by American scholars in the 19th
Psychology- deals with the nature of human
and 20th centuries.
behaviors, and both internal and external
BRANCHES OF POLITICAL SCIENCE factors that affect these behaviors
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FOUR IMPORTANT GOALS
To..
Describe
Explain
Predict
Change
Behaviors.
BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY
Abnormal psychology
Behavioral psychology
Biopsychology
Cognitive psychology
Comparative psychology
Cross-cultural psychology
Developmental psychology
Educational psychology
Experimental psychology
Forensic psychology
Health psychology
Personality psychology
Social psychology
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