2010 Third International Conference on Information and Computing

Modeling and Simulation of Three-phase Rectifier Based on SVPWM

Shutuan Zhang, Kai Zhang, Zhongshan Jiang and Fang Lu

Department of Control Engineering

Naval Aeronautical and Astronautical University
Yantai, Shandong Province 264001, China
shutuanzhang@163.com

Abstract -The mathematical and simulation model of three- Paper [3] establishes the mathematical model with
phase voltage source rectifier (VSR) used in aircraft is switching function. Paper [4]-[5] introduce the current control
introduced in this paper. Based on the model, the principle of the strategies for voltage source converter. This paper presents a
seven-segment space vector pulse-with modulation (SVPWM) traditional seven-segment SVPWM control scheme for three
control strategy is presented. The double closed-loop control phase rectifier. The indirect current control such as phase-
method is applied in the PWM rectifier. The rectifier can realize amplitude control scheme has a simple structure and easy to
unity power factor by adopting the fixed switching frequency design control system [6]-[7]. But, the dynamic response and
SVPWM current control method to realize that the current the control accuracy are not very satisfied, while the direct
signal track voltage. The simulation results show that the
current control scheme resolved those disadvantages.
mathematical model is accurate, and the SVPWM current
Therefore, the control scheme of the three-phase rectifier adopt
control method can administer to improve the dynamic
performance of three-phase rectifier obviously. fixed switching frequency direct-current control SVPWM
scheme in order to reduce harmonic content and switching loss.
Index Terms - SVPWM, direct current control, simulation. At three-phase high power factor rectifier circuit design, the
voltage and current double closed-loop control is being adopted
in order to acquire the stability of output and the unity power
I. INTRODUCTION factor of input current.
With the development of power electronics technologies,
more and more advanced aircraft equipment were applied. In II. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
those equipments, some of them need DC power supply, such The circuit diagram of three-phase voltage PWM rectifier
as the control and the protection device, the DC motor and so is shown in Figure.1. The circuit of three phase rectifier is
on. To use AC power as the main power supply system, the mainly made up of inductance of AC side filter reactor, DC
transformer rectifiers are used in the aircraft in order to
side capacitor, switch and diode. Where ea , eb and ec are the
transform the 115V/400H three-phase AC power into 28V DC
power. Unfortunately, the traditional rectifiers adopt capacitor phase voltage of AC power source, ia , ib and ic are AC input
to filter harmonics, which cause several problems at the AC
power’s input sides, including low input power factor, high currents, Rs is AC side resistance, Ls is the inductance of AC
harmonic distortion of AC current and harmonic pollution on side filter reactor, and RL is the DC side load. Each power
the grid. The application of traditional rectifier and nonlinear
loads will impact on the aircraft power supply system and the switching device consists of an MOSFET connected in series
power supply quality. with an ultra-fast recovery diode. It is assumed that the source
The research of three phase voltage source PWM rectifier is is balanced, and the switch loss is ignored in order to predigest
becoming the focus all over the world because it has the circuit analysis.
characteristic such as steady output voltage, bidirectional
power flow, fast response, unity power factor and so on. Many
control techniques have been adopted for the rectifier device in
order to improve the AC power input power factor and reform
the input current shape. The pulse-with modulation techniques
include sinusoidal pulse-with modulation (SPWM), space
vector pulse-with modulation (SVPWM), delta modulation
techniques. According to the traditional SPWM, the Space
Vector Pulse Width Modulation not only has the characteristic
of high utilization rate of DC supply voltage and fast dynamic
response, but also easy to realize the digitization. The Figure.1 The circuit diagram of three-phase voltage PWM rectifier
experimental results show that the SVPWM technique is the The mathematical model of three-phase VSR PWM
best modulation solution on the whole [1]-[2], and the rectifier is as following:
implementation of three-phase high power factor PWM
rectifier based on SVPWM is more complex than SPWM, but
it has the excellence of fast dynamic response.

978-0-7695-4047-4/10 $26.00 © 2010 IEEE 319

318
DOI 10.1109/ICIC.2010.266
 ⎧ di V ∗ lies in sector Ⅲ, other sector's condition may analogize in
⎪ L a + Ria = ea − (vdc sa + v N 0 ) t u r n .
⎪ dt For a three-phase PWM rectifier with six switch devices,
⎪ dib there are eight switch states for the three phase bridges. The
⎪L + Rib = eb − (vdc sb + v N 0 ) switch modes include V 0 (000),V 1 (100),V 2 (110),V 3 (010),
⎪ dt V4(011),V5(001),V6(101) and V7(111) vectors, among which
⎪ dic (1) V1 to V6 are nonzero vectors, V0 and V7 are two zero vectors.
⎨L + Ric = ec − (vdc sc + v N 0 )
⎪ dt
All the vectors are shown in Figure.3.
Im
⎪ dvdc vdc − eL
⎪C dt = ia sa + ia sb + ia sc − R V3(010) V2(110)
⎪ L

⎪ vdc
⎪v N 0 = − 3 ∑ si
Ⅱ
T1
V1
⎩ i = a ,b ,c
Ⅲ 2Ts
Where Si ( i = a, b, c ) is the switching function. The T2
V*
V2 V1(100)
V0(000) θ 2Ts Ⅰ
control signals of three-phase VSR above and lower bridge is V4(011)
V7(111) T1
V1 Re
different at the same time. When Si = 1 ( i = a, b, c ), the 2Ts
Ⅳ Ⅵ
above bridge arm is “ON”, while the lower bridge arm is
Ⅴ
“O FF”. So, t he s wit chi n g functio n Si is d e fined :
⎧1 The above bridge arm is "ON"， V5(001) V6(101)
⎪ the lower bridge arm is "OFF"
⎪
Si = ⎨ ( i = a, b, c ) (2) Figure.3 Diagram of space vectors of three-phase voltage rectifier
⎪0 The above bridge arm is "OFF"， ∗
At any sector, the voltage vector V can made up of the
⎪⎩ the lower bridge arm is "ON" sector’s nonzero vectors and zero vectors. The seven-segment
SVPWM waveform is composed of three zero voltage vectors
Ⅲ. SEVEN-SEGMENT SVPWM CONTROL SCHEME and four adjacent nonzero voltage vectors, and the three zero
vectors lie in the reference vector’s start, middle and the end.
∗
For example, supposing the voltage vector V in sector I as
∗
shown in Fig.3, the reference voltage vector V is made up of
the vectors V1, V2 and V1, beside zero vectors. The power
switch devices of three-phase PWM voltage rectifier will
switch six times at one PWM cycle.
In order to reduce switching loss, one switch device is
changed when the voltage vector from a sector to the next
sector. By this way, the switch times can be reduced, and the
best sequence of switching device is shown in table I.

TABLE I
THE BEST SWITCHING SEQUENCE
Figure.2 The voltage interval division of seven-segment SVPWM control Sector Vector angle Switching sequence
scheme
Ⅰ ( 0 ≤ θ < π 3) V0,V1,V2,V7,V2,V1,V0
The chart of voltage interval division of seven-segment
SVPWM control scheme is shown in Figure.2. The three- Ⅱ (π 3 ≤ θ < 2π 3) V0,V3,V2,V7,V2,V3,V0

phase sinusoidal input voltage is divided every 60°, that is to Ⅲ ( 2π 3 ≤ θ < π ) V0,V3,V4,V7,V4,V3,V0
say, a PWM cycle is divided six intervals. Thus, only one
phase current change its direction in one PWM cycle at any Ⅳ (π ≤ θ < 4π 3) V0,V5,V4,V7,V4,V5,V0
∗
sectors. The sector of space vector V can be determined Ⅴ ( 4π 3 ≤ θ < 5π 3) V0,V5,V6,V7,V6,V5,V0

according to the relationship of three-phase voltages Ⅵ ( 5π 3 ≤ θ < 2π ) V0,V1,V6,V7,V6,V1, V0

( ua , ub and uc ). This method is very beneficial to judge the
V ∗ . For example, if we know
sector position of voltage vector
the voltage relationship, ub > uc > ua , then the space vector
Ⅳ. SVPWM CONTROL SCHEME SIMULATION
The SVPWM control algorithm mainly includes the
voltage vector sector distribution, the selection of vector
synthesis sequence and the SVPWM control algorithm. If we
know the location of the reference voltage vector, which can

319
320
be synthesized by the two adjacent voltage vectors and zero Ts = T0 + T1 + T2 + T7 is a PWM switching cycle.
vector.
According to above equation, the vector duration can be
A. Sector Determination
acquired.
The sector of reference voltage vector usually judged by
voltages Vα and Vβ . Now, we suppose the reference voltage
⎧ 3 3 T
⎪T1 = ( Vα − Vβ ) s
vector in sector I. According to the geometry relationship of ⎪ 2 2 Vdc
vector chart, we can find the condition that the voltage vector ⎪⎪ Ts
V ∗ lies in sector I is shown as following: Vβ > 0 and ⎨T2 = 3Vβ (6)
⎪ Vdc
3Vα > Vβ . The other sector is similar. So, if we know the ⎪T0,7 = Ts − T1 − T2
⎪
relation of the voltages Vα and Vβ , we can easy to judge the ⎪⎩
sector where the voltage vector located in. If T1 + T2 > Ts , then
Define the equations:
Va = Vβ , Vb = 3Vα − Vβ , Vc = − 3Vα − Vβ . (3) ⎧ T1Ts
⎪T1 = T + T
Suppose A,B,C ⎪ 1 2
⎨ (7)
If Va > 0 , then A=1, else A=0,
⎪T = T2Ts
If Vb > 0 , then B=1, else B=0, ⎪⎩ 2 T1 + T2
If Vc > 0 , then C=1, else C=0. The simulation model of the vector duration T1,T2 is
shown in Figure.5.
Then the number N can be obtained,
N = A + 2 B + 4C (4)
∗
The sector in which the voltage vector V lie is different
from the number N, and the relationship of them is shown in
table II. The simulation model of sector section is shown in
Figure.4.

TABLE
THE RELATIONSHIP OF SECTOR AND N
N 1 2 3 4 5 6

Sector Ⅱ Ⅵ Ⅰ Ⅳ Ⅲ Ⅴ
Figure.5 The simulation model of the vector duration T1,T2

Ⅴ. SIMULATION RESULTS
According to the analysis above, the simulation model of
the whole system is built based on Matlab/Simulink. The main
parameters simulated circuit are set as following: Input
voltage is 115V/400Hz three-phase ideal AC voltage source,
the inductance of AC side filter reactor (Ls) is 2.4mH, the AC
side resistance (Rs) is 0.04Ω, the DC side output capacitor
（C）is 2200μF, the DC voltage is set to 300V, the DC side
resistance (RL) is 16Ω, and the switching frequency is 10K.
The system simulation model of three-phase rectifier is
Figure.4 Simulation model of sector section shown in Figure.6. The waveforms of A phase input voltage
B. The Vector Duration T1,T2 and current is shown in Figure.7. The waveform of DC output
The reference vector can be expressed by voltage is shown in Figure.8. The harmonic spectra of A phase
T0 T T T input current is shown in Figure.9.
V∗ = V0 + 1 V1 + 2 V2 + 7 V7
Ts Ts Ts Ts
T T
= 1 V1 + 2 V2 (5)
Ts Ts
Where, T0 , T1 , T2 and T7 are switching periods of
voltage vectors V0 , V1 , V2 and V7 ,

320
321
 The simulation results show that the phase of A phase
input current is identical with A phase voltage, and the total
harmonic distortion (THD) of A phase input current is 7.64%
within the range of GJB181A, the output DC side voltage
becomes steady quickly. It is obvious that the rectifier can
acquire the high power factor, constant dc voltage output, and
reach to the requirement of design.
REFERENCES
[1] Ian Wallace, Ashish Bendre, Jonathan P. Nord and Giri Venkataramanan,
“A unity-power-factor three-phase PWM SCR rectifier for high-power
application in the metal industry,” IEEE Transactions on Industry
Applications, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 898-908, July/August 2002.
[2] Poh Chiang Loh and Donald Grahame Holmes, “A variable band
universal flux/charge modulator for VSI and CSI modulation,” IEEE
Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp.695-705,
Figure.6 The system simulation model of three-phase rectifier
-200
May/June 2002.
Voltage Current
[3] A. W. Green, J. T. Boys, and J. F. Gates, 3-phase voltage sourced
reversible rectifier, IEEE PROCEEDINGS, Vol. 135, Pt. B, No. 6, Nov.
1988.
-100
[4] M. P. Kazmierkowski, and L. Malesani, Current Control Techniques for
Three-Phase Voltage-Source PWM Converters: A Survey, IEEE
TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY ELECTRONICS, Vol. 45, No. 5,
Current (A)

Oct. 1998.
[5] R. Wu, S. B. Dewan, and G. R. Slemon, A PWM AC-to-DC Converter
0
with Fixed Switching Frequency, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
Voltage (V)

INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, Vol.26, No.5, September/October 1990.

[6] Wang Ying, ZHANG Chun-jiang and CHEN Hui-ming, “A new phase
and amplitude control strategy and mathematics model of three-phase
100
voltage rectifier,” Proceeding of the CSEE, Vol. 23, No.11, pp.22-27,
Nov. 2003.
[7] Wang Xu, Huang Kaizheng, Yan Shijie, Xu Bin, “Simulation of Three-
phase Voltage Source PWM Rectifier Based on the space Vector
200
0.18 0.19 0.2 0.21 0.22 Modulation ,” Chinese Control and Decision Conference, 2008, pp.1881-
Time (s) 1884.
Figure.7 The waveform of A phase input voltage and current
350

300

250

200
Voltage (V)

150

100

50

0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
Time (s)

Figure.8 The waveform of DC output voltage

Figure.9 The harmonic spectra of A phase input current

321
322