Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
com
Q1 Rahul observed green coloured long algal filaments in a stagnant pond, which are single layer
aggregation of vertically arranged cells. What sort of strategy can this type of cellular aggregation
adopt for multiplication?
A Fragmentation (vegetative method).
m
Q2 Both the prefixes ( Uni- and Mono- ) have the same meaning i.e. one in number. Does it mean
that uni-sexual and mono-ecious species are the same?
co
A Unisexual is used in reference to the flower (presence of either anther or carpel). Monoecious
is used in reference to the plant (morphologically one plant bearing both the sexes in their
y.
flowers.
Q3 In oogamy, female gamete is large and non-motile but the male gamete is reverse in its
da
properties. Why such type of adjustment is there in higher organisms?
A In oogamy, female gamete being larger and non motile, is an adaptation for having more food
reserves that may be required for the future development. The male gamete has to move to
to
reach the counterpart, so it has the machinery for its reaching and delivering the
es
chromosomes. A lot of cytoplasm will means extra weight also. So both the sex cells have
specialized themselves for their functions.
Q Name organisms that reproduce to produce genetically similar individuals. What is the type of
di
identical.
Q How do gemmules and gemma cup differ from each other?
w
5
A Gemmules are the internal buds found in coelenterates and sponges.
w
A It is water hyacinth which reproduces by vegetative mean i.e. offset mean. It causes floods and
popularly known as `terror of Bengal`.
Q In turkey there is no males found. Why? How is it possible? Give term for such type of
8 reproduction.
A It is parthenogenesis. In turkey diploid egg mother cell directly developed in to a female
zygote.
Q It is found that in organisms like algae, fishes and amphibians gametes are produced in a large
9 number. Suggest a reason to support your answer.
A To enhance the chance of syngamy that occurs externally in water.
Q In algae and fungi zygote would not undergone meiosis immediately, than what is its future?
10
m
A It develops a thick wall i. e. resistant against dessication and damage and undergone resting
before meiosis to pass out the unfavourable conditions.
co
y.
Chapter Name of the Chapter:
da
to
No. 2 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Tinsukia Region
es
Q.2 The plant Yucca and moth cannot complete their life cycle without each other. Why?
tu
A The moth deposits its eggs in locule of ovary and flower, in turn, gets pollinated by the moth.
Q.3 Give the other name of the following : pollen sacs , ovule , pollen grains ,embryo sacs.
.s
nucellus.
w
Q L
. a
5 b
e
l
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
m
co
y.
A da
to
es
di
tu
.s
w
w
m
co
A
y.
da
to
es
di
tu
.s
w
w
A Yes, it is possible that the foetus gets infected. These viruses may diffuse through placenta. It
may cause malformations in the developing embryo.
Q How is the action of LH different in male and female?
A In male, LH is called ICSH (Interstitial cells stimulating hormone) which stimulates the leydig cells
of the testis to secrete testosterone. In females, LH promotes ovulation and controls the
formation of corpus luteum after ovulation.
Q Study the figure given below and answer the question that follow:
a
m
b)Mention the stage of human embryo it follows.
c)Where are the stem cells located in this embryo?
co
d) Which part of this stage of human embryo gets attached to endometrium to establish
pregnancy?
A a) Inner cell mass. It forms the tissues of future embryo.
y.
b) Morula.
c) In the inner cell mass.
Q da
d) The pole of the blastocyst that contains the inner cell mass.
The following illustration is the sequence of oogenesis in human female:
to
es
di
tu
.s
w
respectively.
w
m
Chapter No.5 Name of the Chapter: PRINCIPLES OF
co
INHERITANCE AND VARIATION KOLKATA
REGION
y.
Q How will you find the genotype of an organism exhibiting a dominant phenotype trait ?
A By test cross ,with a homozygous recessive one .
Q
married to a Haemophilic man ? da
What is the probability of Haemophilia in the son when a normal homozygous women is
to
A 0%
Q Show through a cross all the possibility of the genotypes of the progeny when a man with
es
blood
group B marries a women with blood group A, both heterozygous for the trait .
di
an XX
egg fertilized by a Y sperm ?Name the abnormality with which he will be suffering from .
.s
Q What will be the percentage of gametes ry , formed by an individual with genotype RrYy ?
A ry – 25% .
w
Q The distance between the two strands of DNA is maintained constant ? How it is
maintained ?
w
A By base pairing between the two strands that is adenine with thymine with two hydrogen bond
and guanine with cytosine with 3 hydrogen bond.
Q Fillin the blanks a , b, c and d :
TRAIT DOMINANT RECESSIVE
Seed shape a wrinkled
Flower position Axillary b
Pod shape c constricted
m
No.6 Molecular Basis Of Inheritance KOLKATA REGION
co
It is fou d that i the T a s iptio p o ess the DNA st a d ith is al a s t a s i ed
y.
Q
.Why ?
da
A As ‘NA pol e ase a o k o l i ---> di e tio .
Q Where are UTRs located on m RNA ? Find out the UTRs from this segment of mRNA - UCG
AGC AUG CCC GCG UUU UAG GAG GAA
to
A UT‘s a e p ese t at oth -e d efo e sta t odo a d at –end (after stop codon). UCG,
es
AGC,GAG &GAA .
Q What is the importance of Lactose in Lac-Operon ?
A It induces Lac- Operon by binding with repressor protein.
di
transcription process ?
A If both the stands take part in transcription (1) one segment of DNA Would be coding for two
w
different proteins which will complicate the genetic information machinery. (2)Two RNA
w
molecules will be produced, complementary to each other, hence form a double stranded RNA.
Q Mention the two events when DNA is unzipped in a cell.
A Replication and Transcription
Q Name the chromosomes with highest and fewest number of genes .
A Chromosome 1 and Y chromosome .
Chapter Name of the Chapter:
No.7 Evolution Ranchi Region
Q1
What do these pictures (a) and (b) illustrate with reference to evolution?
m
co
y.
A1 (a) Dark and grey coloured moths on the bark of a tree in an unpolluted area.
da
(b) Dark and grey coloured moths on the bark of a tree in a polluted area.
Above picture shows industrial melanism. Prior to industrial revolution England had plenty of
to
lichen flora on the bark of trees giving light coloured background suitable for white coloured
moth but dark coloured moths were easily predated by the predators declining their numbers.
After industrial revolution lichens disappeared from the tree barks which caused easy predation
es
of white coloured moths than dark coloured declining the numbers of white moth in course of
time.
di
tu
.s
w
w
w
Q2 On the basis of diagram given below explain the different ways of natural selection.
m
co
y.
da
to
es
di
tu
.s
w
A2 Diagram explains three ways of natural selections which are-(a) Stabilising selection (b)
Directional selection (c) Disruptive selection.
w
A3 1. Germplasm - Protoplasm contained inside the germ cells that is transmitted from one
generation to other is called germplasm.
2. Branching descent-It the formation of different types of species from a common
ancestor due to variations and adaptations to varying ecological niches.
Q4 Write the formula to calculate allele frequency in future generations according to Hardy-
Weinberg equilibrium.
A4 (p + q)2 =p2+2pq+q2=1
Q5 Give a comparison of the skulls of adult modern human being, baby chimpanzee and adult
chimpanzee.
m
co
y.
da
to
es
di
tu
.s
w
w
w
A5 The skull of a baby chimpanzee is more like adult human skull than adult chimpanzee skull.
Q6 Give a flow chart to show the different divisions of geological time scale.
Cryptozoic Phanerozoic
Era
Azoic
( Era of no life)
Archaeozoic Proterozoic Palaeozoic Mesozoic Coenozoic
Era of invisible life Era of early life Era of ancient life Era medieval life Era of modern life
m
co
Cambrian Ordovician Silurian Devonian Carboniferous Permian
y.
da Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous
to
es
Tertiary Quaternary
Note-Coenozoic era is divided in to two periods which are Tertiary and Quaternary and these are
di
3.Pliocene 2-13mya
4.Miocene 13-26mya
.s
5.Eocene 38-54mya
w
6.Palaeocene 54-65mya
Chapter No.8 Name of the Chapter: Prepared
w
Q Name the organ of our body that acts as a filter of blood & trap the blood born microbes.
A Spleen
Q Cancer causing genes are called ------------------------.
A Oncogenes
Q Which antibodies present in colostrum.
A IgA
Q Name the proteins secreted by virus infected cells which protects non-infected cells from
further
viral infection.
A Interferons
Q Expand MALT.
A Mucosal Associated lymphoid Tissue
Q Cancer cells are more easily damaged by radiations than normal cells ,Why?
A Undergoing rapid division.
Q Name the medicine very effective sedative, pain killed & is very useful in patients who have
undergone surgery.
A Morphine
Q The chronic use of drugs & alcohol damages nervous system and liver, this is known as -------
-----.
A Cirrhosis
m
Q What do you mean by withdrawal syndrome?
A When the regular dose of drugs /alcohol is abruptly discontinued ,the body to manifest an
co
unpleasant syndrome characterised by anxiety, shakiness, nausea & sweating
Q What c-onc or proto-onc genes?
y.
A Cellular onco genes or proto onco genes are present in normal cells which ,when activated
under
Q da
certain conditions,could lead to oncogenic transformation of the cells.
Name the scientist who discovered the life cycle of malarial parasite.
to
A Sir Ronald Ross.
Q which type of organisms cause ringworm.
es
A Fungi
Q Name the disease caused due to abnormal increase in lymphocytes of blood.
di
A Leukemia/Blood cancer
Q Against which diseases does the MMR vaccine give protection ?
tu
A Measels,Mums&Rubeolla
Chapter Name of the Chapter:
.s
m
resistance.
A Abelmoschus esculentus(bhindi)
co
Q
Fill in the blanks:a,b and c.
y.
Crop
Brassica(Rapeseed mustard)
Variety
ada Insect pest
Aphids
to
b Pusa sem 2 Jssids,aphids and fruit borer
Pusa sem 3
es
m
t
co
h
e
y.
a
da
b
o
v
to
e
es
d
i
di
a
tu
g
r
.s
a
m
w
(
w
A
w
-
F
)
.
A5 Merits : Enhance the quality & quantity of crops, less requirement of insecticide & pesticides,
improve agronomic characteristics. Demerits : Favors new pathogen strain , dependability of
farmers on biogenic companies.
Chapter Name of the Chapter:
No.11 BIOTECHNOLOGY & ITS PRINCIPLES BHUBANESWAR Region
m
co
y.
A
da
to
es
di
tu
Q2.
.s
w
w
w
m
co
A Match the following
A B
y.
Bacteria --- ---------------------- Lysozyme
Chitinase --------------------- Fungus
Biolistic /Gene gun -----------
da
Microparticles of gold or tungsten coated
with DNA
to
Plant cell --------------------- Celluase
Recombinant DNA injected to
es
A ------ CTTAAG----
tu
Q5
.s
w
w
w
m
No.12 BIOTECHNOLOGY &ITS APPLICATION BHUBANESWAR Region
co
Q1. I) Expand GMO . What are the uses of G.M. Pants ?
y.
A Genetically Modified Organism.
da
a)It tolerates abiotic stresses such as cold ,drought salt & heat.
ii)It reduces reliance / dependence on chemical
pesticides iii) It reduces post harvest loses. iv) It increases
to
efficiency of mineral utilization by plants. v)Enhances
nutritional value of food
es
m
Without proper authorization from the concerned parties.
co
vi) Decision making organization regardingvalidity of G.M. resources & the safety of
introducing G.M. crops.
y.
A
da
to
i)Supply of alternative resources to industries in the form of starches fuels &
pharmaceuticals. i)Tailor-made plants
es
m
co
Q5 Differentiate between the insulin produce by rDNA & insulin produce by pancreas.
A
rDNA Insulin produced by pancreas
y.
i) It is produced artificialy i) It is produced naturally
da
ii) It produces only A & B polypeptides ii)It has three
polypeptides
to
A,B& C before maturation
es
di
tu
.s
Q1 Why are green plants not found beyond a certain depth in the ocean?
A As light is not available
Q.2 When does a population growth curve assume J – shaped?
A Unlimited resource in the habitat
Q3 When and Where will you found pseudo copulation?
A Similarities between female bee and orchid.
Q.4 What helps the fishes to survive in different water conditions?
A Osmoregulation
Q5 E plai Gause s Co petiti e e lusio P i iple.
m
A Gross primary productivity , Respiration , Net primary productivity.
Q3 What a e e o s ste se i es? Wh ‘o e t Co sta za Put a p i e tags o atu e s life- support
co
services?
A P odu t of e os ste a d it s useful ess.
Q.4 Differentiate between – (a) Primary and Secondary succession ( b ) Pyramid of energy and
y.
Pyramid of biomass
da
A (a) Slower and Faster ( b) Upright and Inverted
Q5 Explain Hydrarch succession in detail. How it is different from Xerarch succession?
A Various stages of development. Succession in dry areas.
to
Q6 Carbon cycle plays an important role in the biosphere. Discuss
A Diagram with explanation.
es
di
Silchar Region
Chapter Name of the Chapter:
tu
Alien species are species that have been introduced from another geographic region to an
w
A
area outside its natural range. For example;-
Parthenium, Lantana and Eicchornia are invaded the native species of India and causes
environmental damage.
Introduction of African catfish Clarias gariepinus in India for aquaculture purpose is
posing threat to many indigenous catfish.
Q2 The species diversity of plants (22%) is much less than that of animals (70%). What
could
be the explanation to how animals achieved greater diversification?
A As plants could not move away from their predators and harsh environmental conditions,
many of them have become extinct.
Animals can move away from harmful environment and their predators and survive better
and so more diversity.
Q3 Species extinction is accelerating at a fast speed mainly due to human activities. Group
such activities under four major heads and explain.
A Habitat loss and fragmentation; over exploitation; Alien Species invasions and co-extinctions.
Q4 Why is the number of prokaryotic species not yet estimated till now?
A Conventional taxonomic methods are not suitable for the identification of prokaryotic species.
m
Q5 Who are the Ecologists associated with the following works:
(i) The sociologist who popularized the term Biodiversity
co
(ii) Developed the River Popper hypothesis.
(iii) Gave the estimate of global species diversity
(iv) Performed experiments to show that increased diversity contributed to higher
y.
productivity
da
A Edward Wilson; Paul Ehrlich; Alexander von Humboldt; Robert May; David Tilman
Q6 Human activities had lead to progression of Sixth extinction at a faster rate than the previous five
episodes of extinction. How does the sixth extinction differ from the previous episodes of
to
extinction?
A The rate of sixth episode of extinction is progressing 100 to 1000 times faster than the previous episodes
es
of extinction.
Q7 If e appl Ma s glo al esti ates of spe ies i I dia o te t, ho a spe ies of a i al ha e
di
been recorded?
A About 90000.
tu
Q1 Why does biomagnifications occur with certain substances ?name two such substances.
A Biomagnifications is the phenomenon in which harmful chemicals get accumulated in the tissues
Large fish
(DDT 2 ppm)
Small fish
m
(DDT 0.5 ppm)
co
Zooplankton
y.
(DDT 0.04 ppm)
water da
to
(DDT 0.003 ppm)
es
i)Give reasons why there is a continuous increase in the DDT content in different trophic levels of
the chain.
di
ii) Name the phenomenon responsible for the increase in DDT content.
tu
Q3 Blends of polybend and bitumen , when used, help to increase the life of roads by a factor of
w
ii)biomagnification
three.what is the reason?
w
three.
Q4 Through auto fuel policy,Euro II norms,the government of india has laid out a road map to cut
down the vehicular air pollution in many cities of india.what this norms stipulated?
A Euro II norms stipulates that sulphur be controlled at 350 ppm in diesel and 150 ppm in
petrol.aromatic hydrocarbons are to be contained at 42 percent of the concerned fuel.according
to the road map,is to reduce sulphur to 50ppm in petrol and diesel and bring down the level to 35
percent.
Q
5
m
The figure shows the relative contribution of four greenhouse gases to global
co
warming.
i) Identify the gases A and C.
y.
ii) Why are these four gases called the greenhouse gases?
A i)
ii)
A-carbon dioxide ,C-CFCs
da
The molecules of these gases radiate heat energy, and a major part of which again comes
to
to ea th s su fa e,thus heati g it up o e agai , esults g ee house effe t.
es
di
tu
.s
w
w
w