ENERGY

Food is digested, the complex nutrients i.e., carbohydrates, fats, protein are
broken down into monosaccharides, fatty acids & glycerol, & amino acids,
respectively. These simple forms are absorbed into the blood stream & supplied
to the millions of cells in the body to be oxidized by series of complex steps to
released energy.

Human being needs energy for the following:

 Basal metabolism
 Metabolic responses to food – thermo genesis / SDA
 Physical activities
 Growth
 For mothers in special conditions (pregnancy & lactation)

TEE = BMR (45 – 75percent) + Thermo genesis (10 percent) +

Physical activities (15 – 50 percent)

Factors affecting the BMR

BMR is the largest component of the daily energy demand representing 45 – 70

percent of daily total energy expenditure. It is highly variable & the cause of this
variation include factors such as

 body size & composition ,

 age,
 gender,
 environmental condition,
 hormonal status,
 fever/illness/infection / injury,
 specific body conditions of mothers(pregnancy & lactation),
 other factors etc
Thermal effect of food (SDA)

Thermal effect of food (TEF) determined primarily by the amount of composition

of food consumed .For example, is greater after consumption of carbohydrate &
protein than after fat. It varies from 5-10 percent for carbohydrates, 0-5 percent
for Fat, & 20 -30 percent for protein.

Physical Activity

Sedentary workers –persons taking, reading, watching TV, listening Radio, doing
computer works specially sitting activities (teachers, office workers).

Moderate workers – with some activities servants, house cleaners, rural womans,
students etc.

Heavy workers – Labour class.

Energy requirement

The amount of food needed to ensure good health will vary from one individual to
another. All people do not requires the same amount of nutrients.Requirment
vary depending upon age, gender, body size, activities, state of health etc.ICMR
has prepared Recommended Dietary Allowances(RDA) for Indians.

Energy balance: Energy out put – Energy input

Energy balance is a condition in which the energy provided by food is nearly equal
to energy expenditure by the body resulting in a steady body weight.

Over weight & under weight both are the abnormalities

Both measured by BMI (body Mass Index)

BMI = Weight in kilograms / height in meters squires

W/H squires