UNIVERSAL EDUCATION

QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE

AVERAGE

It is approximately the central ( mean ) value of a given set of values.

total no. of data
Average = no.of data

1) Find average of 10, 12, 4, 5, 20, 24

Solution:
sum of data 10+12+4+5+20+24 75
Average = = = = 12. 5
no.of data 6 6

2) Find the average of 1st 100 odd numbers.

Solution:

sum of data 1+3+5+ …………+199 1002

Average = = = = 100{ Sum of 1st n odd no. = 𝑛2 }
no.of data 100 100

3) Find the average of 1st 10 natural numbers

Solution:
sum of data 1+2+ 3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10
Average = =
no.of data 100

We have learnt in number system

n(n+1)
Sum of 1st n natural numbers is given by 2

10(10+1)
Therefore 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 = = 55
2

Rule: Age of new person = new average + number of old persons (increase in average)
 4) The average age of 30 boys of a class is 14 years. When the age of the class teacher is also included the
average age increases to 15 years. Find the age of class teacher.

Solution:

The average age of 30 boys of a class is 14 years

sum of ages of all 30 boys
Average = no.of boys

sum of ages of all 30 boys

14 = 30

Therefore sum of ages of 30 boys is 14 × 30 = 420 (1)

Now when the age of the class teacher is also included average increases to 15
sum of ages of all 30 boys+age of class teacher
New Average = no.of boys+1 class teacher

420+age of class teacher

15 = { from equation (1)}
31

On solving we get

Age of the class teacher = 45 years

OR

We can use the above rule directly

Age of new person = new average + number of old persons ( increase in average )

Age of new person = 15 + 30 ( 1) {increase in average is calculated as 15-14 }

= 45

5) The average age of a class of 30 students and a teacher reduces by 0.5 years if we exclude the teacher. If
the initial average is 14 years. Find the age of class teacher.

Solution:

No. of students = 30

Avg. Age of ( students + teacher) = 14 years

Where teacher’s age is excluded avg. Age became = 14 – 0.5 = 13.5 years
sum of teachers′ age and students′ age
14 = 31

x = 14 × 31
sum of students′ age
13.5 = 30
 Sum of students’ age = 13.5 × 30

Age of teacher = 14 × 31 - 13.5 × 30

= 434 – 405

= 29 years.

OR “shortcut”

Age of new person = new avg. + no. of old person ( change in average )

= 14 + 30 (0.5)

= 29 years.

6) The average marks obtained in a class is 39 and the total students is 20. When the marks of another boy
from a different class are also included the average marks increases to 40. Find the marks obtained by that
boy.

Solution:

We can use the above rule directly

Age of new person = new average + number of old persons (increase in average )

Marks of new person = 40 + 20 ( 1)

= 60

Rule: Weight of new person = weight of removed person+ number of persons ( increase in average )

7) The average weight of 4 men is increased by 3 kg when one of them whose weight is 120 kg is replaced by
another man. What is the weight of new man?

Solution:

Let the initial average be x kg

total no. of data
Average = no.of data

a+b+c+120
x= { a,b,c are the weights of 3 men and x is the average weight when man of 120kg
4
weight was present}
 a + b + c = 4x – 120 (1)

Now, man of 120 kg weight is replaced by another person and we have to find this person’s weight and
new average is x+3
total no. of data
Average = no.of data

a+b+c+d
x+3= {no of persons remains same since person is not included but is replacing
4
already existing person }

Now substituting value of a+ b + c from eq (1)

4x−120+d
x+3= 4

On solving we will get

d= 132kg

That is weight of new person is 132 kg

OR

We can use the above rule directly

Weight of new person = weight of removed person+ number of persons ( increase in average )

Weight of new person = 120 + 4 (3)

= 132 kg

8) The average weight of 10 buffaloes is increased by 5 kg when one of the buffalo which weighs 180 kg is
replaced by another buffalo. What is the weight of new buffalo?

Solution:

We can use the above rule directly

Weight of new person = weight of removed person+ number of persons ( increase in average )

Weight of new buffalo = 180 + 10 (5)

= 230 kg

Total candidates (Total average−failed average)

No. of passed candidates = (passed average−failed average)

Total candidates (Passed average−Total average)

No. of failed candidates = (passed average−failed average)
 9) The average marks obtained by 120 students in an examination is 35. If the average marks of passed
candidates is 39 and that of failed candidates is 15. What is the number of candidates passed.

Solution:

Total number of students = 120

We can write total students as passed students + failed students

Also sum of the marks of all 120 students can be written as sum of marks obtained by passed students +marks
obtained by failed students

Therefore,
total no. of data
Average =
no.of data

sum of the marks of all 120 students

35 = total no.of students

sum of Marks of passed candidates+sum of Marks of passed candidates

35 = (1)
total no.of students

Another information is given in the question. Average marks of passed students is 39

total no. of data
Average = no.of data

sum of Marks of passed candidates

39 = {Let the number of passed students be x}
x

Average marks of passed students is 15

sum of Marks of failed candidates
15 = 120−x

{Passed students = x total students =120 then failed students = 120-x}

Using these equations, equation (1) becomes

39x +15(120−x)
35 = 120

On solving we get

X = 100

No of passed candidates is 100

OR

we can use the rule directly

 Total candidates (Total average−failed average)
No. of passed candidates = (passed average−failed average)

120( 35 – 15)
= = 100
( 39−15 )

10) A class is comprising of 60 candidates whose average marks is 54. The class is divided into two sections
,passed and failed. How many number of students passed and failed if we know the average marks of
passed candidates and failed candidates is 58 and 28 respectively.

Solution:

WE can use the rule directly

Total candidates (Total average−failed average)
No. of passed candidates =
(passed average−failed average)

60(54−28)
= = 52
(58−28)

Total candidates (Passed average−Total average)

No. of failed candidates = (passed average−failed average)

We can use this rule to find the number of failed students or we can find it as total students – passed students = 60
– 52 = 8

11) The average marks obtained by 100 students in an examination is 34. If the average marks of passed
candidates is 40 and that of failed candidates is 20. What is the number of candidates failed.

Solution:

we can use the rule directly

Total candidates (Total average−failed average)
No. of passed candidates = (passed average−failed average)

100( 34 – 20)
= = 70
( 40−20 )

No of failed candidates = 100 – 70 = 30

12) The avg. of 9 numbers is 30.the avg. Of first 5 numbers is 25 and that of last 3 numbers is 35. What is the
6th number?

Solution:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Avg. Of all 9 numbers = 30

Sum of all 9 numbers = 30 × 9 = 270

 Avg. Of last 3 numbers = 35

Sum of last 3 numbers = 35 × 3 = 105

Avg. Of last 1st 5 numbers = 25

Sum of 1st 5 numbers = 25 × 5 = 125

Sum of all 9 numbers = sum of 1st 5 + 6th + sum of last 3

270 = 125 + x +105

270 – 230 = x

 x = 40 [ 6th number is 40]


13) The average of 11 results is 50.If the average of 1st 6 results is 49 and that of the last 6 results is 52. Find
the sixth result.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Sum = 49 × 6

Sum = 11 × 50

Solution: Avg. Of all 11 results= 50

total no. of data
Sum of all 11 results = 11 × 50 = 550 { by formula Average = }
no.of data

Avg. Of last 6 results = 52

Sum of last 6 results = 52 × 6 = 312

Avg. Of 1st 6 results = 49

Sum of 1st 6 results = 49 × 6 = 294

From the above figure we see that when we are adding 1st 6 results sum and last 6 results sum 6th result is
added twice. So if we subtract the actual sum i.e.550 from this sum having extra 6th result we will get the 6th
result

6th result = (312 + 294) – 550

= 606 – 550 = 56
 Required score = total innings × raised average –present innings × present average

14) A cricketer has completed 10 innings and his average score is 21.5 runs. How many runs must he score in
his next innings so as to increase his average to 24?

Solution:

Till date no. of innings played = 10

Average score of 10 innings = 21.5

total no. of data
Average = no.of data

total runs scored in 10 innings

21.5 = 10

Total runs = 215

Now increased average after 11th inning is 24

total no. of data
Average = no.of data

total runs scored in 10 innings+runs scored in 11th inning

24 =
total no.of innings

215+x
24 = 11

X = 254 – 215 =39 runs scored in 11th inning

OR

We can use the rule directly

Required score = total innings × raised average –present innings × present average

= 11 × 24 – 10 × 21.5

= 39

15) A batsman has average score of 45 after completing his 17 innings if he wants to increase his average score
by 5 more runs, how much runs he need to make in his next inning?

Solution:

We can use the rule directly

Required score = total innings × raised average –present innings × present average

= 18 × 50 – 17 × 45
 = 135

16) A cricketer has certain average for 10 innings . In the 11th inning he scored 108 runs thereby increasing his
average by 6 runs. Find his new average.

Solution:

We can use the rule directly

Required score = total innings × raised average –present innings × present average

108 = 11 × ( x +6 ) – 10 × (x)

X =42

So the new average is (x + 6) = 42 + 6 = 48 runs

Note: All the questions can be solved just by using the formula of average.

Few Questions from Placement Papers

17) The average wage of 500 workers was found to be Rs. 200. Later on it was discovered that the wages of
two workers were misread as 180 and 20 instead of 80 and 220. Find the correct avg. wage.

Solution:

Avg. wage of 500 workers = Rs. 200

Sum of the wages of 500 workers = 500 × 200 = Rs. 100000

This sum includes 2 wages 180 and 20 which is incorrect. So remove them.

100000 – 180 – 20 = 99800

Now the actual wage values are 80 and 220, include these wages

99800 + 80 + 220 = 100100

100100
 Correct average = = Rs. 200.20
500

OR
500 × 200 – ( 180 + 20 )
 Avg. = + ( 80 + 220 )
500

= Rs. 200.20

18) Seven friends agree to divide their dinner bill in a restaurant. Six of them share the bill while the 7th
decides to pay a 15% tip. If the person paying the tip spends 15% less than each of his friends. Find the
total bill.

Solution:
 let the total bill be Rs. x.

The bill is divided among 6 friends so each have to pay Rs. x⁄6.

7th person pays 15% of bill as tip.

Tip = 0.15x

Now according to the question tip given is 15% less than what others are paying.
x 15
 - 0.15x = 100
6
 x = Rs. 9
19) The average marks obtained by Sunil in 4 test papers of maths were 38 out of 50. In subsequent 3 test
papers of maths he scored average marks 45 out of 50. What is the average in all the 7 test papers.

Solution:
total no. of data
Average of 4 test papers = 38 out of 50 (by formula Average = no.of data

Sum of marks of all 4 test papers = 38 × 4

Average of 3 test papers = 45 out of 50

Sum of marks of 3 test papers = 45 × 3

sum of marks of all 7 papers
 Avg. of all 7 test papers = 7

38 ×4+45 ×3
= = 41
7

20) The average age of a class is 15.8 years the avg. age of the boys in the class is 16.4 years and that of the
girls is 15.4 years. What is the ratio of boys to girls in the class.

Solution:

Let the total no. of boys be x.

& the total no. of girls be y.

Avg. age of the class = 15.8 years

sum of ages of boys + sum of ages of girls
15.8 = (1)
x+y

Since the avg. age of the boys in the class is 16.4 years and that of the girls is 15.4 years

Therefore sum of ages of girls = 15.4y

And sum of ages of boys = 16.4x

Eq (1) becomes
 15.8 ( x + y ) = 16.4x + 15.4y

On solving we get

15.8x +15.8y = 16.4x + 15.4y

15.8y – 15.4y = 16.4x – 15.8x

0.4y = 0.6x
x 0.4 2
 = 0.6 = 3 = 2 : 3
y

21) A man’s average expenditure for the 1st 4 months of the year was Rs. 251.25, for the next 5 months the
average monthly expenditure was Rs. 26.27 more than what it was during the 1st 4 months. If the person
spent Rs. 760 in all during the remaining 3 months of the year, find what percentage of his annual income
of Rs. 3000 he saved in the year.

Solution:

Avg. expenditure for 1st 4 months = Rs. 251.25

Total expenditure in 4 months = Rs. 251.25 × 4

Average expenditure for next 5 months = Rs. 26.27 + Rs. 251.25 = Rs. 277.52

Total expenditure in 5 months = Rs. 277.52 × 5

Expenditure in last 3 months = Rs 760

Over all expenditure = Rs. 251.25 × 4 + Rs. 277.52 × 5 + Rs. 760

= 1005 + 1387.60 + 760

= Rs. 3152.60

Total income = Rs. 3000

Extra expenditure = Rs. 3152.60 – Rs.3000 = Rs. 152.60

Convert 152.6 into % of 3000

152.6
× 100 = 5.0866 %
3000

As we can see he spends more than his income.

So his savings is -5.0866%.

 22) A man had seven children when their average age was 12 years a child aged 6 years died. The average age
of remaining 6 children is?

Solution:
sum of age of 6 children + age of child who died
Avg. age of 7 children = 7

x+6
12 = 7

x = 84 – 6 = 78
78
Avg. of 6 children = = 13 years.
6

23) The average of x, y and z is 45. x is as much more than the average as y is less than the average. Find the
value of z.

Solution:
x+y+z
Average = 45 = 3

x + y + z = 135 ( 1)

According to the question,

x – 45 = 45 – y

 x + y = 90

putting x + y = 90 in eqn ( 1 )

90 + z = 135

therefore z = 45

24) The mean temperature of Monday to Wednesday was 27˚ c and of Tuesday to Thursday was 24˚c if the
temperature of Thursday was 𝟐⁄𝟑 𝐫𝐝 of the temperature on Monday, what was the temperature on
Thursday?

Solution:

According to the question

𝑚𝑜𝑛+𝑡𝑢𝑒𝑠+𝑤𝑒𝑑
Monday + Tuesday + Wednesday= 27 × 3 --------- ( i ) {since avg = 27 = 3
}

Tuesday + Wednesday + Thursday = 24 × 3--------- ( ii )

subtracting eqn . ( i ) and ( ii ) .....

mon – thurs = 9 --------- ( iii )

also, it is given
2
thurs = 3 mon.

Putting this in eqn . ( iii ) ....... SHORTCUT: solve by options

3
Thurs – Thurs = 9
2

3 Thurs – 2 Thurs = 18

Temperature on Thursday = 18˚c.