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 Written as per the revised syllabus prescribed by the Maharashtra State Board
of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education, Pune.

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Perfect

Mathematics – I

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STD. XI Sci. & Arts

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Salient Features O
• Exhaustive coverage of entire syllabus.
• Topic-wise distribution of all textual questions and practice problems at the beginning of
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every chapter.
• Precise theory for every topic.
• Covers answers to all textual and miscellaneous exercises.
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• Indicative marks for problems.

• Practice problems, Multiple Choice Questions and Topic test at the end of each chapter
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for effective preparation.

• Neat, labelled and authentic diagrams.
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Printed at: Repro India Ltd., Mumbai

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P.O. No. 126621

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 Preface
In the case of good books, the point is not how many of them you can get through, but rather how many can get
through to you.
“Std. XI Sci. & Arts : PERFECT MATHEMATICS - I” is a complete and thorough guide critically
analysed and extensively drafted to boost the students confidence. The book is prepared as per the Maharashtra

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State board syllabus and provides answers to all textual questions. At the beginning of every chapter, topic –
wise distribution of all textual questions including practice problems has been provided for simpler understanding
of different types of questions. Neatly labelled diagrams have been provided wherever required.

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Practice Problems, Multiple Choice Questions and Topic Test help the students to test their range of
preparation and the amount of knowledge of each topic. Important theories and formulae are the highlights of this
book. The steps are written in systematic manner for easy and effective understanding.

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Marks mentioned are indicative and are subject to change as per Maharashtra State Board’s discretion.
The journey to create a complete book is strewn with triumphs, failures and near misses. If you think we’ve
nearly missed something or want to applaud us for our triumphs, we’d love to hear from you.
Please write to us on : mail@targetpublications.org

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Best of luck to all the aspirants!
Yours faithfully,
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Edition: Second
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Disclaimer
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use of textual contents which are transformed by adding and elaborating, with a view to simplify the same to enable the students to understand, memorize and reproduce the same
in examinations.
This work is purely inspired upon the course work as prescribed by the Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education, Pune. Every care has been taken
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No copyright is claimed in the textual contents which are presented as part of fair dealing with a view to provide best supplementary study material for the benefit of students.
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No. Topic Name Page No.

1 Angle and It’s Measurement 1
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2 Trigonometric Functions 23
3 Trigonometric Functions of Compound Angles 67
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4 Factorization Formulae 98
5 Locus 120
6 Straight Line 147
7 Circle and Conics 208
8 Vectors 284
9 Linear Inequations 328
10 Determinants 377
11 Matrices 426
 Std. XI : Perfect Maths - I

05 Locus

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Type of Problems Exercise Q. Nos.

5.1 Q.1 to Q.18

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Practice Problems
Q.1 to Q.11
Locus of a point and equation of (Based on Exercise 5.1)

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locus Miscellaneous Q. 4 to 13, 22, 25

Practice Problems Q.3, 4, 5, 6, 9

(Based on Miscellaneous)

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Q.1 (i., ii., iii.)
Q.2 (i., ii., iii., iv., v.)
5.2
O Q.3 (i., ii.)
Q.4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
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Point of the locus Practice Problems Q.1 to Q.9
(Based on Exercise 5.2)

Miscellaneous Q.1, 2, 3, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17

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Practice Problems
Q.1, 2, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 16
(Based on Miscellaneous)
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Q.1 (i., ii., iii., iv., v.)

Q.2 (i., ii., iii., iv., v.)
Q.3 (i., ii., iii.)
5.3
Q.4 (i., ii., iii.)
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Q.5 (i., ii.)

Shift of origin Q.6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12

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Practice Problems
Q.1 to Q.7
(Based on Exercise 5.3)

Miscellaneous Q.18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24

Practice Problems
Q.13, 14, 15, 17, 18
(Based on Miscellaneous)

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 Chapter 05: Locus
Syllabus:
Definition and Equation of Locus
Definition of the locus, Equation of the locus, Point Locus
of the locus, Shift of origin. A locus is a set of points in a plane which satisfy
some given geometrical condition or conditions.
Introduction Let P be any point on the locus.

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Then Locus = {P/P satisfies the given geometrical
The concept of locus is the backbone of geometry.
condition}
The geometrical figures like triangles, circles and Equation of locus

even the straight lines represent some locus. A set of
points represent these figures. These points satisfy
some geometrical conditions called constraints. To
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An algebraic relation between the coordinates
x and y of any point on the locus, satisfying the
given geometrical condition or conditions is called

study locus in detail we shall use some of the
formulae given below.
Distance Formula
If P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2) are any two points, then
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equation of locus.
Procedure to find the equation of the locus
Step I: Take any point P(x, y) on the locus.
Step II: Write down the geometrical condition of the
locus.

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 x2  x1    y2  y1 
2 2
d(PQ) = Step III: Convert this geometrical condition into an
algebraic equation involving x and y.
Section Formula Step IV: Simplify the equation to get the required
O “equation of the locus”.
i. Internal Division:
If A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) are two points and P Exercise 5.1
divides seg AB internally in the ratio m : n, 1. Find the locus of point P in each of the
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then the co-ordinates of P are following cases where
 mx2  nx1 my2  ny1  i. abscissa of P equals its ordinate.
 mn , mn . [1 mark]
 
ii. abscissa of P exceeds twice its
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ordinate by 3. [1 mark]
ii. External Division:
iii. Twice the ordinate of P exceeds thrice
If A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) are two points and P its abscissa by 4. [1 mark]
divides seg AB externally in the ratio m : n, iv. Distance of P from X-axis equals 10
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then the co-ordinates of P are times its distance from Y-axis.

[1 mark]
 mx2  nx1 my2  ny1 
 mn , mn . v. Distance of P from X-axis equals its
  distance from Y-axis. [1 mark]
vi. The sum of its co-ordinates equals 10.
Mid Point Formula
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[1 mark]
If A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) are two points and P is the vii. Sum of the squares of co-ordinates of
P equals 9. [1 mark]
midpoint of seg AB, then the co-ordinates of P are
viii. Sum of the co-ordinates of P is greater
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 x1  x2 y1  y2  than 5. [1 mark]
 , . ix. Distance of P from the origin equals
 2 2 
5 times its distance from the point
Centroid Formula (3, 2). [2 marks]
Solution:
If A(x1, y1), B(x2 , y2) and C(x3, y3) are the vertices of Let the co-ordinates of point P be (x, y).
 ABC, then the co-ordinates of its centroid are i. x = y is the required equation of locus.
ii. x = 2y + 3 is the required equation of locus.
 x  x  x3 y1  y2  y3 
given by  1 2 , . iii. 2y = 3x + 4 is the required equation of locus.
 3 3  iv. y =  10x is the required equation of locus.
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 Std. XI : Perfect Maths - I
v. y =  x is the required equation of locus. 4. If A (2, 3), B (2, 1), find the equation of
vi. x + y = 10 is the required equation of locus. locus of point P, such that AP2 = 3.BP2.
vii. x2 + y2 = 9 is the required equation of locus. [2 marks]
viii. x + y > 5 is the required equation of locus. Solution:
ix. Let A  (3, 2), O  (0, 0) Let P (x, y) be any point on the required locus.
According to the given condition, OP = 5.AP A  (2, 3), B  (2, 1)

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Given AP2 = 3.BP2
  x  0 2   y  0 2 = 5.  x  32   y  2 2 By using distance formula,
Squaring on both sides, we get (x  2)2 + (y  3)2 = 3[(x + 2)2 + (y  1)2]

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x2 + y2 = 25.(x2  6x + 9 + y2 + 4y + 4)  x2  4x + 4 + y2  6y + 9
 x2 + y2 = 25x2 + 25y2 150x + 100y + 225 + 100 = 3 (x2 + 4x + 4 + y2  2y + 1)
 24x2 + 24y2  150x + 100y + 325 = 0 is the  2 2
x  4x + 4 + y  6y + 9

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required equation of locus. = 3x2 + 12x + 12 + 3y2  6y + 3
2 2
2. Find the equation of locus of point P, if the  2x + 2y + 16x + 2 = 0
points A(1, 2), B(3, 4) are at equal distance  x2 + y2 + 8x + 1 = 0
from P. [2 marks]  Equation of locus is x2 + y2 + 8x + 1 = 0
Solution: 5. A  (3, 1) and B  (4, 5) are given points.
Let P (x, y) be any point on the required locus.

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Find the equation of locus of point P, such
A  (1, 2), B  (3, 4) that AP2 + BP2 = 50. [2 marks]
According to the given condition, Solution:
PA = PB Let P (x, y) be any point on the required locus.
By using distance formula,
 x  12   y  2 2 =  x  32   y  4 2
Squaring on both sides, we get
O A  (3, 1), B  (4, 5)
Given AP2 + BP2 = 50
By using distance formula,
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(x  3)2 + (y  1)2 + (x  4)2 + (y + 5)2 = 50
(x  1)2 + (y  2)2 = (x  3)2 + (y  4)2
 x2  6x + 9 + y2  2y + 1
 x2  2x + 1 + y2  4y + 4
+ x2  8x + 16 + y2 + 10y + 25 = 50
= x2  6x + 9 + y2  8y + 16 2 2
 2x + 2y  14x + 8y + 51= 50
 4x + 4y  20 = 0
 2x2 + 2y2  14x + 8y + 1= 0
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 x + y  5= 0
 Equation of locus is
 Equation of locus is x + y  5 = 0.
2x2 + 2y2  14x + 8y + 1 = 0.
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3. A (2, 3), B (2, 5) are given points. Find the 6. If A  ( 3, 2) and B  (1,  4), find the
equation of locus of point P, such that equation of locus of point P, such that
PA = 2.PB. [2 marks] 3.PA = 2.PB. [2 marks]
Solution: Solution:
Let P (x, y) be any point on the required locus Let P (x, y) be any point on the required locus.
A  (2, 3), B  (2, 5) A  (3, 2), B  (1, 4)
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Given PA = 2.PB Given 3.PA = 2.PB

By using distance formula, By using distance formula,
 x  2 2   y  32 = 2.  x  2 2   y  52 3.  x  32   y  2 2 = 2.  x  12   y  4 2
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Squaring on both sides, we get Squaring on both sides, we get

(x  2)2 + (y  3)2 = 4.[(x + 2)2 + (y  5)2] 9[(x + 3)2 + (y  2)2] = 4[(x  1)2 + (y + 4)2]
 x2  4x + 4 + y2  6y + 9  9(x2 + 6x + 9 + y2  4y + 4)
= 4 (x2 + 4x + 4 + y2  10y + 25) = 4(x2  2x + 1 + y2 + 8y + 16)
2 2
 x + y  4x  6y + 13  2 2
9x + 9y + 54x  36y + 117
= 4x2 + 4y2 + 16x  40y + 116 = 4x2 + 4y2  8x + 32y + 68
2 2
 3x + 3y + 20x  34y + 103 = 0  2 2
5x + 5y + 62x  68y + 49 = 0
 Equation of locus is  Equation of locus is
3x2 + 3y2 + 20x  34y + 103 = 0 5x2 + 5y2 + 62x  68y + 49 = 0
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7. From the point A(5, 3), a segment is
drawn to meet the Y-axis in B. Find the
equation of the locus of the midpoint of
Chapter 05: Locus
 4(x2  8x + 16 + y2  10y + 25)
= x2 + 4x + 4 + y2  14y + 49
 4x  32x + 64 + 4y2  40y + 100
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segment AB. [2 marks] = x2 + 4x + 4 + y2  14y + 49

Solution:  3x2 + 3y2  36x  26y + 111 = 0
Let P  (x, y) be the midpoint of seg AB.  Equation of locus is

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3x2 + 3y2  36x  26y + 111 = 0
A  (5, 3)
Let B  (0, k), since it lies on Y-axis. 10. Find the equation of locus of a point such

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P is the midpoint of seg AB that the difference of the squares of its
 5  0 3  k  distances from the points (5, 0) and (2, 3) is
 P  ,
 2 2  10. [4 marks]

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Solution:
5
 x= Let P (x, y) be any point on the required locus
2 and A  (5, 0) and B  (2, 3)
 2x =  5 , 2x + 5 = 0 According to the given condition,
 Equation of locus of point ‘P’ is 2x + 5 = 0. PA2  PB2 = 10 or PB2  PA2 = 10
When PA2  PB2 = 10

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8. If A  (5, 2) and B  (1, 5), find the By using distance formula,
equation of perpendicular bisector of (x  5)2+(y  0)2  [(x  2)2 + (y  3)2] = 10
segment AB. [2 marks]  x2  10x + 25 + y2
Solution:
Let P(x, y) be any point on the perpendicular bisector
of seg AB.
O  2
(x2  4x + 4 + y2  6y + 9) = 10
x  10x + 25 + y2
 x2 + 4x  4  y2 + 6y  9 = 10
  6x + 6y + 12 = 10
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A  (5, 2), B  (1, 5)
 PA = PB   6 x + 6y + 2 = 0
By using distance formula,  3x  3y  1 = 0
 Equation of locus is 3x 3y  1 = 0
 x  52   y  2 2 =  x  12   y  52 When PB2  PA2 = 10
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Squaring on both sides, we get By using distance formula,

(x + 5)2 + (y  2)2 = (x + 1)2 + (y  5)2 (x  2)2+ (y  3)2  [(x  5)2 + (y  0)2] = 10
 x2  4x + 4 + y2  6y + 9
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 x2+ 10x + 25 + y2  4y + 4
 (x2  10x + 25 + y2) = 10
= x2 + 2x + 1 + y2  10y + 25
 x2  4x + 4 + y2  6y + 9
 8 x + 6y + 3 = 0  x2 + 10x  25  y2 = 10
 Equation of perpendicular bisector of seg AB is  6x  6y  22 = 0
8x + 6y + 3 = 0.  3x  3y  11 = 0
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 Equation of locus is 3x  3y  11 = 0
9. If A  (4, 5) and B  (2, 7), then find the Hence, equation of locus of required point is
equation of locus of P such that 2.PA = PB. 3x  3y  1 = 0 or 3x  3y  11 = 0.
[2 marks]
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Solution: 11. Find the equation of locus of a point, such

Let P (x, y) be any point on the required locus.
A  (4, 5), B  (2, 7)
Given 2.PA = PB
By using distance formula,
2.  x  4 2   y  52 =  x  2 2   y  7 2
Squaring on both sides, we get
4[(x  4)2 + (y  5)2] = (x + 2)2 + (y  7)2
that the sum of the squares of its distances
from the points (2,  3) and ( 1,  2) is 15.
[2 marks]
Solution:
Let P(x, y) be any point on the required locus.
and Q  (2,  3), R  (1, 2)
According to the given condition,
PQ2 + PR2 = 15

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 Std. XI : Perfect Maths - I
By using distance formula, Squaring on both sides, we get
(x  2)2 + (y + 3)2 + (x + 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 15 (x  5)2 + y2 = 36 + 12  x  52  y 2 + (x + 5)2 + y2
 x2  4x + 4 + y2 + 6y + 9
+ x2+ 2x + 1 + y2 + 4y + 4 = 15  x2 10x + 25 = 36 + 12  x  52  y 2 + x2 + 10x + 25
2 2
 2x + 2y  2x + 10y + 3 = 0
 Equation of locus is  12  x  52  y 2 = 36 + 20x

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2x2 + 2y2  2x + 10y + 3 = 0.
  3  x  52  y 2 = 5x + 9
12. A(5, 6), B(1, 2) and C(4, 3) are three Again squaring on both sides, we get

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given points. Find the equation of locus of
9(x2 + 10x + 25 + y2) = 25x2 + 90x + 81
point P in each of the following cases, where
[2 marks each]  9x2 + 90x + 9y2 + 225 = 25x2 + 90x + 81
i. PA2 + PC2 = AB2  144 = 16x2  9y2

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ii. PA2  PB2 = 12 x2 y2
Solution:   =1
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Let P (x, y) be any point on the required locus.
x2 y2
A  (5,  6), B  (1, 2) and C  (4,  3)  Equation of locus is  = 1.
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i. When PA2 + PC2 = AB2
By using distance formula,

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14. A(4, 0) and B(4, 0) are two given points. A
(x  5)2 + (y + 6)2 + (x  4)2 + (y + 3)2
= (5 + 1)2 + (– 6 – 2)2 variable point P is such that PA + PB = 10.
 x  10 x  25  y  12 y  36  x 2  8 x  16
2 2 Show that the equation of locus of P is



 y 2  6 y  9 = 62 + (–8)2
2x2 + 2y2  18x + 18y + 86 = 100
2x2 + 2y2  18x + 18y  14 = 0
O x2 y2
25 9
Solution:
 = 1. [4 marks]
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 x2 + y2  9x + 9y  7 = 0 Let P (x, y) be any point on the required locus.
 Equation of locus is x2 + y2 9x + 9y 7= 0. A  (4, 0), B  (4, 0)
ii. When PA2  PB2 = 12 Given PA + PB = 10
By using distance formula, By using distance formula,
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(x  5)2 + (y + 6)2 [(x + 1)2 + (y  2)2] = 12

 x  4 2   y  0 2 +  x  4    y  0  = 10
2 2
 x2  10x + 25 + y2 + 12y + 36
 (x2 + 2x + 1 + y2  4y + 4) = 12
 x  4 2  y 2 = 10   x  4 2  y 2
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 x2  10x + 25 + y2 + 12y + 36 
 x2  2x  1  y2 + 4y  4 = 12 Squaring on both sides, we get
  12x + 16y + 44 = 0
(x  4)2 + y2 = 100 20  x  4 2  y 2 + (x + 4)2 + y2
 3x  4y  11 = 0
 Equation of locus is 3x  4y  11 = 0.  x 2  8 x  16  100  20 ( x  4) 2  y 2  x 2  8 x  16
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13. A(5, 0) and B(5, 0) are two given points.

 20  x  4 2  y 2 = 16x + 100
A variable point P is such that PA  PB = 6.
Show that the equation of locus of P is  5  x  4 2  y 2 = 4x + 25
2 2
x y
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 = 1. [4 marks] Again squaring on both sides, we get

9 16
Solution: 25(x2 + 8x + 16 + y2) = 16x2 + 200x + 625
Let P (x, y) be any point on the required locus.  25x2 + 200x + 400 + 25y2 = 16x2 + 200x + 625
A  (5, 0), B  (5, 0)  9x2 + 25y2 = 225
Given PA  PB = 6
x2 y 2
By using distance formula,  + =1
25 9
 x  52   y  0 2   x  52   y  0 2 = 6
x2 y 2
 Equation of locus is + = 1.
  x  5 2  y 2 = 6 +  x  52  y 2 25 9

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 Chapter 05: Locus
15. The point S is (3, 0) and the abscissa of the By using distance formula,
point M is 3. A variable point P is such 16.[(x  2)2 + (y  0)2] = 25.[(x  1)2 +(y  3)2]
that, ordinates of P and M are equal. Find  16( x 2  4 x  4  y 2 )  25( x 2  2 x  1  y 2  6 y  9)
the equation of locus of P such that  16x2 64x + 64 + 16y2
SP = PM. [2 marks] = 25x2  50x + 25 + 25y2 150y + 225
Solution:
 9x2 + 9y2 + 14x  150y + 186 = 0

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Let P (x, y) be any point on the required locus
 Equation of locus is
and M  (3, y)
9x2 + 9y2 + 14x  150y + 186 = 0.
S  (3, 0)

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Since, SP = PM
18. Find the equation of locus of point P, such
By using distance formula,
that sum of its distances from co-ordinate
 x  3 2   y  0  2 =  x  3 2   y  y  2 axes is thrice its distance from the origin.

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Squaring on both sides, we get [2 marks]
(x  3)2 + y2 = (x + 3)2 Solution:
 x2  6x + 9 + y2 = x2+ 6x + 9 Let P (x, y) be any point on the required locus
 y2 = 12x
According to given condition,
 Equation of locus is y2 = 12x.
x + y = 3.(OP)

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16. A(2, 0) and B(2, 0) are two given points. By using distance formula,
Find the equation of locus of point P, such
that APB is a right angle. [3 marks]
x + y = 3.
O  x  0 2   y  0 2
Solution: Squaring on both sides, we get
Let P (x, y) be any point on the required locus. (x2 + y2 + 2.xy) = 9.(x2 + y2)
 x2 + y2 + 2.xy = 9x2 + 9y2
C
A (2, 0)
Given A  (2, 0), B  (2, 0) and  8x2  2.xy + 8y2 = 0
APB is a right angle  4x2  xy + 4y2 = 0
 APB is right angle triangle  Equation of locus is 4x2  xy + 4y2 = 0.
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By Pythagoras theorem, B (–2, 0)

AP2 + PB2 = AB2 P (x, y) Point of the Locus
By using distance formula, If a point lies on a locus, then the co-ordinates of the
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(x  2)2 + (y  0)2 + (x + 2)2 + (y  0)2 point satisfy the equation of the locus.
= (2 + 2)2 + (0 – 0)2 Conversely, if the co-ordinates of a point satisfy
equation of a locus, then the point lies on the locus.
 x2  4x + 4 + y2 + x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 = 16 If a point does not lie on a locus, then its co-
 2x2 + 2y2 = 8 ordinates do not satisfy the equation of the locus.
 x2 + y2 = 4 Conversely, if the co-ordinates of a point do not
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 Equation of locus is x2 + y2 = 4. satisfy the equation of a locus, then the point does
not lie on the locus.
For example:
17. Find the equation of locus of a point, which
Consider the equation of the locus 2x  3y + 7 = 0
SA

moves such that the ratio of its distances

To check whether the point (4, 5) lies on it or not
from (2, 0) and (1, 3) is 5 : 4. [3 marks]
Substituting x = 4 and y = 5 in the L.H.S. of the
Solution:
equation of the locus.
Let P (x, y) be any point on the required locus
L.H.S. = 2(4)  3(5) + 7 = 0
and A  (2, 0), B  (1, 3)
= 8  15 + 7 = 0
PA 5
According to the given condition, = = 7 + 7 = 0 = R.H.S.
PB 4  L.H.S. = R.H.S.
 4.PA = 5.PB  (4, 5) satisfies the equation of the locus
 16.PA2 = 25.PB2  (4, 5) lies on the locus.
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 Std. XI : Perfect Maths - I
Solution:
Exercise 5.2
i. For point P (at2, 2at)
1. Examine whether the following points lie on Equation of locus is y2 = 4ax ….(i)
the locus whose equation is [1 mark each] Substituting x = at2, y = 2at in (i), we get
x2 + y2 + 6x  6y  47 = 0 L.H.S. = (2at)2
i. (5, 2) ii. (2, 3) = 4a2t2

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iii. (1,  4) R.H.S. = 4a (at2)
Solution: = 4a2t2
Equation of locus is x2 + y2 + 6x  6y  47 = 0 .…(i) L.H.S. = R.H.S.

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i. For point (5, 2)  the point P(at2, 2at) lies on the locus.
Substituting x = 5, y = 2 in L.H.S. of (i), we ii. For point Q (a cos , b sin )
get

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x2 y2
L.H.S. = (5)2 + (2)2 + 6(5)  6(2)  47 Equation of locus is =1 + .…(i)
a 2 b2
= 25 + 4 + 30  12  47
Substituting x = a cos , y = b sin  in L.H.S.
= 59  59
of (i), we get
=0
= R.H.S. (a cos )2 (bsin ) 2
L.H.S. = +

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 the point (5, 2) lies on the locus. a2 b2
a cos  b sin 2 
2 2 2

ii. For point (2, 3) = 

a2 b2
Substituting x = 2, y = 3 in L.H.S. of (i), we O
get = cos2  + sin2 
= 1 = R.H.S.
L.H.S. = (2)2 + (3)2 + 6(2)  6(3)  47
 the point Q (a cos , b sin ) lies on the locus.
= 4 + 9 + 12 18  47
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= 25  65 iii. For point R (a sec , b tan )
=  40  R.H.S. x2 y2
Equation of locus is =1  .…(i)
 the point (2, 3) does not lie on the locus. a 2 b2
iii. For point (1,  4) Substituting x = a sec , y = b tan  in L.H.S.
E

Substituting x = 1, y = –4 in L.H.S. of (i), we of (i), we get

get (a sec )2 (b tan ) 2
L.H.S. = 
L.H.S. = (1)2 + ( 4)2 + 6(1)  6( 4)  47
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a2 b2
= 1 + 16 + 6 + 24  47 a 2 sec 2  b 2 tan 2 
= 47  47 = 
a2 b2
=0
= sec2   tan2 
= R.H.S.
= 1 = R.H.S.
 the point (1,  4) lies on the locus.
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 the point R (a sec , b tan ) lies on the locus.

2. Show that the following points lie on the iv. For point S (a cos , a sin )
loci given by the equations, that are written Equation of locus is x2 + y2 = a2 ….(i)
SA

against them. [2 marks each] Substituting x = a cos , y = a sin  in L.H.S.

2 2
i. P(at , 2at); y = 4ax of (i), we get
x2 y2 L.H.S. = (a cos  + (a sin 
ii. Q(a.cos , b.sin );  =1   a2 cos2 a2sin2 
a2 b2
  a2(sin2  + cos2 )
x2 y2 = a2 (1)
iii. R(a.sec , b.tan );  =1
a2 b2 = a2
iv. S(a.cos , a.sin ); x2 + y2 = a2    = R.H.S.
v. T(5.cos , 5.sin ); x2 + y2 = 25  the point S (a cos , a sin ) lies on the locus.

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 Chapter 05: Locus
v. For point T (5cos , 5sin )  (0, k) satisfies equation of locus
Equation of locus is x2 + y2 = 25 ….(i) Substituting x = 0, y = k in (i), we get
Substituting x = 5 cos , y = 5 sin  in L.H.S. 3(0)2 – 5(0)k + 6(k)2 – 54 = 0
of (i), we get  6k2 – 54 = 0
L.H.S. = (5 cos )2 + (5 sin )2  6k2 = 54
= 25 cos2  + 25 sin2   k2 = 9

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= 25(sin2  + cos2 )  k=3
= 25 (1)  the co-ordinates of the points are (0, 3) and
= 25 (0, –3).

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= R.H.S.
 the point T (5cos , 5sin ) lies on the locus. 5. Find the value of ‘a’, if the point (6, 3) lies
on the locus x2 = 4ay. [1 mark]
Solution:

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3. Find the points on X-axis which lie on the
curve [3 marks each] Since, (6, 3) lies on the locus x2 = 4ay
i. 16x2 + 25y2 = 400 Substituting x = –6, y = 3 in x2 = 4ay, we get
ii. x2 + y2  4x  6y  12 = 0. ( 6)2 = 4a(3)
Also find the lengths of intercepts made by  12a = 36
the curve on X-axis in each case.  a=3

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Solution:
i. Equation of locus is 16x2 + 25y2 = 400 6. Find the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’, if the points
Substituting y = 0 in 16x2 + 25y2 = 400, we get (3, 2), (1, 2) lie on the locus ax + by = 5.
 16x2 + 25(0)2 = 400 [2 marks]



16x2 = 400
x2 = 25
x=5
O Solution:
Since (3, 2) lies on the locus ax + by = 5
 3a + 2b = 5 … (i)
Also, (1, 2) lies on the locus ax + by = 5
C
 Points of intersection of 16x2 + 25y2 = 400 with
X-axis are (5, 0) and (5, 0).   a  2b = 5 … (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
 length of intercept made by the curve on
2a = 10
X-axis = (5  5) 2  (0  0) 2  a=5
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From (i), we get

= 102 = 10 units
3(5) + 2b = 5
ii. Equation of curve is x2 + y2  4x  6y  12 = 0  15 + 2b = 5
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Substituting y = 0 in x2 + y2  4x  6y  12 = 0,  2b =  10
we get
 b=5
x2 + 02 – 4x – 6(0) – 12 = 0
 a = 5, b = 5
 x2  4x  12 = 0
 (x  6)(x + 2) = 0 7. The points (4, 4) and (16, b) lie on the
 x = 6 or x =  2 locus y2 = ax. Find the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’.
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 Point of intersection of x2 + y2  4x 6y 12=0 [2 marks]

with X-axis are (6, 0) and (2, 0) Solution:
 length of intercept made by the curve on Since, (4, 4) lies on the locus y2 = ax
Substituting x = –4, y = 4 in y2 = ax, we get
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X-axis = (6  2) 2  (0  0) 2 = 82 = 8 units.
(4)2 = a(4)
4. Find the points on Y-axis, which also lie on  4a = 16
the locus represented by the equation  a = 4
3x2  5xy + 6y2  54 = 0. [2 marks] Also, (16, b) lies on the locus y2 = ax
Solution: Substituting x = –16, y = b in y2 = ax, we get
Given equation of locus is b2 =  4(16)
3x2 – 5xy + 6y2 – 54 = 0 ….(i)  b2 = 64
Let (0, k) be the point on Y-axis which also lie on  b=8
the locus (i)  a = 4, b = 8
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 Std. XI : Perfect Maths - I
8. If A(5, 2), B(2, 4) and point C lies on the 49 x 2 49 y 2
locus y = 1+ x + x2, find the equation of the   = 49
9 16
locus of centroid of ABC. [3 marks]
Solution: x2 y 2
 + =1
Let G (x, y) be the centroid of  ABC. 9 16
A  (5,  2), B  (2, 4) x2 y 2


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Let C  (h, k) Equation of locus is + = 1.
9 16
Since point C lies on the locus y = 1 + x + x2
 k = 1 + h + h2 ….(i) 10. Given A( 5, 2) and B is the point on the

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Also, G is the centroid of  ABC. locus whose equation is x2 + y22x+4y+8= 0.
 5  2  h 2  4  k  If the point P divides segment AB
 G  ,  externally in the ratio 2:1, find the equation
 3 3 

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of locus of P. [4 marks]
h7 Solution:
 x=  h = 3x  7
3 Let P  (x, y) be any point on the required locus and
k2 B  (h, k)
and y =  k = 3y  2
3 A  (5, 2)
 Equation (i) reduces to Since, point B lies on locus x2 + y2  2x + 4y + 8 = 0

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3y  2 = 1 + (3x  7) + (3x  7)2  h2 + k2  2h + 4k + 8 = 0 .…(i)
 3y  2 = 3x  6 + 9x2 42x + 49 ‘P’ divides seg AB externally in the ratio 2 : 1
 9x2  39x  3y + 45 = 0 By using external division formula,


9.
3x2  13x  y + 15 = 0 O
Equation of locus is 3x2 13x  y + 15 = 0.
P and Q are any two points on the X and Y
P 


 2h  1(–5) 2k  1(2) 
 2 1
,
2 1 
P  ( 2h + 5, 2k – 2)

C
axes respectively such that PQ = 7. If the x 5
point R divides PQ internally in the ratio 4 :  x = 2h + 5  h =
2
3. Find the equation of locus of R. [3 marks]
y2
Solution: and y = 2k  2  k =
Let R(x, y) be any point on the required locus. 2
E

Let P (h, 0) and Q (0, k) be the points on X and  Equation (i) reduces to
2 2
Y-axis respectively.  x 5  y  2   x  5  y 2
Given PQ = 7      2   4 +8=0
 2   2   2   2 
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By using distance formula,

 (x  5)2 + (y + 2)2  4(x  5)+ 8(y + 2) + 32 = 0
 h  0 2
 0  k  = 7
2
 x2  10x + 25 + y2 + 4y + 4
 h2 + k2 = 49 ….(i)  4x + 20 + 8y + 16 + 32 = 0
R divides PQ internally in the ratio 4 : 3  x2 + y2 14x + 12y + 97 = 0
By using internal division formula,  Equation of locus is x2 + y2 14x + 12y + 97 = 0.
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 4  0  3 h  4  k   3 0 
R  ,  11. Find the equation of locus of a point P
 43 43  which divides segment AQ internally in the
 3h 4k  ratio 2 : 5, where A(3, 2) and Q is any
SA

 R  , 
 7 7  point of the locus x2 + y2  4x  12 = 0
3h 7x [4 marks]
 x= h= Solution:
7 3
4k 7y Let P  (x, y) be any point on the required locus and
and y= k= Q  (h, k).
7 4
A  (3, 2)
 Equation (i) reduces to
2 2 Since, Q lies on the locus x2 + y2  4x 12 = 0
 7x   7 y   h2 + k2  4h  12 = 0 ….(i)
     = 49
 3   4  P divides seg AQ internally in the ratio 2 : 5
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 Chapter 05: Locus
By using internal division formula, 13. P(3, 6) is a given point and Q is a point on
 2h  5(3) 2k  5(2)  the locus 9x2  16y2 = 144. Find the equation
P  ,  of the locus of midpoint of PQ. [3 marks]
 25 25 
Solution:
 2h  15 2k  10  Let R  (x, y) be the midpoint of PQ.
 P  , 
 7 7  P  (3, 6)

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2h  15 7 x  15 Let Q  (h, k)
 x= h= Since, point Q lies on the locus 9x2  16y2 = 144
7 2
 9h2  16k2 = 144 ….(i)

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2k  10 7 y  10
and y= k= But, R is the midpoint of PQ
7 2  h 3 k 6
 R  ,
 Equation (i) reduces to  2 2 

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2 2
 7 x  15   7 y  10   7 x  15  h 3
  +   4   12 = 0  x=  h = 2x + 3
 2   2   2  2
k6
 (7x  15)2 + (7y + 10)2  8(7x  15)  48 = 0 and y =  k = 2y  6
2
 49x2 210x + 225 + 49y2 + 140y + 100
 Equation (i) reduces to
 56 x + 120  48 = 0

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9(2x + 3)2  16(2y  6)2 = 144
2 2
 49x + 49y  266x + 140y + 397 = 0  9(4x2 + 12x + 9)  16(4y2  24y + 36) = 144
 Equation of locus is  36x2  64y2 + 108x + 384y  639 = 0
49x2 + 49y2  266x + 140y + 397 = 0. O  Equation of locus is
36x2  64y2 + 108x + 384y  639 = 0.
12. A(1,4) and B(6,3) are two vertices of
ABC and C is a point on the locus 14. If A, B(3, 2), C(2, 4) are vertices of
C
5x + 4y = 9. Find the equation of locus of the ABC and the centroid G lies on the locus
centroid of ABC. [3 marks] 3x2  5y2 = 15. Find the equation of the
Solution: locus of vertex A. [3 marks]
Let G (x, y) be the centroid of  ABC. Solution:
E

A  (1, 4), B  (6, 3), Let A  (x, y) and G  (h, k)

Let C  (h, k) B  (3, 2), C  (2, 4)
Since, point C lies on the locus 5x + 4y = 9. Since, G lies on the locus 3x2  5y2 = 15
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 5h + 4k = 9 ....(i)  3h2  5k2 = 15 .…(i)

G is the centroid of  ABC G is the centroid of ABC.
G   x  3  2 , y  2  4 
1 6  h 4  3  k   
 G  , 
  3 3 
 3 3 
 7  h 1 k   x 1 y  2 
 G  ,  G  , 
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
 3 3   3 3 
7h x 1 y2
 x=  h = 3x  7  h= ,k=
3 3 3
1 k  Equation (i) reduces to,
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and y=  k = 3y  1 2 2
3  x 1  y2
 Equation (i) reduces to
3  5   = 15
 3   3 
5(3x  7) + 4(3y  1) = 9  3(x + 1)2  5(y + 2)2 = 135
 15x  35 + 12y  4 = 9  3(x2 + 2x + 1)  5(y2 + 4y + 4) = 135
 15x + 12y  39 = 9  3x2 + 6x + 3  5y2  20y  20 = 135
 15x + 12y  48 = 0  3x2  5y2 + 6x  20y 152 = 0
 5x + 4y  16 = 0  Equation of locus is
 Equation of locus is 5x + 4y  16 = 0. 3x2  5y2 + 6x  20y  152 = 0.

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 Std. XI : Perfect Maths - I
15. A(5, 2), B(3, 5) and vertex C is the point
on the locus y = 2 + 3x + x2. Find the
equation of the locus of centroid G of
ABC. [3 marks]
Solution:
Let G (x, y) be the centroid of ABC.
Draw seg PM perpendicular to the axis XOX
meeting it in M and the axis X1OX1 in M1.
Also draw seg PN perpendicular to the axis YOY
meeting it in N and the axis Y1OY1 in N1.
Then OL = h, OM = x, LM = OM1 = X
MM1 = LO = k, MP = y, M1P = ON1 = Y.

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A  (5, 2), B  (3, 5) From the figure, we have
Let C  (h, k) x = OM = OL + LM = h + X
Since, C lies on the locus y = 2 + 3x + x2 y = MP = MM1 + M1P = k + Y

 k = 2 + 3h + h2
G is the centroid of ABC.
 53 h 25 k 
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….(i) Thus x = X + h and y = Y + k ….(i)
These are called the formulae for shift of origin or
transformation equations.

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 G  ,  Remark:
 3 3  From (i), we have,
h2 X = x  h and Y = y  k.
 x=  h = 3x  2
3 These give us the new co-ordinates of the point P, in
k7 terms of the old co-ordinates.
and y =  k = 3y  7
3

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 Equation (i) reduces to Exercise 5.3
3y  7 = 2 + 3(3x  2) + (3x  2)2 1. If the origin is shifted to the point (2, 3),
 3y  7 = 2 + 9x  6 + 9x2  12x + 4 the axes remaining parallel, find the new


9x2  3x  3y + 7 = 0
Equation of locus is 9x2  3x  3y + 7 = 0.
O co-ordinates of the points
i. (5, 2)
iii. (3, 4),
ii.
iv
[1 mark each]
(2, 7)
(10, 3)
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Shift of Origin
v. (2, 3)
Y Y1
Solution:
Origin is shifted to (2, 3)  (h, k)
N1 P (x, y) i. Given (x, y)  (5, 2)
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E

(X, Y) Using transformation equations, we get

X = x  h, Y=yk
 X = 5  2, Y = 2  (3)
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X1 X1  X = 3, Y=5
O M1
(h, k)  the new co-ordinates of point (5, 2) are (3, 5).
k
ii. Given (x, y)  (2,  7)
X h
L
X Using transformation equations, we get
O M
X = x  h, Y=yk
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Y Y1  X = 2  2, Y =  7  (3)
 X = 0, Y=4
Let XOX and YOY be the co-ordinate axes, so that
 the new co-ordinates of point (2, 7) are
O is the origin and let (x, y) be the co-ordinates of
SA

(0, 4).
the point P, with reference to these co-ordinate axes.
Suppose we choose the point O (h, k) as the new iii. Given (x, y)  (3, 4)
origin and X1OX1 and Y1OY1 be the co-ordinate Using transformation equations, we get
axes through the origin O and parallel to the old X = x  h, Y=yk
axes XOX and YOY respectively.  X = 3  2, Y =  4  (3)
Let the new co-ordinates of P be (X, Y) with
reference to the new co-ordinate axes.  X = 1, Y=1
We have to find the relation between the old and  the new co-ordinates of point (3, 4) are
new co-ordinates of the point P. (1, 1).

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 Chapter 05: Locus
iv. Given (x, y)  (10, 3) v. Given (X, Y)  ( 6, 3)
Using transformation equations, we get Using transformation equations,
X = x  h, Y=yk x = X + h, y=Y+k
 X =  10  2, Y = 3  (3)  x =  6  2, y=3+1
 X =  12, Y=6  x=8 y=4
 the new co-ordinates of point (10, 3) are  Old co-ordinates of point ( 6, 3) are ( 8, 4).

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(12, 6).
3. Find the co-ordinates of the point, where
v. Given (x, y)  (2,  3) the origin is shifted, axes remaining

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Using transformation equations, we get parallel, if the old and new co-ordinates of
X = x  h, Y=yk the points are given, in each of the
 X = 2  2, Y =  3  (3) following. [1 mark each]

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 X=0 Y =0 Old co-ordinates New co-ordinates
 the new co-ordinates of point (2, 3) are i. (2, 3) (5,  2)
(0, 0). ii. (3,  4) (7, 2)
iii. (a, b) (c, d)
2. If the origin is shifted to the point (2, 1), Solution:
Let the origin be shifted to (h, k).
the axes remaining parallel, find the old

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i. (x, y)  (2, 3), (X, Y)  (5, 2)
co-ordinates of the points [1 mark each] Using transformation equations,
i. (2, 4) ii. (3,  5) x = X + h, y=Y+k
iii. (0, 4) iv. (4, 8) O  2 = 5 + h, 3=2+k
v. (6, 3)  h =  3, k=5
Solution:  the co-ordinates of the point, where the origin
Origin is shifted to (2, 1)  (h, k) is shifted are (3, 5).
C
i. Given (X, Y)  (2, 4)
ii. (x, y)  (3,  4), (X, Y)  (7, 2)
Using transformation equations,
Using transformation equations,
x = X + h, y=Y+k
x = X + h, y=Y+k
 x = 2  2, y=4+1
 3 = 7 + h, 4=2+k

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x=0 y=5  h =  4, k=6

 Old co-ordinates of point (2, 4) are (0, 5)  the co-ordinates of the point, where the origin
ii. Given (X, Y)  (3,  5) is shifted are ( 4,  6).
PL

Using transformation equations, iii. (x, y)  (a, b), (X, Y)  (c, d)

x = X + h, y=Y+k Using transformation equations,
 x = 3  2, y=5+1 x = X + h, y=Y+k
 x=1 y=4  a = c + h, b=d+k
 Old co-ordinates of point (3, 5) are (1,  4)  h = a  c, k=bd
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iii. Given (X, Y)  (0, 4)  the co-ordinates of the point, where the origin
Using transformation equations, is shifted are (a  c, b  d).
x = X + h, y=Y+k
 x = 0  2, 4. If the origin is shifted to the point (1, 1),
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y=4+1
axes remaining parallel, find the new
 x=2 y=5
equation of the locus in each of the
 Old co-ordinates of point (0, 4) are (2, 5). following: [2 marks each]
iv. Given (X, Y)  ( 4, 8) i. xy  x  y + 1 = 0
Using transformation equations, ii. x2  y2  2x + 2y = 0
x=X+h, y=Y+k iii. x2 + y2  4x + 6y + 3 = 0
 x =  4  2, y=8+1 Solution:
 x=6 y=9 Given (h, k)  (1, 1)
 Old co-ordinates of point (4, 8) are ( 6, 9). Let (X, Y) be the new co-ordinates of the point (x, y)

131
 Std. XI : Perfect Maths - I
Using transformation equations, Substituting these values in the given
x = X + h, y = Y + k equation, we get
 x = X + 1, y = Y + 1 (X + a  c  a)2 + (Y + b  b)2 = r2
i. Substituting x = X + 1, y = Y + 1 in  (X  c)2 + Y2 = r2 is the new equation of locus.
xy  x  y + 1 = 0, we get
(X + 1)(Y + 1)  (X + 1)  (Y + 1) + 1 = 0 6. If the origin is shifted to the point (1, 2)

 XY + X + Y + 1  X  1  Y  1 + 1 = 0
 XY = 0 is the new equation of locus.
ii. Substituting x = X + 1 and y = Y + 1 in
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the new equation of the locus is
X2 + 5XY + 3Y2 = 0, find the original
equation of the locus, axes remaining

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parallel. [2 marks]
x2  y2  2x + 2y = 0, we get Solution:
(X + 1)2  (Y + 1)2  2(X + 1) + 2(Y + 1) = 0 Given (h, k)  (1, 2)
 X2 + 2X + 1Y2 2Y 1  2X 2 + 2Y + 2 = 0 Let (X, Y) be the new co-ordinates of the point

TE
 X2  Y2 = 0 is the new equation of locus. (x, y).
iii. Substituting x = X + 1 and y = Y + 1 in Using transformation equations,
x2 + y2  4x + 6y + 3 = 0, we get x = X + h, y=Y+k
(X + 1)2+(Y + 1)2 4(X + 1) + 6(Y+ 1) + 3 = 0  x = X  1, y=Y+2
 X2+ 2X +1+ Y2+ 2Y+14X4+ 6Y+ 6 + 3 = 0  X = x + 1, Y=y2
Substituting these values in X2 + 5XY + 3Y2 = 0, we

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 X2 + Y2 2X + 8Y + 7 = 0 is the new equation
of locus. get
(x + 1)2 + 5(x + 1)(y  2) + 3(y  2)2 = 0
5. If the origin is shifted to the point  x2 +2x +1+5xy 10x + 5y10 + 3y212y + 12 = 0

i.
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[2 marks each]
(2, 1), obtain the new equation of the
locus 2x2 + 3xy  9y2  5x  24y 7 = 0,
 x2 + 5xy + 3y2  8x  7y + 3 = 0 is the original
equation of locus.

axes remaining parallel. If the equation x2  4x  6y + 10 = 0 is

C
7.
ii. (a  c, b) find the new equation of the transformed to X2 + AY = 0 axes remaining
locus (x  a)2 + (y – b)2 = r2, axes parallel. Find the co-ordinates of the point
remaining parallel. where the origin is shifted and value of A.
Solution: [2 marks]
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i. Given (h, k)  (2,  1) Solution:

Let (X, Y) be the new co-ordinates of the Given equation of locus is x2  4x  6y + 10 = 0
point (x, y).  (x2  4x + 4)  6y + 6 = 0
PL

Using transformation equations,  (x  2)2  6(y  1) = 0 ….(i)

x = X + h, y=Y+k Let us shift the origin to (2, 1)
 x = X + 2, y=Y1  x = X + 2, y=Y+1
Substituting these values in the given  x  2 = X, y1=Y
equation, we get  equation (i) reduces to X2 – 6Y = 0
2(X + 2)2 + 3(X + 2)(Y  1)  9(Y  1)2 Comparing it with X2 + AY = 0, we get
M

 5(X + 2)  24(Y  1)  7 = 0 A=–6

 2(X2 + 4X + 4) + 3(XY – X + 2Y – 2) Hence, the origin is shifted to (2, 1) and A = – 6.
– 9(Y2 – 2Y + 1) – 5(X + 2) – 24(Y – 1) – 7 = 0
 2X2 + 8X + 8 + 3XY 3X + 6Y  6 8. The equation XY = 1 is the new form of the
SA

 9Y2 + 18Y9 5X10 24Y + 24 7 = 0 equation xy  3x + 2y  7 = 0, when the

 2X2 + 3XY  9Y2 = 0 is the new equation of origin is shifted to the point Q. Find the
locus. co-ordinates of the point Q. [2 marks]
ii. Given (h, k)  (a  c, b) Solution:
Let (X, Y) be the new co-ordinates of the Let the origin be shifted to the point Q(h, k).
point (x, y) Given equation of locus is xy  3x + 2y 7 = 0
Using transformation equations,  xy  3x + 2y  6 = 1
x = X + h, y=Y+k  x(y  3) + 2(y  3) = 1
 x = X + a  c, y=Y+b  (x + 2)(y  3) = 1 .…(i)

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 Chapter 05: Locus
Let us shift the origin to (2, 3)  x = X + h, y=Y+k
Using transformation equations, we get 1 3
x = X  2, y=Y+3  x=X+ , y=Y
2 2
 x + 2 = X, y3=Y 3
 equation (i) reduces to XY = 1  2x = 2X + 1, y+ =Y
2
 the co-ordinates of the point Q are (–2, 3).

T
3
 2x  1 = 2X, y+ =Y
9. By shifting the origin to a suitable 2
point, transform the equation 2

N
 3
2 2
5y  9x + 30y + 18x  9 = 0 to the form Substituting these values in (2x  1)2 +  y   = 4,
 2
Y 2 X2
 = 1, (a > 0, b > 0). Hence find the 2 2
we get (2X) + Y = 4
b 2 a2

co-ordinates of the point, where the origin is
shifted and the values of a and b. [4 marks]
Solution:
Given equation of locus is 5y29x2 + 30y + 18x 9 = 0
 5y2 + 30y  9x2 + 18x  9 = 0
TE
 4X2 + Y2 = 4 is the new equation of locus.
11. By shifting the origin to a suitable point
O(h, k), axes remaining parallel reduce the
equation 2x2 + 2y2  2x + 2y  1 = 0 to the
form X2 + Y2 = a2 (a > 0). Hence find

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 5(y2 + 6y)  9(x2  2x)  9 = 0
 5(y2 + 6y + 9 – 9) – 9 (x2 – 2x + 1 – 1) – 9 = 0 O(h, k) and the value of a. [4 marks]
 5(y2 + 6y + 9)  45  9(x2  2x + 1) + 99 = 0 Solution:
 5(y + 3)2  9(x  1)2 = 45 O Given equation of locus is 2x2 + 2y2  2x + 2y 1 = 0
 y  32   x  12  2x2 + 2y2  2x + 2y = 1
 =1 .…(i) Dividing throughout by 2, we get
9 5
1
C
Let us shift the origin to (1, 3) x2 + y2  x + y =
 x = X + 1, y=Y–3 2
 X = x  1, Y=y+3 1
 (x2  x) + (y2 + y) =
Y2 X2 2
 Equation (i) reduces to  =1
E

9 5  2 1  2 1 1 1 1
  x  x   + y  y   = + +
Y2 X2  4  4 2 4 4
Comparing it with  = 1, we get
b2 a2 2 2
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 1  1
2
b =9b=3   x   + y   = 1 ….(i)
 2  2
a2 = 5  a =  5
 1 1 
But, a > 0 and b > 0 Let us shift the origin to  , 
2 2 
 a = 5 , b = 3 and origin is shifted to (1,  3).
1 1
M

 x=X+ , y=Y
10. The equation of a locus is 2 2
2 1 1
 3  x = X, y+ =Y
(2x  1)2 +  y   = 4. The origin is shifted
2 2
SA

 2
 1 3  Equation (i) reduces to X2 + Y2 = 1
to the point  ,   , the axes remaining
 2 2 Comparing it with X2 + Y2 = a2, we get
parallel. Find the equation of the locus in a2 = 1
the new system. [3 marks]
 a=1
Solution:
But, a > 0
 1 3 
Given (h, k)   , 
2 2   1 1 
 a = 1 and (h, k)   ,  .
Let (X, Y) be the new co-ordinates of the point (x, y) 2 2 
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 Std. XI : Perfect Maths - I
12. By shifting the origin to a suitable point 2. Find the value of k, if the point P(2, 2) lies
O(h, k) axes remaining parallel, reduce the on the locus x2  7x + ky = 0. If the point
equation 4x2 + 9y2 + 16x  18y + 24 = 0 to the Q(3, a) also lies on the locus, find the value
X2 Y 2 of a. [2 marks]
form 2  2 = 1 (a > 0, b > 0). Find O(h, k) Solution:
a b Since, P(2, 2) lies on the locus x2  7x + ky = 0
and the values of a and b. [4 marks]

T
Substituting x = –2 and y = 2 in x2  7x + ky = 0, we
Solution: get
Given equation of locus is
(2)2  7(2) + k(2) = 0

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4x2 + 9y2 + 16x  18y + 24 = 0  4 + 14 + 2k = 0
 (4x2 + 16x) + (9y2  18y) =  24  2k =  18
 4(x2 + 4x) + 9(y2  2y) =  24  k=9
4(x2 + 4x + 4) + 9(y2  2y + 1) = 24 + 16 + 9

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 Since the point Q(3, a) also lies on the locus
 4(x + 2)2 + 9(y  1)2 = 1 x2  7x + ky = 0


 x  2 2 +  y  12 = 1 ….(i)
Substituting x = 3 and y = a in x2  7x + ky = 0, we
1 1 get
(3)2  7(3) + (9)(a) = 0
4 9
 9  21  9a = 0

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Let us shift the origin to (2, 1)
  12  9a = 0
 x = X  2, y=Y+1
  12 = 9a
 x + 2 = X, y1=Y
4
X2 Y2 O  a= .
 Equation (i) reduces to + =1 3
1 1
4 9 3. Show that for all values of r the point
(x1 + r.cos, y1 + r.sin) always lies on the
C
2 2
X Y
Comparing it with 2
 2  1 , we get locus y  y1 = tan (x  x1). [2 marks]
a b
Solution:
1 1 1 1
a2 =  a =  and b2 =  b =  Given point is (x1 + r.cos , y1 + r.sin )
4 2 9 3 Equation of locus is y  y1 = tan .(x  x1)
But a > 0, b > 0
E

Substituting x = x1+ r.cos  and y = y1 + r.sin in

1 1 equation of locus, we get
 a = , b = and (h, k)  (2, 1).
2 3 L.H.S. = y1 + r.sin  y1
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= r.sin
Miscellaneous Exercise - 5 R.H.S. = tan .(x1 + r.cos   x1)
sin 
1. Find the value of k, if the point (8, 6) lies = . (r.cos )
cos 
x2 y2 = r.sin = L.H.S.
on the locus  = k. [1 mark]
4 3
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 L.H.S. = R.H.S.
Solution:  (x1 + r.cos , y1 + r.sin ) always lies on the
x2 y 2 locus y  y1 = tan .(x  x1) for all values of r.
Since, (8, 6) lies on the locus  =k
4 3
SA

4. Find the equation of locus of points which

x2 y 2
Substituting x = –8 and y = 6 in   k , we get are equidistant from the points (2, 3) and
4 3 (5, 7). [2 marks]
 82  6 2 Solution:
+ =k Let P (x, y) be any point on the required locus.
4 3
64 36 and Q  (2, 3), R  (5,7)
  k According to the given condition,
4 3
PQ = PR
 16 + 12 = k
 k = 28   x  2  2   y  3 2 =  x  5  2   y  7  2

134
 Chapter 05: Locus
Squaring on both sides, we get By using distance formula,
(x – 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = (x – 5)2 + (y – 7)2
 x2  4x + 4 + y2  6y + 9  x  12   y  32 = y
= x2 10x + 25 + y2 14y + 49 Squaring on both sides, we get
 6x + 8y – 61 = 0 (x  1)2 + (y  3)2 = y2
 Equation of locus is 6x + 8y – 61 = 0.
 x2  2x + 1 + y2  6y + 9 = y2

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5. Find the equation of locus of points whose  x2  2x  6y + 10 = 0
distance from the point (2, 3) is twice its  Equation of locus is x2 2x  6y + 10 = 0.

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distance from (1, 2). [2 marks]
Solution: 8. Find the equation of locus of a point such
Let P(x, y) be any point on the required locus
that the sum of the squares of its distances
and Q  (2, 3), R  (1, 2)

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According to the given condition, from the points (2, 5) and (3, 1) is equal to
PQ = 2.PR 40. [2 marks]
Solution:
  x  2 2   y  32 = 2.  x  12   y  2 2
Let P(x, y) be any point on the required locus.
Squaring on both sides, we get
and Q  (2, 5), R  (3, 1)
(x  2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 4[(x  1)2 + (y  2)2]

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 x2  4x + 4 + y2 + 6y + 9 According to the given condition,
= 4 (x2  2x + 1 + y2  4y + 4) PQ2 + PR2 = 40
 x2  4x + 4 + y2 + 6y + 9 O By using distance formula,
= 4x2  8x + 4 + 4y2  16y + 16 (x  2)2 + (y  5)2 + (x  3)2 + (y + 1)2 = 40
 x2 + y2  4x + 6y + 13  x2 – 4x + 4 + y2 – 10y +25 + x2 – 6x + 9
= 4x2 + 4y2  8x  16y + 20
+ y2 + 2y + 1 = 40
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2 2
 3x + 3y  4x  22y + 7 = 0
 Equation of locus is 3x2 + 3y2  4x 22y + 7 = 0.  2x2 + 2y2  10x  8y  1 = 0
 Equation of locus is 2x2 + 2y2 10x 8y 1= 0.
6. Find the equation of locus of a point such
that its distance from the origin is three
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9. Find the equation of locus of a point whose

times its distance from X-axis. [2 marks] distance from (a, 0) is m times its distance
Solution: from (0, a). [3 marks]
Let P(x, y) be any point on the required locus.
PL

According to the given condition, Solution:

(OP) = 3.y Let P(x, y) be any point on the required locus
By using distance formula, and Q  (a, 0), R  (0, a)
According to the given condition,
 x  0  2   y  0  2 = 3y PQ = m.PR
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Squaring on both sides, we get By using distance formula,

x2 + y2 = 9y2
 x2  8y2 = 0  x  a 2   y  0 2 = m.  x  0 2   y  a 2
 Equation of locus is x2  8y2 = 0.
SA

Squaring on both sides, we get

7. Find the equation of locus of point which is (x  a)2 + y2 = m2[x2 + (y  a)2]
equidistant from (1, 3) and X-axis.  x2  2ax + a2 + y2 = m2x2 + m2y2  2am2y + a2m2
[2 marks]  (m21)x2 +(m21)y2 + 2ax  2am2y +(m21)a2= 0
Solution:
 (m2 1)(x2 + y2) + 2ax 2am2y + (m2  1)a2 = 0
Let P(x, y) be any point on the required locus.
and A  (1, 3)  (1 – m2)(x2 + y2) – 2ax + 2am2y +(1 – m2)a2= 0
According to the given condition,  Equation of locus is
(AP) = y (1 – m2)(x2 + y2) – 2ax + 2am2y + (1 – m2)a2 = 0.

135
 Std. XI : Perfect Maths - I
10. A(3, 0), B(3, 0) are two given points, a point x 5 y 1
 h= and k =
P is such that AP + BP = 10. Show that the 3 3
x2 y2  Equation (i) reduces to
equation of locus of P is  = 1.
25 16  x 5  y 1
3  4  + 11 = 0
[4 marks]  3   3 
Solution:  3x  15  4y  4 + 33 = 0

T
A  (3, 0), B  (3, 0)  3x  4y + 14 = 0
Let P(x, y) be a point on the required locus.  Equation of locus is 3x  4y + 14 = 0.

N
Given PA + PB = 10
By using distance formula, 12. Given the points A(5, 3) and B(1, 5).
Find the equation of the locus of the point P
 x  3   y  0  +  x  3   y  0  = 10
2 2 2 2

TE
such that segment AB subtends a right
angle at P. [3 marks]
 x  3  x  3
2 2
  y 2 = 10   y2
Solution:
Squaring on both sides, we get Let P (x, y) be any point on the required locus
x2 + 6x + 9 + y2 = 100  20  x  3  y 2
2
A  (5, 3), B  (1, 5) and segment AB subtends
a right angle at P.
+ (x2  6x + 9 + y2)

N
 APB is a right angled triangle. A(5, –3)
12x  100 =  20  x  3  y 2
2


 x  3
2
 3x  25 =  5  y2 O
Again squaring on both sides, we get By Pythagoras theorem,
(3x  25)2 = 25 [(x  3)2 + y2] B(–1,–5)
AB2 = AP2 + PB2 P(x, y)
 9x2  150x + 625 = 25(x2  6x + 9 + y2)
C
By using distance formula,
 9x2  150x + 625 = 25x2 150x + 225 + 25y2 (5 + 1)2 + (–3 + 5)2 = (x  5)2 + (y + 3)2
 16x2 + 25y2 = 400 + (x + 1)2 + (y + 5)2
x2 y 2  62 + 22 = x2 – 10x + 25 + y2 + 6y + 9 + x2
  =1
+ 2x + 1 + y2 + 10y + 25
E

25 16
2 2
x2 y 2  2x + 2y  8x + 16y + 60 = 40
 Equation of locus is  1.
25 16  2x2 + 2y2  8x + 16y + 20 = 0
PL

11. A(2,  5) and B( 7, 6) are two vertices of a
triangle. Find the equation of the locus of
the third vertex C, if the centroid of the
triangle lies on the locus 3x  4y + 11 = 0.
M
 x2 + y2  4x + 8y + 10 = 0
 Equation of locus is x2 + y2  4x + 8y + 10 = 0.
13. A point P moves such that the sum of the
distances from the points (c, 0) and ( c, 0) is
2a. Show that equation of its locus is

[3 marks]
Solution: x2 y2
 = 1, where b2 = a2  c2. [4 marks]
Let G  (h, k) be the centroid of ABC a2 b2
and C  (x, y). Solution:
SA

A  (2,  5), B  ( 7, 6) Let P (x, y) be any point on the required locus

Since, G lies on the locus 3x  4y + 11 = 0 and S  (c, 0), S  ( c, 0)
 3h  4k + 11 = 0 ….(i) According to the given condition,
G is the centroid of  ABC PS + PS = 2a
2  7  x 5  6  y  By using distance formula,
 G   , 
 3 3   x  c 2   y  0 2 +  x  c 2   y  0 2 = 2a
x  5 y 1
 G   ,    x  c 2  y 2 = 2a   x  c 2  y 2
 3 3 

136
 Chapter 05: Locus
Squaring on both sides, we get Since, ‘B’ lies on the locus x2 + y2 + 5x  5 = 0.
x2 2cx + c2 + y2  h2 + k2 + 5h  5 = 0 ….(i)
= 4a2  4a  x  c   y 2 + x2 + 2cx + c2 + y2
2
P divides seg AB internally in the ratio 1:2
 4a  x  c   y 2 = 4a2 + 4cx
2 By using internal division formula,
 1(h)  2  4  1(k)  2  0  

T
 a  x  c   y 2 = a2 + cx
2
P  , 
 1 2 1 2 
Again squaring on both sides, we get
a2(x2 + 2cx + c2 + y2) = a4 + 2cxa2 + c2x2  h 8 k 

N
 P  , 
 a2x2 + 2cxa2 + a2c2 + a2y2 = a4 + 2cxa2 + c2x2  3 3
 a2x2 + a2c2 + a2y2 = a4 + c2x2
h 8
 (a2  c2)x2 + a2y2 = a4  a2c2  x=  h = 3x + 8

TE
 (a2  c2)x2 + a2y2 = a2(a2  c2) 3
x2 y2 k
  =1 and y=  k = 3y
a2 2
a c 2 3
x2 y2  Equation (i) reduces to
  = 1, where b2 = a2 – c2
a2 b2 (3x + 8)2 + (3y)2 + 5(3x + 8)  5 = 0

N
2 2
x y
 Equation of locus is  = 1.  9x2 + 48x + 64 + 9y2 + 15x + 40  5 = 0
a2 b2
 9x2 + 9y2 + 63x + 99 = 0
14. If O is the origin and Q is a variable point

O x2 + y2 + 7x + 11 = 0
on the locus x2 = 4y. Find the equation of
the locus of the midpoint of seg OQ.  Equation of locus is x2 + y2 + 7x + 11 = 0.
[2 marks]
Solution:
C
16. If A(4, 3), C(0, 2) and the point B lies on
Let P (x, y) be the midpoint of seg OQ,
where O  (0, 0) the locus y = 1 + x2, find the equation of the
Let Q (h, k) be the point on locus locus of the centroid of  ABC. [3 marks]
Since, Q lies on the locus x2 = 4y Solution:
E

 h2 = 4k ….(i) Let G (x, y) be the centroid of ABC.

 0  h 0  k 
But P   ,  A  (4, 3), C  (0, 2)
 2 2 
PL

Let B  (h, k)
h
 x =  h = 2x Since, B lies on the locus y = 1 + x2
2
k  k = 1 + h2 .…(i)
and y =  k = 2y
2 G is the centroid of ABC
 Equation (i) reduces to  4  h  0 3  k  2 
M

(2x)2 = 4 (2y)  G  , 
 3 3 
 x2 = 2y
 Equation of locus is x2 = 2y. h4
 x=  h = 3x  4
3
SA

15. A(4, 0) is a given point and B is a point on

the locus x2 + y2 + 5x  5 = 0. Find the k 1
and y=  k = 3y + 1
equation of the locus of a point which 3
divides seg AB internally in the ratio 1 : 2.  Equation (i) reduces to
[3 marks]
Solution: (3y + 1)= 1 + (3x  4)2
Let P(x, y) be the point which divides seg AB  3y + 1 = 1 + 9x2  24x + 16
internally in the ratio 1 : 2.  9x2  24x  3y + 16 = 0
A  ( 4, 0)
 Equation of locus is 9x2  24x 3y + 16 = 0.
Let B  (h, k)
137
 Std. XI : Perfect Maths - I
17. Q is a point on the locus x2+y2+6x4y+5 = 0.
Find the equation of the locus of a point P,
which divides seg OQ externally in the ratio
2 : 3 where O is the origin. [4 marks]
Solution:
Let P  (x, y), be any point on the required locus and
19. The origin is shifted to the point (5, 9) axes
remaining parallel, if the point (3, b) lies on
the new X-axis and the point (a, 3) lies on
the new Y-axis. Find the values of a and b.
[3 marks]
Solution:

T
Given (h, k)  (5, 9)
Q  (h, k), O  (0, 0) Let (X,Y) be the new co-ordinates of the point (x, y).
Since ‘Q’ lies on the locus x2 + y2 + 6x  4y + 5 = 0 Using transformation equations,

N
 h2 + k2 + 6h  4k + 5 = 0 ….(i) x = X + h, y = Y + k
P divides seg OQ externally in the ratio 2 : 3.  x = X – 5 …(i)
By using external division formula, and y = Y + 9 …(ii)

TE
Since, (3, b) lies on the new X-axis
 2  h   3 0 2  k   3 0 
P  ,   (x, y)  (3, b) and Y = 0
 23 23  From (ii), we get
 2h 2k  b=0+9b=9
 P  ,  Also, (a, 3) lies on the new Y-axis
 1 1 
(x, y)  (a, 3) and X = 0

N
x From (i), we get
 x =  2h  h =
2 a=05
y  a = 5
and


y =  2k  k =
2
Equation (i) reduces to
2 2
O 

20.
a = 5 and b = 9.

Shifting the origin to a suitable point (X, Y)

 x    y   x   y 
C
     6   4 5 0 so that the equation y2 + 8x + 4y 2 = 0 will
 2   2   2   2  not contain term in Y and the constant
x2 y 2 term, find the co-ordinates of the point to
   3 x + 2y + 5 = 0 which the origin is shifted. [3 marks]
4 4
Solution:
E

 x2 + y2  12x + 8y + 20 = 0 Let the origin be shifted to (h, k).

 Equation of locus is x2 + y212x + 8y + 20 = 0. Let (X,Y) be the new co-ordinates of the point (x, y).
Using transformation equations,
PL

18. By shifting the origin to the point (1, 2), x = X + h, y = Y + k

transform the equation 4x2+y2+8x4y+4=0, Substituting x = X + h, y = Y + k in
axes remaining parallel. [2 marks] y2 + 8x + 4y  2 = 0, we get
Solution: (Y + k)2 + 8(X + h) + 4(Y + k)  2 = 0
Given (h, k)  (1, 2)  Y2 + 2Yk + k2 + 8X + 8h + 4Y + 4k  2 = 0
M

Let (X,Y) be the new co-ordinates of the point (x, y).  Y2 + 8X + (2k + 4)Y + k2 + 8h + 4k  2 = 0
But, it does not contain the term in Y and constant
Using transformation equations,
term.
x = X + h, y = Y + k
 2k + 4 = 0  k =  2
SA

 x = X  1, y = Y + 2 Also, k2 + 8h + 4k  2 = 0
Substituting x = X  1, y = Y + 2 in  (–2)2 + 8h + 4(–2) –2 = 0
4x2 + y2 + 8x  4y + 4 = 0, we get  4 + 8h  8  2 = 0
4(X 1)2 + (Y+ 2)2 + 8(X 1)  4(Y+ 2) + 4 = 0  8h = 6
 4(X2 – 2X + 1) + (Y2 + 4Y + 4) + 8X – 8 – 4Y 3
 h=
–8+4=0 4
2 2
 4X 8X + 4 + Y + 4Y +4+ 8X84Y8 + 4 = 0 3 
 Origin is shifted to  , 2  .
 4X2 + Y2  4 = 0 is the new equation of locus. 4 

138
 Chapter 05: Locus
21. Find the co-ordinates of the point to which 23. Obtain the new equation of the locus
the origin is shifted and the value of ‘a’, if (a  b) (x2 + y2)  2abx = 0, if the origin
the equation y2  6x + 4y + 28 = 0 is reduced  ab 
to the form Y2 = 4aX. [2 marks] is shifted to the point  ,0  , axes
ab 
Solution:
remaining parallel. [4 marks]
Given equation of locus is y2  6x + 4y + 28 = 0
Solution:

T
 y2 + 4y = 6x  28
 ab 
 y2 + 4y + 4 = 6x  28 + 4 Origin is shifted to (h, k)   ,0 
ab 
 (y + 2)2 = 6(x  4) ….(i)

N
Let us shift the origin to (4, 2) Let (X,Y) be the new co-ordinates of the point (x, y).
 x = X + 4 and y = Y  2 Using transformation equations, we get
x = X + h, y = Y + k
 x  4 = X and y + 2 = Y

TE
ab
 Equation (i) reduces to Y2 = 6X  x=X+ ,y=Y+0
Comparing it with Y2 = 4aX, we get a b
4a = 6 ab
Substituting x = X + , y = Y in
3 ab
 a = and origin is shifted to (4, 2).
2 (a  b)(x2 + y2)  2abx = 0, we get
 2 

N
(a  b)  X 
22. A is any point on X-axis and B is any point ab  2  ab 
  Y   2ab  X  =0
on Y-axis and P is a variable point on AB  ab   a b
with PA = b, PB = a and AB = a + b. Find
 2   X  a  b   ab 
the equation of locus of P. [3 marks]  (a  b)   a  b  X  ab  Y2   2ab 
O =0
Solution:   a  b  2  a  b
 
Let P(x, y) be any point on the required locus.  a  b 2 X 2  2ab(a  b)X  a 2 b 2  Y 2  a  b 2 
Let A (h, 0) and B (0, k) be the points on X and  (a  b)   
C
Y-axis respectively.  (a  b) 2 
Point ‘P’ divides seg AB internally in the ratio b : a 2ab  X  a  b   ab 
By using internal division formula,  =0
 b 0  a  h  b  k   a 0 
a  b
P  ,  (a  b) 2 (X 2  Y 2 )  2ab (a  b)X  a 2 b 2
ba ba
E

  
(a  b)
 ah bk 
 P  ,  2ab[X(a  b)  ab]
ab ab – =0
PL

(a  b)
 x=
ah
h=
a  b.x
 (a  b)2 (X2 + Y2) + 2ab (a  b) X + a2b2
ab a
 2ab(a  b)X  2a2b2 = 0
and y =
bk
k=
 a  b . y
 (a  b)2 (X2 + Y2) – a2b2 = 0 is the new
ab b equation of locus.
Given AB = a + b
M

By using distance formula, 24. By shifting the origin to a suitable point

 h  0   0  k  = a + b
2 2
reduce the equation 2x2  y2  4x + 4y3 = 0
Squaring on both sides, we get X2 Y 2
to the form 2  2 = 1(a > 0, b > 0) and
SA

h2 + k2 = (a + b)2 a b
2 2 hence find the values of a and b and the
 a  b. x   a  b. y  co-ordinates of the point to which the origin
   +  = (a + b)2
 a   b  is shifted. [4 marks]
x2 y2 Solution:
  =1 Given equation of locus is
a2 b2
2x2  y2  4x + 4y  3 = 0
x2 y2
 Equation of locus is  = 1.  (2x2  4x)  (y2  4y) = 3
a2 b2  2(x2  2x)  (y2  4y) = 3

139
 Std. XI : Perfect Maths - I
 2(x2  2x + 1)  (y2  4y + 4) = 3 + 2  4 Additional Problems for Practice
 2(x  1)2  (y  2)2 = 1
Based on Exercise 5.1
 x  12  y  2 2
  =1 ….(i) 1. Find the locus of point P in each of the
1 1
2 following cases where [1 mark each]
i. abscissa of P is 4

T
Let us shift the origin to (1, 2)
 x = X + 1, y = Y + 2 ii. abscissa of P exceeds its ordinate by 2
iii. ordinate of P exceeds three times its
 x  1 = X, y  2 = Y

N
abscissa by 5
X2 Y2
 Equation (i) reduces to  =1 iv. the sum of the co-ordinates of P is 12.
1 1
2 2. Find the equation of the locus of a point

TE
whose distance from (1, 2) is always 5 units.
X2 Y2
Comparing it with  = 1, we get [2 marks]
a 2 b2
1 1 3. Find the equation of a locus of a point which is
a2 =  a =  equidistant from the points (1, –2) and (–2, 3).
2 2
2 [2 marks]
and b =1b=1

N
But a > 0, b > 0 4. A  (2, 0) and B  (3, 6). Find the equation of
1 the locus of point P such that AP2 + BP2 = 60.
 a= , b =1and origin is shifted to (1, 2). [2 marks]

25.
2

Find the locus of a point which moves such

that the sum of its distances from (3, 0) and
O
5. If A  (3, 4) and B  (–1, 2), then find the equation
of locus of point P such that PA2 = 3PB2.
[2 marks]
C
(3, 0) is less than 9. [4 marks] 6. A(3, 4), B(–5, 2) and C(2, 1) are given points.
Solution: Find the equation of the locus of the point P
Let P (x, y) be any point on the required locus such that AP2 + BP2 = CP2. [2 marks]
and A  (3, 0), B  (3, 0) 7. A(4, 0) and B(4, 0) are two given points. A
E

According to the given condition, variable point P is such that PA + PB = 10.

PA + PB < 9 Show that the equation of locus of P is
By using distance formula,
PL

x2 y 2
 1. [4 marks]
 x  3 2   y  0  2 +  x  3  2   y  0  2 < 9 25 9
8. A  (2, 4) and B  (5, 8). Find the equation of the
  x  3  2  y 2 < 9   x  3 2  y 2
locus of the point P such that AP2 – BP2 = 13.
Squaring on both sides, we get [2 marks]
M

(x2 + 6x + 9 + y2 ) 9. A(–1, 0) and B(1, 0) are two points. Find the

<  81  18  x  3 2
2 2 2
 y  x  6x  9  y  equation of the locus of point P such that
 
PA  PB = 4. Show that the equation of locus
SA

 18  x  32  y 2 < 81  12x of P is

x2 y 2
+ = 1. [4 marks]
4 3
 6  x  3 2  y 2 < 27  4x1
10. A(1, 2) and B(3, 0) are the two given points.
Again, squaring on both sides, we get Find the equation of locus of point P such that
36 (x2 – 6x + 9 + y2) < 729 – 216x + 16x2 APB is a right angle. [3 marks]
 36x2 216x + 324 + 36y2 < 729  216x + 16x2
11. Find the equation of locus of a point, which
 20x2 + 36y2 < 405
moves such that the ratio of its distances from
 Equation of locus is 20x2 + 36y2 < 405. (–2, 5) and (2, 3) is 1 : 2. [3 marks]
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 Chapter 05: Locus

Based on Exercise 5.2 3. The point (1, 3) becomes (–2, 1) after the shift
of origin. Find the co-ordinates of the point,
1. Examine whether the following points lie on
where the origin is shifted. [1 mark]
the locus whose equation is [1 mark each]
2x2 + 2y2  3x + 13y + 9 = 0 4. If the origin is shifted to the point (1, 1), axes
i. (3, –2) remaining parallel, find the new equation of
(1, 2)

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ii. the locus whose old equation is
2. Find the points of intersection of the locus x2 + y2  3x – 7y + 20 = 0. [2 marks]
x2 + y2 – 5x + 9y – 36 = 0 with [2 marks each]

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5. By shifting the origin to a suitable point, axes
i. X-axis
ii. Y-axis remaining parallel, if the equation
2
y – 4x – 6y – 11 = 0 reduces to the form
3. Find the value of ‘a’, if the point (2, –4) lies

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Y2 = aX, find the value of ‘a’. [3 marks]
on the locus y2 = 4ax. [1 mark]
4. Find the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’, if the points 6. The origin is shifted to the point (5, –1). The
(1, 2) and (3, –2) lie on the locus ax + by = 4. equation of the locus in the new system is
[2 marks] 9X2  Y2 = 0. Find the equation of the locus in
5. A(3, 2) and B(–1, 4) are fixed points. C is a the original system. [3 marks]

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variable point on the locus whose equation is 2
 1
x + 3y = 4. Find the locus of the centroid of 7. The equation of a locus is (x – 2)2 +  y   = 9.
 2
ABC. [3 marks]
6. Find the equation of the locus of point P
O
which divides seg AQ externally in the ratio
3 : 2, where A is (1, 0) and Q lies on the locus
2 1
The origin is shifted to the point  ,   , axes
3 2
remaining parallel. Find the equation of the
x2 + y2 – 5x – 36 = 0.
C
[3 marks] locus in the new system. [3 marks]
7. Find the equation of the locus of point P which Based on Miscellaneous Exercise - 5
divides seg AQ internally in the ratio 3 : 2,
where A is (–2, 1) and Q lies on the locus 1. Find the value of k, if the point (6, –4) lies on
y2 + 2y  6x  5 = 0. [3 marks]
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x2 y 2
the locus + = k. [1 mark]
8. A(1, 2) is a given point and B is a point on the 3 2
locus x2 + y2 = 4. Find the locus of the
2. Find the value of k, if the point P(1, 2) lies
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midpoint of seg AB. [3 marks]

on the locus x2  5x  ky = 0. If the point (1, a)
9. A(1, 3) and B(1, –2) are the vertices of a
also lies on the locus, then find a. [2 marks]
triangle. Find the equation of locus of the third
vertex C, if the centroid of the triangle lies on 3. Find the equation of the locus of a point which
the locus y = 2 + 3x2. [3 marks] is equidistant from the point (1, 2) and (–3, 4).
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Based on Exercise 5.3 [2 marks]

4. Find the equation of locus of points such that
1. If the origin is shifted to the point (1, 2), the
axes remaining parallel, find the new its distance from the origin is two times its
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co-ordinates of the points [1 mark each] distance from Y-axis. [2 marks]

i. (3, –4) 5. Find the equation of the locus of a point, the
ii. (2, 3) sum of the squares of its distances from the
2. If the origin is shifted to (–2, 2), the axes points (3, 0) and (0, –4) is equal to 12.
remaining parallel, the new co-ordinates of the [2 marks]
point are [1 mark each]
i. (3, 1) 6. A(1, 0) and B(–1, 0) are two points. Find the
ii. (–5, –3), equation of the locus of points P such that
find their old co-ordinates. PA + PB = 6. [4 marks]

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 Std. XI : Perfect Maths - I
7. A(2, 1) and B(–4, 3) are two vertices of a
triangle. Find the equation of the locus of the
third vertex C, if the centroid of the triangle
lies on the locus 2x + 3y + 10 = 0. [3 marks]
8. A is a point on the locus whose equation is
17. Find the co-ordinates of the point to which the
origin is shifted such that the equation
x2 – 2y2 – 8x – 12y – 30 = 0 reduces to the
X2 Y2
form 2 – 2 = 1. Also find the values of ‘a’
a b

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x2 + y2 – 4 = 0. If B is (3, 4), find the equation and ‘b’. [4 marks]
of the locus of the centroid of OAB, where O 18. The origin is shifted to the point (2, p). Find
is the origin. [3 marks] the value of p such that the new equation of

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9. Given the points A(3, 0) and B(–3, 0). Find the locus given by y2 + 4x – 6y + 10 = 0 does
the equation of the locus of the point P such not contain the term in Y. [3 marks]

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that segment AB subtends a right angle at P. 19. Find the locus of a point which moves so that
[3 marks] the sum of its distances from (4, 0) and (–4, 0)
10. Q is a point on the locus x2 + y2 = 16 and the is less than 10. [4 marks]
point A is (1, 1). Find the equation of the locus
Multiple Choice Questions
of a point P, which divides segment AQ

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internally in the ratio 1 : 3. [4 marks] 1. The equation of the locus of a point whose
11. O is the origin. Find the equation of the locus distance from the X-axis is half its distance
of point P which divides seg OQ externally in from the origin is

12.
O
the ratio 3 : 2 and Q lies on the locus y2 = 8x.
[4 marks]
If AB is a portion of a line intercepted
(A) x2 + 3y2 = 0
(C) 3x2 + y2 = 0
(B) x2  3y2 = 0
(D) 3x2  y2 = 0
2. The equation of the locus of point P which is
C
between the co-ordinate axes such that A lies equidistant from the points (5, 4) and (3, 2)
on X-axis and B lies on Y-axis. If P divides is
segment AB internally in the ratio 3 : 4, find (A) 4x  3y + 7 = 0 (B) 3x + 4y = 0
the equation of locus of P, given that AB = 7. (C) 3x  4y  7 = 0 (D) 4x  3y  7 = 0
E

[4 marks]
3. A(3, 0) and B(3, 0) are the two given points.
13. The origin is shifted to the point (1, –2). Find
Find the equation of the locus of points such
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the new equation of the locus

that PA + PB = 10?
2x2 – y2 – 6x + 2y + 10 = 0. [2 marks]
x2 y2
14. The origin shifted to the point (4, –3). The (A) + =1
25 16
equation of a locus in the new system is
x2 y2
5X2 + Y2 = 0 . Find the equation of the locus (B) + =1
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9 16
in the original system. [2 marks]
(C) 16x2 + 25y2 = 1
15. The origin is shifted to the point (h, 1). Find (D) 16x2 + 9y2 = 400
the value of h, so that the new equation of the
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4. A is a point on the X-axis and B is a point on

locus given by x2 + 2y + 6x – 10 = 0 will not
contain the term in X. [3 marks] the Y-axis such that (OA) = 3(OB), O being

16. The locus given by x cos  + y sin  = p, the origin. Then the locus of the midpoint of
 AB is
where   0,   and p is a constant, (A) 2x  5y = 0
2
intersects the X and Y axes at the points A and (B) 2x  3y = 0
B respectively. Find the equation of locus of (C) x  3y = 0
midpoint of segment AB. [4 marks] (D) x  y = 0

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 Chapter 05: Locus
5. A is a point on the X-axis and B is a point on 10. If the origin is shifted to the point (5, 2) the
the Y-axis such that (AB) = 5. Then the axes remaining parallel, then the new
coordinates of the point (4, 6) is
equation of the locus of the point P which
(A) (5, 8) (B) (9, 8)
divides seg AB externally in the ratio 2 : 3 is
(C) (9, 2) (D) (9, 2)
x2 y2

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(A) + =1
9 4 11. If the origin is shifted to the point (7, 2) the
x2 y2 axes remaining parallel, then the old
(B) + =1 co-ordinates of the points (4, 1) and (2, 3)

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225 100
(C) x2 + y2 = 25 are
(D) 4x2 + 4y2 = 25 (A) (3, 3), (5, 1)

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(B) (3, –3), (5, 1)
6. If A and B are variable points on the X and Y
(C) (3, 3), (5, 1)
axis respectively such that 4(OA)= 3(OB),
(D) (3, 3), (5, 1)
O being the origin, then the locus of the point
12. The equation of a locus is
which divides seg AB internally in the ratio 2 2
2 : 1 is x + y  6x + 4y  12 = 0. If the origin is

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(A) 3x  8y = 0 shifted to (3, 2), the axes remaining parallel,
(B) 3x + 8y = 0 then the new equation of the locus is
(A) X2 + Y2 = 25
(C) 8x  3y = 0 O (B) X2  6Y2 = 0
(D) 8x + 3y = 0
(C) X2 + Y2 = 16
7. If A (2, 5) and B(4, 11) are two fixed points. (D) X2  Y2 = 9
C
C is any point on the locus 3x + 4y + 5 = 0,
then the locus of the centroid of triangle ABC 13. If the origin is shifted to (3, 1), axes
is remaining parallel, (3, b) lies on the new
(A) 9x + 12y + 11 = 0 X-axis and (a, 1) lies on the new Y-axis, then
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(B) 9x  12y = 0 the values of a & b are

(C) 9x  12y  11 = 0 (A) a = 2, b = 3
(D) 9x + 12y  11 = 0 (B) a = 1, b = 1
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(C) a = 3, b = 2
8. If A  (1, 1). B is a point on the circle with (D) a = 3, b = –1
centre at the origin and radius 5 units, then the
14. The equation of a locus is
locus of the midpoint of AB is
x2 + y2  4x + 6y  3 = 0 if the origin is shifted
(A) 4x2 + y2 + 4x + y = 0
to (2, 3), then the new equation of the locus is
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(B) x2 + y2 + 4x + 4y  23 = 0
(A) X2  Y2 = 9
(C) 4x2 + 4y2 + 4x + 4y  23 = 0
(B) X2 + Y2 = 9
(D) 4x2 + 4y2  4x  4y + 23 = 0
(C) X2 + Y2 =16
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9. The equation of the locus of a point P(x, y), if (D) X2  Y2 = 16

x = a sec  and y = b tan  is
15. On shifting the origin to (h, k), axes remaining
x2 y2
(A)  =1 parallel, the co-ordinates of (5, 4) become
b2 a2
(3, 1). Then h & k are
(B) x2  y2 = 1 (A) h = 5, k = 4
(C) x2  y2 = ab (B) h = 3, k = 2
x2 y2 (C) h = 8, k = 3
(D)  =1
a2 b2 (D) h = 8, k = 5
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 Std. XI : Perfect Maths - I
16. Which of the following points lie on the locus Based on Exercise 5.2
whose equation is x2  4x  6y  20 = 0?
1. i. (3, –2) lies on the locus
(A) (1, 1) (B) (2, 4)
ii. (1, 2) does not lie on the locus.
(C) (2, 3) (D) (0, 2)
2. i. (9, 0), (4, 0)
2
If the point (4, 1) lies on the locus x = 4ay,

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17. ii. (0, –12), (0, 3)
then the value of a is
3. a=2
(A) 3 (B) 2

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(C) 1 (D) 4 4. a = 2, b = 1
5. x + 3y – 8 = 0
18. If the points (2, 2) and (8, b) lie on the locus

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y2 = ax, then the value of b is 6. x2 + y2 – 11x  350 = 0
(A) 2 (B) 8 7. 5y2  18x + 2y  25 = 0
(C) 4 (D) 3
8. 4x2 + 4y2 – 4x – 8y + 1 = 0
19. The value of k, if the point (4, 5) lies on the
9. x2 + 4x  y + 9 = 0

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2 2
x y
locus + = k, is
4 5 Based on Exercise 5.3
(A) 28 (B) 16 1. i. (2, –6)

20.
(C) 9 (D) 25

The line segment joining A(2, –1) and B(–2,1)

O 2.
ii.
i.
(3, 1)
(1, 3)
C
subtends a right angle at P. The locus of P is ii. (–7, –1)
(A) x2 + y2 = 8 3. (3, 2)
(B) x2 + y2 = 2
4. X2 + Y2  X – 5Y + 12 = 0
(C) x2 + y2 = 4
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(D) x2 + y2 = 5 5. a=4

Answers to Additional Practice Problems 6. 9x2  y2  90x  2y + 224 = 0.

PL

Based on Exercise 5.1 7. 9X2 + 9Y2 – 24X – 65 = 0

1. i. x=4 ii. x=y+2 Based on Miscellaneous Exercise - 5

iii. y = 3x + 5 iv. x + y = 12 1. k = 20
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2 2
2. x + y – 2x – 4y – 20 = 0 4
2. k = 3, a = 
3. 3x – 5y + 4 = 0 3

4. 2x2 + 2y2 – 10x + 12y – 11 = 0 3. 2x – y + 5 = 0

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4. 3x2 – y2 = 0
5. x2 + y2 + 6x – 2y  5 = 0
5. 2x2 + 2y2 – 6x + 8y + 13 = 0
6. x2 + y2 + 8x – 10y + 49 = 0
x2 y 2
8. 3x + 4y – 41 = 0 6. + =1
9 8
10. x2 + y2  4x  2y + 3 = 0
7. 2x + 3y + 32 = 0
2 2
11. 3x + 3y + 20x – 34y + 103 = 0 8. 3x2 + 3y2 – 6x – 8y + 7 = 0

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 Chapter 05: Locus
9. x2 + y2 = 9
10. 8x2 + 8y2 – 12x – 12y + 1 = 0
11. y2 = 24x

x2 y 2
12. + =1

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16 9
13. 2X2 – Y2  2X + 6Y  2 = 0

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14. 5x2 + y2  40x + 6y + 89 = 0
15. h = –3.

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16. p2(x2 + y2) = 4x2y2

X2 Y2
17. – = 1 ; a =  2 7 , b =  14
28 14
18. p=3

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x2 y 2
19. + <1
25 9
Answers to Multiple Choice Questions

1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (A) 4. (C)

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C
5. (B) 6. (C) 7. (A) 8. (C)
9. (D) 10. (B) 11. (C) 12. (A)
13. (D) 14. (C) 15. (D) 16. (B)
E

17. (D) 18. (C) 19. (C) 20. (D)

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M
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 Std. XI : Perfect Maths - I

TOPIC TEST Total : 25 Marks

Section A (1 × 5 = 5 Marks) 9. If the origin is shifted to the point (2, 1), axes
remaining parallel, Find the new equation of
Choose the correct alternative.
the locus of the equation x2  y2 + 4x + 2y = 0.

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1. If distance of point P from X-axis equal 5 times
its distance from Y-axis, then the locus of point Section C (3 × 2 = 6 Marks)

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P is
1 10. A(3, –4) and B(5, 4) are two vertices of a
(A) y=± x (B) y = ± 5x triangle. Find the equation of the locus of the
5
third vertex C, if the centroid of the triangle

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5 lies on the locus 6x  4y + 9 = 0.
(C) y=± x (D) y = ± 10x
2

2. Which of the following point lie on the locus 11. A(2, 0) and B(2, 0) are two given points, Find
whose equation is 2x2 + 2y2  3x + 13y + 9 = 0? the equation of locus of point P, such that
APB is a right angle.
(A) (0, 0) (B) (2, 3)

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(C) (3, 2) (D) (0, 1)
Section D (4 × 2 = 8 Marks)
3. If the point (8, 6) lies on the locus
x2 y2

16 9
(A) 0
 k , then the value of k is

(B) 1
O 12. By shifting the origin to a suitable point
O(h, k) axes remaining parallel, reduce the
equation 4x2 + 9y2 + 16x  18y + 24 = 0 to the
C
(C) 7 (D) 8 X2 Y2
form 2  2  1 (a > 0, b > 0). Find O(h, k)
a b
4. If the origin is shifted to the point (1, 1), the
axes remaining parallel, then the new and the values of a and b.
co-ordinates of the point (3, 4) is
13. Find the locus of a point which moves such
E

(A) (4, 5) (B) (2, –3) that the sum of its distances from (4, 0) and
(C) (3, 2) (D) (5, 4) (4, 0) is less than 16.
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5. Locus of a point whose ordinate exceeds six

times its abscissa by two is
(A) y = 6x + 2 (B) 2y = 6x
(C) y = 6x  2 (D) 2x = 6y
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Section B (2 × 3 = 6 Marks)

Attempt any three of the following:

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6. Find the equation of locus of point P, if the

points A(–2, 3), B(–3, 4) are at equal distance
from P.

7. Show that the point P(a sec, b tan) lie on the

x2 y 2
locus given by the equation 2  2  1 .
a b

8. Find the value of ‘a’ and ‘b’, if the points

(3, 2), (4, 5) lie on the locus ax + by = 1.
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SA
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PL
E
C
O
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