Mission: American Institute For Goat Research

4/26/2017
Langston University Langston University

E (Kika) de la Garza Mission
American Institute for Goat Research • Develop and transfer enhanced goat
production technologies
–Local, regional, national, and international levels
–Research, extension, and international activities
Langston University
Langston, Oklahoma

Personnel Central Laboratory
• 7 permanent faculty • Conducts wide variety of analyses
• Veterinarian from OSU –Routine and novel
• Visiting Scholars –Tissue, blood, fiber, feed, digesta, other
• Laboratory and farm staff • Modern, automated equipment

Research Farm Research Facilities
• Over 130 ha (320 acres) of fenced land (+
80 acres) • Calan gate feeders/FIRE feeders
• Boer, Spanish, Alpine, Angora, Stiff-leg • Indirect, open-circuit calorimetry chambers
• Computerized milking parlor • Dairy barn, meat goat barn (+ new facility)
• Dairy product creamery • Pen and pasture capabilities
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4/26/2017

New Facility New Facility
7 8

Research
Much of the research is associated with
competitive grants funded by various programs
of the USDA as well cooperative development
organizations between the US and other
countries, in addition to Evans-Allen support.

NIFA Project (Evans-Allen) Extramural funding for research
Currently 1 umbrella (since 1997)
Factors influencing goat production and • USDA 1890 Institution Capacity Building - 24
products in the south-central U.S. • USDA NRI
o 1 Equipment
o 1 Seed
• USDA SARE - 1
• USDA IFAFS - 1
• US - Israel BARD – 1
• USDA ISE CGP - 1
• US-Egypt JSTFP - 3
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• USAID
o 4 Ethiopia projects
Feeding and Nutrition
o 10 visiting faculty conducting research
• Foreign scholarships/grants
o Faculty sabbaticals – 3 + 1
 Greece, Argentina, China
o Graduate students - 4
 South Africa, Canada, Brazil

USDA NIFA Capacity (98-03) USDA NIFA ISECGP (05-09)
Nutrient Requirements of Goats: International Collaboration in Goat Research and
An Update and Reevaluation Production Web-Based Decision Support Aids
•A database of treatment mean observations was developed. •The web-based goat nutrient requirement calculation system
•Special issue of Small Ruminant Research, with 10 articles and goat production system simulation model were translated
into different languages (Arabic, Chinese, French, and
•Energy and protein requirements determined were Spanish) and installed on servers in different parts of the
subsequently recommended by the US NRC (2007) committee. world for international usage and increased collaboration.
Ivory Jordan
Coast China
Mexico
Rwanda

The Professional Animal Scientist. 2014. 30:192–214 USDA NIFA Capacity (00-04)
Use of a web-based nutrient requirement calculation system Energy for the Productive Caprine
to assess potential influences of various factors on nutrient
needs of goats while grazing
•Efficiencies of use of energy for maintenance,
A. L. Goetsch, and T. A. Gipson
growth, lactation, mohair fiber growth, and pregnancy
were determined in 8 studies.
Journal of Applied Animal Research. 2017. 45:470-479 •Different diets, breeds, stages of production, etc.
Evaluation of a method to predict negative feedstuff •Calorimetry system for heat energy and heart rate
associative effects in meat goats consuming diets with
different forage sources and levels of concentrate
T. Dolebo, R. Puchala, T. A. Gipson, L. J. Dawson, T. Sahlu,
and A. L. Goetsch
• Manual, certification program, minerals
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USDA NIFA Capacity (03-08) USDA NIFA Capacity (05-10)
The Ability of Goats to Withstand
Nutrient Requirements of Goats:
Harsh Nutritional Environments
Composition of Tissue Gain and Loss
•The composition of tissue being lost or gained by goats is not •Comparisons of sheep with Boer and Spanish goats
necessarily constant throughout feeding periods, which must •Diets very limiting in energy and protein
be considered for most accurate nutrient requirement
•Fairly similar findings for Boer and Spanish goats
recommendations.
•Slightly less nitrogen recycling for sheep
•Sheep were less able to decrease energy use by
peripheral tissues.

U.S. - Egypt Joint Science and U.S. - Egypt Joint Science and
Technology Fund Program (05-08) Technology Fund Program (07-11)
Effects of Acclimatization on Effects of nutritional plane on the maintenance
Energy Requirements of Goats energy requirement of goats
With the non-extreme weather conditions of central •Most appropriate methods of predicting change in the
Oklahoma, neither temperature nor humidity had maintenance requirement during and after periods of limited
feed intake may differ among breeds of goats.
much effect on energy needs of Boer or Spanish
120
goats. 100 Angora Boer Spanish
110
Angora Boer Spanish
95
90
EEMBW%CH, %
100
EEMBW%CH, %
85
80 90
75
80
70
65 70
60
0 2 4 6 8 10 60
Week 10 12 14 Week
16 18 20

Grazing/forage-based diets USDA NIFA Capacity (00-04)
Diet Selection and Performance by Sheep
and Goats Grazing Mixed Pastures
•Growth rate of co-grazing goats and sheep was affected by
stocking rate similarly, and with grass-forb pastures
differences between species in diet selectivity were similar
with various stocking rates.
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USDA NIFA Capacity (14-18)
USDA NIFA Capacity (04-08) •Sustainable control of greenhouse gas emission by
Effects of condensed tannin containing forage ruminant livestock
on methane emission by goats o Tannins (lespedeza), ionophores, MUFA, and PUFA
•Forage condensed tannins markedly decreased methane o Goats and sheep
emission. o Adaptation
•The effect per unit of tannins was greatest at low dietary o USDA ARS Forage Animal Production Research Unit
levels, and effects were immediate with maximal impact on
the first day of feeding.
•Feeding of forages with condensed tannins may offer a
means of increasing energy capture of forage energy as well
as decreasing greenhouse gas emission by ruminants.

USDA NIFA NRI CGP (04-08) 3 Projects
Tethering for Detailed Study of Grazing Ruminants The Grazing Activity Energy Cost of Goats
•Determine if tethered goats can be used as a means to study General objectives:
grazing characteristics of free-moving goats. •Characterize factors that influence energy used in the act of
•Evaluate effects of tethering as a production practice on grazing
intake, selection, digestibility, and energy use •Evaluate current methods of predicting the grazing activity
energy cost and(or) develop more accurate methods of
prediction
•USDA NIFA Capacity (05-10)

•U.S.-Israel BARD (05-09)
•U.S.-Egypt Joint Science and Technology Program (07-10)
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Establishing a Langston University Testing Center
for electric fence modifications of cattle barb Comparison of biological control of red cedar
wire fence for goat containment with goats to conventional methods of control
Integrated - Extension and Research
• 20% of OK grazinglands lost to date
• 6,000 acres of OK rangeland lost each week
• Clipping – expensive, short-lived (small trees)
• Burning – 20 to 70%, risky
• Herbicide – time-consuming and expensive

• Fire, mechanical, herbicide, goats
• Factors influencing consumption such as
Orthomosaics from drone
PSM levels technology
• NIRS for dietary cedar level
• 4 sites (3 in OK and 1 in MO)
Meat production USDA NIFA Capacity (08-12)

Selection of Boer goats for residual feed intake
•Residual feed intake (RFI) is the difference between actual
feed intake and that expected based on weight and average
daily gain (ADG) (negative RFI is desirable).
•Selection for residual feed intake should produce goats that
are more efficient in meat production but will not affect ADG
or mature size.
• This is of interest because excessive mature size and
ADG are not always advantageous depending on the
particular production conditions.
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Establishing a pilot tannery and capability for goat
Genomics of resilience in small ruminants to
leather research at Langston University
climatic stressors
•Quality characteristics of leather made from U.S. goat skins Integrated - Research and Education
as well as utilization of environmentally friendly dehairing and
tanning methods on U.S. goat skins were studied.
•Comparison of Boer and Spanish goats with 2 nutritional
planes.

• Group of hair sheep constructed that should have • Common production system stress factors
genetic differences due breed, ecotype, and individual addressed
• Breeds oLimited feed intake
oDorper oRestricted availability of drinking water
oKatahdin oHigh heat load
oSt. Croix • Phenomics
• Regions oCharacterize differences in resilience among
oMidwest breeds, ecotypes, and individuals
oTexas • Genomics
oSoutheast oGenetic basis of adaptation in sheep to stressors
that may become more important in the future
oNorthwest
39 with climate change 40

Dairy goats Evaluating and modeling extended lactations in goats
•Extended lactations are of interest, such as to maintain a

continual milk supply and with little value of male kids.
•Goats are capable of producing milk outside the traditional
annual production system, with a secondary but smaller peak
in the extended period.
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Impact of subclinical mastitis on quality and
production of goat milk and cheese •Enhancing health and productivity of dairy goats using
•Prevalence of subclinical mastitis in research and smart technology
commercial dairy goat herds is being investigated o Rumination time may be an accurate real-time
and its effects and mechanisms of impact on quality indicator of wellbeing and health status
of milk and cheese are being determined. o Ruminal bolus
o HOBO Pendent G (Onset Computer Corp.)
 3-axis accelerometer
o Video observations and Pendent to develop
equations to predict rumination
o Mastitis detection

Dairy goat experiments
Title Years Support Internal parasitism
Residual feed intake in lactating dairy goats 2014-2015 Evans-Allen
Borlaug
Assisted reproductive technologies in dairy 2014-2015 Evans-Allen
goats Borlaug
Restricted periods of diet access on production 2015-2016 Evans-Allen
by dairy goats in mid- and late lactation Brazil
Restricted periods of diet access on production 2015-2016 Evans-Allen
by dairy goats in early and mid-late lactation Brazil
Effects of initial body condition and diet 2015-2016 Evans-Allen
nutritive value on performance by lactating Brazil
dairy goats
Diet quality and ‘stair-step’ feeding of Alpine 2017 Evans-Allen
doelings for kidding at 1 year

Effects of selected nutritional components on
immunity to Haemonchus in goats Combating anthelmintic resistant parasitic
•Effects of various plant materials, such as garlic, nematodes in the small ruminant industry
rhubarb, and various peppers on immunity to •2017 - 2020
Haemonchus contortus as well as egg hatching and • Effects of various plant extracts
larval motility o Immunity
o Egg hatching
o Larval development and migration
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USDA NIFA Capacity (12-16) • Progress that can be made over a 3-year period in
selection of hair sheep and goats on farms in the
Sustainable sheep and goat production through
Midwest and South-central US
selection for resistance to internal parasites
Integrated - Extension and Research oDorper, Katahdin (2), and St. Croix sheep
• With parasite resistance, need for alternative oBoer, Kiko, and Spanish goats
management practices oFarms in Kansas, Missouri (3), and Arkansas
oSelection for animal resistance
 Promising, general potential for improvement known
 Not well studied on a practical basis
Effects on other traits
Collaborator farms • Female selection on-farm based on FEC and

FAMACHA score
• Male selection primarily based on 2nd Generation
Central Sire Performance Test with artificial
challenge of Haemonchus contortus larvae
oRetained attention to feed intake, ADG, and
efficiency of feed utilization
•Resistance categorization (5-6 males for choice of
3 and typically 25 females / breeding male)
oHigh
oModerate
oLow

Other research areas and interests
• 2 years of breeding
• Progeny testing inclusive of 3 sire tests Supplementation with mimosa
• Other aspects
oData collection for economic analysis
oSNPs
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Brackish and saline drinking water

Extension
Assisted reproductive technologies
Program
Overview
Cooperative Extension Goat Extension Activities
• Connection between researchers at the • AI workshop • Mortality composting

university and farmers/producers in the field • Buck performance test • Website
• Cheesemaking workshop • Extension demonstrations
• Dairy products workshop • Extension publications
• DHI lab • Farm visits
• Hide tanning workshop • FSIS and related projects
• Goat field day • Newsletter
• Internal parasite workshop • Telephone/letter inquiries

AI workshop participants over the
Artificial Insemination Workshop last decade
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
• AI workshops are limited to
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
20 participants due to
hands-on nature of Langston Tahlequah
workshop Antlers K-State
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Buck Performance Test Cheesemaking Workshop

• Meat bucks • Fabrication of soft, semi-hard and hard goat
• Producer/association involvement cheeses
• Gain and feed efficiency
Dairy Products Workshop Value-Added Workshops

• Fabrication of dairy products other than goat • Fabrication of soap for goat’s milk
cheeses
–ice cream
–yogurt

Dairy Herd Improvement
Laboratory
• Component analysis
of fat and protein
• Somatic cell count
• Records processed
and printed
• 199 producer herds
• 32 states
• Very small producer
- average herd size
on test is 10 animals
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Goat Field Day Themes

Year Theme Goat Field Day
2001 General
2002
2003
Creating Your Own Market
Export Potential, Market Outlook, and Value-Added Processing
Field Day participants
2004 Controlling Unwanted Vegetation enjoy a morning of
2005 Quality Assurance: Delivering a Wholesome Product to Market
2006 Organic Goat Production
lectures from goat
2007 Herd Health - Old, New, and Emerging Issues experts.
2008 Innovative and Traditional Goat Marketing
2009 Breeding for the Future in the Dairy and Meat Goat Industries
Globalization/Internationalization of Goat Production
2010 Silver Anniversary: Bridging the Future and the Past
Participants enjoy a
2011 Healthy Goats, Healthy Herds
2012 State of the Goat Industry lunch of goat products.
2013 Enhancing Goat Products
2014 Kidding and Kid Management
2015 Taking Control of Marketing
2016 Keeping Your Goats Healthy
2017 Selection: from Eyeball to Genomics

Controlling Internal Parasites
Goat Field Day
Workshop
• Feed cost #1
–Well researched topic
• Veterinary cost #2
–Predominately internal parasites
• In the morning and afternoon, the youth enjoy age-
appropriate activities. –Not well understood
• In the afternoon, adult participants can attend a –FEC
variety of hands-on workshops. –FAMACHA score

Extension (Grazing)
Hide tanning workshops
Demonstrations
• OK and KS
• Control of undesirable
and noxious plants
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Grazing Demonstrations
Use of Goats for

Sustainable
Vegetation
Management in US
Grazing Lands

Comparison of Biological Control of Red
Cedar with Goats to Conventional
Methods of Control

Orthomosaics from drone Web-based Training and
technology Certification Program
• 23 modules
• Pre- and post-tests
• pdf version of all
modules
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Country Number Certified
United States 349
Canada 13
AB 2
BC 4
MB 3
NS 1
ON 3
BOTSWANA 1
ENGLAND 2
INDIA 1
MALAYSIA 4
MEXICO 2
PAKISTAN 1
SAUDI ARABIA 1
SOUTH AFRICA 1
SURINAME 1
ZIMBABWE 2
Total 378
Production Handbooks Production Handbooks

• 2ndedition of Meat Goat • Dairy Goat Production
Production Handbook Handbook
– Additional chapters added – Covers all aspects of dairy
• Youth version of select goat production
chapters – Youth version of select
chapters
• Spanish translation – Spanish translation
– On-line certification course
unveiled in 2017
Mortality Composting Newsletter

• Regional approach to
• Quarterly
training farmer educators
• Content 100%
• 1890 Capacity Grant
Langston
– Research
– Extension
– International
• 8-pages
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USDA (05-09)
Country Subscribers International Collaboration in Goat Research and
USA 1644 Production Web-Based Decision Support Aids
Canada 15 •The web-based goat nutrient requirement calculation system
Malaysia 5 and the goat production system simulation model were
India 4 translated into different languages (Arabic, Chinese, French,
England 2 and Spanish) and installed on servers in different parts of the
Australia 2 world for international usage and increased collaboration.
Ethiopia 1
Guam 1
Mexico 1
Nigeria 1
Philippines 1
Saudi Arabia 1
eXtension International Activities

• Langston University
was a founding
member of the Goat
Industry Community
• eXtension is an interactive of Practice
learning environment
delivering the best, most
researched knowledge
from the smartest land-
grant university minds
across America.

• Five grants: 1998 – 2005
University Partnerships
o UNCFSP/USAID
1. Hawassa University, Awassa, Ethiopia o HED/USAID
2. Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia o EDDI/HED/USAID
Goals
1. Hawassa and Haramaya capacity building - faculty/staff,
facilities, supplies, etc.
2. Enhance food security – development activity
3. Langston faculty international involvement
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Major activities Development activity
Women’s groups for goat production
Training of Ethiopian staff at LU and in
Ethiopia Resource poor selected
Development project Two females and males for use given in a
revolving fund
Collaborative research

Women agree to repay 2 goats
Multipurpose trees and forage seeds Goat milk used in household
provided Income generation from sale of kids
Over 450 women participants Enhanced food security
Training Other Activities

Surgery training – cannulation,
 13 Ethiopian faculty members to US for training in
research and extension epididymectomy
Herd Health – internal parasites,
general herd health
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Other Activities Computer lab
Seminars on ruminant nutrition, experimental established on
design, manuscript writing and review Hawassa campus
SAS training
Purchase of lab equipment, supplies, and
reagents

Artificial Insemination “The Opportunities and
Challenges of Enhancing
Import of 2,500 straws Boer goat semen Goat Production in East
AI supplies and training Africa”
Hawassa University
Crossbred kids born November 10 to 12, 2000
Over 50 participants
Universities, research
organizations, industry,
non-government, and
governmental agencies

Middle East Regional Cooperation Grant
Multinational Approaches to Enhance Egypt, Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian Authority
Goat Production in the Middle East
2000 – 2008
USAID/Middle East Regional Cooperation
Program
Revitalize and develop Middle Eastern goat
industry
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MERC Activities
 Characterization of chemical quality and
bacteriological status of milk Transfer of enhanced goat
 Training in goat health management production technologies
 Characterization of goat production systems

U.S. / Israel BARD MARD (10-11)
Enhanced Safety and Product Quality from On-Farm
Collaboration with USDA MAP and
Thermization/Pasteurization of Goat Milk in the Mid-East Armenian Academy of Agriculture
Two grants 2001 - 2003
Develop specifications of an inexpensive pasteurization
equipment system suitable for use on small goat farms USDA International Programs
in the Middle East, conduct Training staff from Armenian Academy
preliminary evaluations of the of Agriculture
prototype for possible refinement, Providing technical expertise for dairy
and determine procedures for an goat management, milk and cheese
associated MERC grant proposal production
to be developed.

Collaboration with USDA MAP and Al Sharaka Program for Higher
Armenian Academy of Agriculture Education in Iraq
Issues addressed included: cheese making,
2003 - 2006
milking procedures, nutrition, artificial
insemination and herd health, among others USAID
Collaborative grant with University of
Oklahoma, Oklahoma State University,
and Cameron University
Training component
Establishment of a ruminant nutrition
laboratory
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4/26/2017

Updating and Enhancing the Training for Democratic Peoples
Skills of Iraqi Scientists in Small Republic of Korea
Ruminant Production  2004
 5 Korean and 4 persons from Global Resources
Three-week training course in Egypt
Services, Inc.
Trip to north Sinai  Artificial insemination, milk safety and processing,
herd health, nutrition, and management

Consultation trip to DPRK
Potential for Development of Cow and
 2005 Goat Cheese in China
 Funded by GRS
 2002 - 2004
 Visit GRS dairy, DPRK Goat Research Center
 USDA Foreign Agriculture Service
 Internal parasites, forages, nutrition, management
 Collaborating institutions – Northwest Agriculture
and Forestry University, Jiangxi Agriculture
University, Zhejiang University, China Agriculture
University
 Establishing collaboration
 Training and product development

Ethiopia Sheep and Goat Productivity
Small Ruminant Assessment in Liberia
Improvement Program
USAID-funded 3-week trip in (www.esgpip.org)
July/August, 2006
Assess small ruminant industry, 2005 – 2011
make recommendations USAID Mission in Ethiopia
5 then 6.25 million USD
Activity design
Technical support
Activity management
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ESGPIP (www.esgpip.org)
‘National’ scope – 6 regions
Extension and research activities in the areas of
production and marketing that will result in a
• Tigray sustainable increase in small ruminant productivity
to improve food and economic securities
• Amhara
• Oromia
• SNNPRS
• Somali
• Afar

• Human and institutional capacity building 4 components
• Research • Crossbreeding
• Technology transfer • Production
• Introduction of improved genotypes • Training
• Health

Crossbreeding Health
• Boer goats and Dorper sheep imported • External parasite control for improved skin
• Quarantine facility and Nucleus and BED sites quality (private service providers)
• Artificial insemination with Boer goats • Training for reduced kid mortality
• Distribution and assistance for crossbreeding • Training of Nucleus and BED site staff
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Training Production
• Development agents working with smallholders • On-farm research with useful technologies
• Small ruminant management and marketing such as ammoniation of crop residues
• Handbook • Field days, demonstrations, and workshops
• Technical Bulletins • Distribution of improved forages
• Women groups

Farmer Research Groups
Research topics
- Close proximity, trust, ability to work effectively
•Ammoniation together, conducive cultural conditions
•Urea-molasses blocks
•Tree legumes
•Cactus
•Byproducts (khat, poultry litter, vines)
•Browse
•Carcass shelf-life
•Genotypes – performance, carcass
•Trace minerals

Individual farmers On-station: e.g., Carcass shelf-life trial
Distance between farms within villages 12 feeding treatments, 12 pens (also 6 rest
Animal theft concern treatments)
Origin – Highland vs Lowland
Vitamin E: - & +
Length (subplot)
2 wk
4 wk
6 wk
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4/26/2017

Handbook for Livestock Research on Trilateral Partnership for Food Security
Smallholder Farms in Developing Countries (2012-2014)
• USDA Foreign Agricultural Service • USAID/Africa Bureau/Sustainable Development
o Scientific Cooperation Research Program (SCRP) o USDA FAS administration
• 2012 - 2014
• Enhancing Capacity for Research, Extension,
• Collaborators and workshops
and(or) Teaching Activities with Small Ruminants
o Ethiopia
o Bunda College of Agriculture – Malawi
o India
o Jordan o Egerton University – Kenya
o China
o Mexico
• Additional workshops
o Kenya and Malawi

Bunda College of Agriculture Egerton University
• Primary activity – establishing a ‘Dairy Goats
• Primary activity – establishing/upgrading an animal
Improvement Centre’
science nutrition laboratory and training
o Toggenburg, Saanen, and Alpine males and
• Others
females imported from South Africa
o Training – research methods, artificial
o Saanen and Alpine semen imported from US
insemination, rumen cannulation, health care,
management, etc. o Artificial insemination training
o Imported semen (Boer, Alpine) o Motorcycles and coolers for work in community
o Upgrading of forage production

• Other training
o Goat cheese-making
Training in the Philippines
o Research methods  2014 - ASEAN course for small
ruminant extension personnel
o Health care
 2016 - Philippine extension trainers
o Teaser bucks
 Theory and practical sessions
o Management and record-keeping
o Feeding management
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4/26/2017
Evaluation Visit to Nicaragua Training Activities

• Evaluate goat milk potential at a Baptist Personnel from NGO’s
Mission on northern Nicaragua Foreign scientists
• Provide report on current state and
recommendations for improvement
Training Activities Farmer-to-Farmer Volunteer

Supporting Philippine national dairy goat
project – mastitis control, DHI and selection • Mali – 2009, 2010, 2012, 2016
Training Philippine extension personnel – Artificial insemination
– Basic husbandry training
• Malawi – 2012
– Artificial insemination workshop
• Haiti – 2011
– Reproduction and management
issues
Langston University
goats.langston.edu
goat.langston.edu
23

Mission: American Institute For Goat Research

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Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

• Laboratory and farm staff • Modern, automated equipment

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

• Manual, certification program, minerals

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

•USDA NIFA Capacity (05-10)

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Meat production USDA NIFA Capacity (08-12)

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

•Extended lactations are of interest, such as to maintain a

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Collaborator farms • Female selection on-farm based on FEC and

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Brackish and saline drinking water

Langston University Langston University

Cooperative Extension Goat Extension Activities

• Connection between researchers at the • AI workshop • Mortality composting

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Buck Performance Test Cheesemaking Workshop

Langston University Langston University

Dairy Products Workshop Value-Added Workshops

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Goat Field Day Themes

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Use of Goats for

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

Production Handbooks Production Handbooks

Langston University Langston University

Mortality Composting Newsletter

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University

eXtension International Activities

Langston University Langston University

Langston University Langston University