400+mcq Control System PDF

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Objective Questions
Chapter 2
1. For the network shown in Figure P2.43, Vi ðtÞ is the input and i(t) is the output. The transfer function
I(S)=V(S) of the network is
Cs C
(a) (b)
LCs þ RCs þ 1
2 LCs þ RCs þ 1
2
Cs C
(c) (d)
RCs2 þ LCs þ 1 RCs2 þ LCs þ 1 ½IES 1993
R L
j(t) C
Vi(t)
Figure P2.43 A network (Objective Question 1).

2. For the field-controlled dc servomotor, as shown in Figure P2.44, the transfer function ðsÞ=EðsÞ
contains
(a) Two times constants, no integration (b) Two times constants, one integration
(c) One time constants, one integration (d) One time constants, one integration
½IES 1996
R Ig (Constant)
Singular relation
J1I
Figure P2.44 A filed-controlled servomotor.

3. A mechanical system consists of two mass-spring friction system, as shown in Figure P2.45. The order
of the transfer function X(s)=F(s) is
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
Figure P2.45 Two mass-spring friction system. ½IES 1996

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2 . OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
4. Consider a multiple gear system, as shown in Figure P2.46. Which one of the following gives the
equivalent inertia referred to shaft 1?
B N
J
N
J
B
N B B
J
N
Figure P2.46 A multiple gear system.
2
N1 2 N1 N3 2 N2 N2 N4 2
(a) J1 þ J2 þ Ja (b) J1 þ J2 þ J3
N2 N2 N4 N1 N1 N3

N1 2 N1 N2 2 N2 2 N1 N2 2
(c) J1 þ J2 þ J3 (d) J1 þ J2 þ J3
N2 N3 N4 N1 N3 N4
½IES 2004
5. For the mechanical system, shown in Figure P2.47, the system is described as:
y2(t) y1(t)
M
K f(t)
B
Figure P2.47 A mechanical system.
d 2 y1 ðtÞ dy1 ðtÞ d 2 y2 ðtÞ dy2 ðtÞ

(a) M þB ¼ K ½y2 ðtÞ y1 ðtÞ (b) M þB ¼ K ½y2 ðtÞ y1 ðtÞ
dt2 dt dt2 dt
d 2 y1 ðtÞ dy1 ðtÞ d 2 y2 ðtÞ dy2 ðtÞ

(c) M þB ¼ K ½y1 ðtÞ y2 ðtÞ (d) M þB ¼ K ½y1 ðtÞ y2 ðtÞ
dt2 dt dt 2 dt
½IES 2001
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS . 3
Chapter 3
1. Consider a signal flow graph, as in Figure P3.12.
s1 s2 s3
K2
K1
K3
(i)
s1 s2 s3
K2
K1
K3
(ii)
s1 K1 s2 s3
K2
K3
(iii)
Figure P3.12 Signal flow graphs for Objective Question 1.
Signal flow graphs, which have the same transfer function, would include:
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iv)
½IAS 1999
2. Consider a signal flow graph shown in Figure P3.13.
b7
b2 b5
b1
b3 b8 b9 b10
Z2 b4
Z1 Z6

Consider the following statements regarding the signal flow graph:

(i) There are three forward paths.
(ii) These are three individual loops.
(iii) These are two nontouching loops.
Of these statements:
(a) (i), (ii), and (iii) are correct. (b) (i) and (ii) are correct.
(c) (ii) and (iii) are correct. (d) (i) and (iii) are correct.
½IES 1998
3. Referring to Figure P3.14, match list I (signal flow graph) with list II (transfer function), and select
the correct answer using the codes given in the following list:
List I List II
P
A. Figure (i) 1:
1Q
Q
B. Figure (ii) 2:
1 PQ
PQ
C. Figure (iii) 3:
1 PQ
PQ
D. Figure (iv) 4:
1 P2
Codes: A B C D A B C D
(a) 2 3 4 1 (b) 2 3 1 4
(c) 3 2 1 4 (d) 3 2 4 1
½IAS 2000
4. A system block diagram is shown in Figure P3.15.
X
R(s) + + +
G1 G2 G3 C
−
H2
H1
The overall transfer function of the system is

C G1 G2 G3
¼
R 1 þ G1 G2 G3 H1 þ G2 H2 G3 G2 H3
The value of X in the figure would be equal to
(a) H3 (b) G3 H3
(c) G2 H3 (d) G3 H3
½IAS 2001
5. The signal flow graph of the system is shown in Figure P3.16.
The transfer function CðsÞ=DðsÞ of the system is

G1 ðsÞG2 ðsÞ G1 ðsÞG2 ðsÞ
(a) (b)
1 þ G1 ðsÞHðsÞ 1 G1 ðsÞG2 ðsÞHðsÞ
G2 ðsÞ G2 ðsÞ
(c) (d)
1 þ G1 ðsÞG2 ðsÞHðsÞ 1 G1 ðsÞG2 ðsÞHðsÞ ½IAS 2001
6. The closed loop system shown in Figure P3.17 is subjected to a disturbance NðsÞ.
The transfer function CðsÞ=NðsÞ is given
G1 ðsÞG2 ðsÞ G1 ðsÞ

(a) (b)
1 þ G1 ðsÞG2 ðsÞHðsÞ 1 þ G1 ðsÞHðsÞ
G2 ðsÞ G2 ðsÞ
(c) (d)
1 þ G2 ðsÞHðsÞ 1 þ G1 ðsÞG2 ðsÞHðsÞ
½IES 1997
7. The transfer function of the system shown in Figure P3.18 is
O ABC O AþBþC
(a) ¼ (b) ¼
R 1 þ ABC R 1 þ AB þ AC
O AB þ AC O AB þ AC
(c) ¼ (d) ¼
R ABC R 1 þ AB þ AC
R + −
O
A
−
+

½IAS 1998
8. Three blocks G1 ; G2 and G3 are connected in some fashion such that overall transfer function is
G1 þ G3 ð1 þ G1 G2 Þ
1 þ G1 G2
The blocks are connected in the following manner:

(a) G1 ; G2 with negative feedback and combination in parallel with G3
(b) G1 ; G3 with negative feedback and G2 in parallel
(c) G1 ; G2 is cascade and combination in parallel with G3
(d) G1 ; G3 in cascade and combination in parallel with G2
½IAS 2004
9. In regeneration feedback, the transfer function is given by
GðsÞ GðsÞ GðsÞ GðsÞHðsÞ

(a) ¼ (b) ¼
RðsÞ 1 þ GðsÞHðsÞ RðsÞ 1 GðsÞHðsÞ
GðsÞ GðsÞHðsÞ GðsÞ GðsÞ

(c) ¼ (d) ¼
RðsÞ 1 þ GðsÞHðsÞ RðsÞ 1 GðsÞHðsÞ
½IAS 1992
10. The transfer function CðsÞ=RðsÞ of the system, whose block diagram is shown in Figure P3.19, is
G1 G2 G1 G2
(a) (b)
1 þ G1 H1 þ G2 H2 G1 G2 H1 H2 1 þ G1 H1 þ G2 H2 þ G1 G2 H1 H2
G1 G2 G1 ð1 þ G2 H2 ÞG2 ð1 þ G1 H1 Þ
(c) (d)
1 þ G1 H1 þ G2 H2 1 þ G1 H1 þ G2 H2 þ G1 G2 H1 H2
R(S) + + C(S)
G1 G2
− −
H1 H2
½IES 1993
11. The signal flow graph of a closed loop system is shown in Figure P3.20, wherein TD represents the
disturbance reduces by
(a) Increasing G2 ðsÞ (b) Decreasing G2 ðsÞ
(c) Increasing G1 ðsÞ (d) Decreasing G1 ðsÞ

½IES 1997
12. The response c(t) of a system to an input r(t) is given by the following different equation:
d 2 cðtÞ 3dcðtÞ
þ þ 5cðtÞ ¼ 5rðtÞ
dt2 dt
The transfer function of the system is given by
5 1
(a) GðsÞ ¼ (b) GðsÞ ¼
s2 þ 3s þ 5 s2 þ 3s þ 5
3s sþ3
(c) GðsÞ ¼ (d) GðsÞ ¼
s2 þ 3s þ 5 s2 þ 3s þ 5
½IES 1996
13. The gain CðsÞ=RðsÞ of the signal flow graph, shown in Figure P3.21, is
G1 G2 þ G2 G3 G1 G2 þ G2 G3
(a) (b)
1 þ G1 G2 H1 þ G2 G3 H1 þ G4 1 þ G1 G2 H1 þ G2 G3 H1 G4
G1 G3 þ G2 G3 G1 G3 þ G2 G3
(c) (d)
1 þ G1 G3 H1 þ G2 G3 H1 þ G4 1 þ G1 G3 H1 þ G2 G3 H1 G4
½IES 2003
14. The overall gain CðsÞ=RðsÞ of the block diagram, shown in Figure P3.22, is
G1 G2 G1 G2
(a) (b)
1 G1 G2 H1 H2 1 G2 H2 G1 G2 H1
G1 G2 G1 G2
(c) (d)
1 G2 H2 G1 G2 H1 H2 1 G1 G2 H1 G1 G2 H2
R(S) + +
G1 G2
+
H1 H2
½IES 2003
15. From Figure P3.23, the transfer function of the signal flow graph is
T12 T22
(a) (b)
1 T22 1 T12
T12 T22
(c) (d)
1 þ T12 1 þ T12
½IES 1992
T22
X1 T12 X2

Chapter 4
1. The unit-impulse response of a system is given by cðtÞ ¼ 0:5et=2. Its transfer function is
(a) 1=ðs þ 2Þ (b) 1=ð1 þ 2sÞ
(c) 2=ð1 þ 2sÞ (d) 2=ðs þ 2Þ
½IAS 1993
2. If the unit-step response of a system is a unit impulse function, then the transfer function of such a
system will be
(a) 1 (b) 1=s
(c) s (d) 1=s2
½IAS 1994
3. When a unit-step input is applied, a second-order underdamped system has a peak overshoot of OP
occurring at tmax : If another step input, equal in magnitude to the peak overshoot OP, is applied at
t ¼ tmax , then the system will settle down at
(a) 1 þ OP (b) 1 OP
(c) OP (d) 1:0
½IAS 1994
4. The system shown in Figure P4.58 is subjected to a unit ramp input on close the switch (s).
(a) Steady-state error will increase and damping coefficient j will decrease.
(b) Both-steady state error and damping coefficient j will increase
(c) Both steady-state error and damping coefficient j will decrease.
(d) Steady-state error will decrease and damping coefficient j will increase.
R(s) + + K C(s)
– – s(s + a)
K1 s
s
Figure P4.58 Figure for Objective Question 4.
½IAS 1995
5. The impulse response of a system is given by
1 t=2
cðtÞ ¼ e
2
which of the following is its unit-step response?
(a) 1 et=2 (b) 1 et

(c) 2 et (d) 1 e2t
½IAS 1998
6. For the system, shown in Figure P4.59, the damping factor j and undamped natural frequency vn are
respectively
pffiffiffiffiffi rffiffiffiffi rffiffiffiffi

2 KJ J K f
(a) and (b) and pffiffiffiffiffi
f K J 2 KJ
rffiffiffiffi
f K 2F K
(c) pffiffiffiffiffi and (d) pffiffiffiffiffi and
2 KJ J KJ J
½IAS 1999
7. Type of a system depends on the

(a) No. of its poles (b) Difference between the no. of poles and zeros
(c) No. of its real poles (d) No. of poles it has at the origin
½IAS 2000
8. A unity feedback system has open loop transfer function as
16
GðsÞ ¼
sðs þ 16Þ
The natural frequency of the system is
(a) 16 (b) 8
(c) 2 (d) 4
½IAS 2002
9. The system
0:8
GðsÞ ¼
s2 þs2
is excited by a unit-step input. The steady-state output is
(a) 0.8 (b) 0.4
(c) 0.4 (d) Unbonded
½IAS 2003
10. The system shown in Figure P4.60 has a unit-step unit. In order that the steady-state error is 0.1, the
value of K required is
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.9
(c) 1.0 (d) 9.0
½IAS (EE) 1994
11. The settling time of a feedback system with the closed-loop transfer function
CðsÞ v2s
¼ 2
RðsÞ s þ 2vn s þ v2n
is
2 vn
(a) ts ¼ (b) ts ¼
vn 2
4
(c) ts ¼ (d) ts ¼ 4vn
vn
½IAS (EE) 1998
12. The feedback control system shown in Figure P4.61 is
+
s2 s+2
− ( s + 1) 2 s ( s + 1)
2s + 3
s ( s + 3)
(a) Type 0 system (b) Type 1 system

(c) Type 2 system (d) Type 3 system
½IES (EC) 1993
13. A typical control system is shown in Figure P4.62. Assuming RðsÞ ¼ 1=s; the steady-state error is
1
(a) (b) K
1þK
(c) Zero (d) 1
R(s) + s + 40 C(s)
K
– s(s + 10)
1
s + 20
½IES (EC) 1995

14. The velocity-error constant Kv of a feedback system of a closed-loop transfer function
CðsÞ GðsÞ
¼
RðsÞ 1 þ GðsÞHðsÞ
is
ðÞ
(a) Kv ¼ Lim sGðsÞHðsÞ (b) Kv ¼ Lim s 1þGGðssÞHðsÞ
s!0 s!0
(c) Kv ¼ Lim sGðsÞ (d) Kv ¼ Lim s½1 þ GðsÞHðsÞ

s!0 s!0
½IES (EC) 1998

15. In the derivation of expression for peak percent overshoot
!

Mp ¼ exp pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi 100%
1 2
which one of the following condition is NOT required?

(a) The system is linear and time invariant.
(b) The system transfer function has a pair of complex conjugate poles and no zeros.
(c) There is no transportation delay in the system.
(d) The system has zero initial condition.
½GATE (EC) 2005
16. For what values of a, does the system shown in Figure P4.63 have a zero steady-state error (timed)
for a step input?
(a) a ¼ 0 (b) a ¼ 1
(c) a 4 (d) For no value of a
s +1
s 2 + 5s + a
1
s+4

½GATE (EE) 1992
17. A system has the following transfer function

100ðs þ 5Þðs þ 50Þ
GðsÞ ¼
s4 ðs þ 10Þðs2 þ 3s þ 10Þ
The type and order of the system are respectively
(a) 4 and 9 (b) 4 and 7
(c) 5 and 7 (d) 7 and 5
½IES (EE) 1998
18. For the system shown in Figure P4.64, the state value of the output c(t) is
Input = Unit step
+ K
– s(s + 2s) C(s)
1 + 0.025
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 1 (d) Dependent on the values of K and Kt
½IES (EE) 1999
19. Consider the following statements regarding system shown in Figure P4.65, where m ¼ mass,
B ¼ frictional coefficient and K ¼ spring constant:
1. It represents a conservative system. pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
2. It has a natural frequency of undamped oscillation of K=m:
3. It has a time constant of m/K of these statements.
(a) 1, 2, and 3 are correct (b) 1 and 2 are correct

(c) 2 and 3 are correct (d) 1 and 3 are correct
½IAS 1997
B=0
m
20. In Figure P4.66, spring constant is K, viscous friction coefficient is B, mass is M and the system
output motion is x(t) corresponding to input force F(t). Which of the following parameters relates to
the above system?
x(t)
k
F(t)
M
Here
1. The constant ¼ 1=M pffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
2. Damping coefficient ¼ B= 2 KM pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
3. Natural frequency of oscillation ¼ K=M
½IES (EE) 1995
21. The step response of a system is cðtÞ ¼ 1 5et þ 10e2t 6e3t . The impulse response of the
system is
(a) 5et 20e2t þ 18e3t (b) 5e t 20e2t þ 18e3t
(c) 5et þ 20e2t þ 18e3t (d) 5et þ 20e2t 18e3t
½IAS 2003
22. Given a unity feedback with

K
G ð sÞ ¼
sðs þ 4Þ
the value of K for damping ratio of 0.5 is

(a) 1 (b) 16
(c) 4 (d) 2
½IAS 2003
23. A unity-feedback control system has a forward-path transfer function G(s) is given by
10ð1 þ sÞ
GðsÞ ¼
s2 ðs þ 1Þðs þ 5Þ
The steady-state error due to unit parabolic input
t2
rðtÞ ¼ UðtÞ
2
is
(a) Zero (b) 0.5
(c) 1.0 (d) Infinite
½IAS 2003
24. Damping factor and undamped natural frequency for a position control system is given by
pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi K pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
(a) 2 KJ; KJ respectively (b) ; K=J respectively
2fJ
f pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi J pffiffiffiffiffi
(c) pffiffiffiffiffi ; K=J respectively (d) pffiffiffiffiffi ; KJ respectively
2 KJ 2 Kf
½IES (EE) 1992
25. Match List I (Time Domain Specification) with List II (Equation for Finding Its Value), and select the
correct answer using the codes given below the lists.
List I (Time Domain Specification) List II (Equation for Finding Its Value)
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
A. Peak overshoot 1. =ðvn 1 2 Þ
B. Peak time 2. 4=ðvn Þ
C. Rise time 3. expð= 1 2 Þ%
D. Settling time (2%) 4. p fcos1 ½=ðvn 1 2 Þg
(a) 3 2 4 1 (c) 4 1 3 2
(b) 3 1 4 2 (d) 4 2 3 1
½IAS 2004
26. In type I system, a constant output velocity at steady state will be possible, when
(a) There is no error.
(b) There is a constant steady-state error.
(c) There is a variable steady-state error.

(d) There is a fluctuating error.
½IES (EE) 1992
27. If the time response of a system is given by the following equation
yðtÞ ¼ 5 þ 3 sinðvt þ 1 Þ þ e3t sinðvt þ 2 Þ þ e5t
then the steady-state part of the above response is given by
(a) 5 þ 3 sinðvt þ s1 Þ (b) 5 þ 3 sinðvt þ 1 Þ þ e3t sinðvt þ 2 Þ
(c) 5 þ e5t (d) 5
½IES (EE) 1996
28. The impulse response of a system is 5e10t ; its step response is equal to
(a) 0:5e10t (b) 5ð1 e10t Þ
(c) 0:5ð1 e10t Þ (d) 10ð1 e10t Þ
½IES (EE) 1996
29. The transfer function of a system is 10/(1 þ s) when operated as a unity feedback system, the steady-
state error to a unit-step input will be
(a) Zero (b) 1/11
(c) 10 (d) Infinity
½IES (EE) 1996
30. The unit-impulse response of a second-order system is 1=6e0:8t sinð0:6tÞ . Then the natural
frequency and damping ratio of the system are respectively
(a) 1 and 0.6 (b) 1 and 0.8
(c) 2 and 0.4 (d) 2 and 0.3
½IES (EE) 2003
31. A second-order control system has
100
MðjwÞ ¼ pffiffiffi
100 v2 þ 10 2jv
Its Mp (peak magnitude) is

(a) 0.5
pffiffiffi (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 2
½IES (EE) 2003
32. Consider the following system, shown in Figure P4.67, where x(t) ¼ sin t. What will be the response
y(t) in the steady state?
x(t) y(t)
s
1+ s

pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
(a) sin(t 458)= 2 (b) sin(t þ 458)= 2
pffiffiffiet
(c) 2 sin t (d) sin t cos t
½IES (EE) 2004
33. The damping ratio and natural frequency of a second-order system are 0.6 and 2 rad/s respectively.
Which of the following combinations gives the correct values of peak and settling time, respectively,
for the unit-step response of the system?
(a) 3.33 s and 1.95 s (b) 1.95 s and 3.33 s
(c) 1.95 s and 1.5 s (d) 1.5 s and 1.95 s
½IES (EE) 2004
34. Which of the following equations gives the steady-state error for a unity-feedback system excited by
us
us ðtÞ þ tus ðtÞ þ t2
2
1 1 1 1 1 2
(a) þ þ (b) þ þ
2 þ Kp Kv Ka 1 þ Kp Kv Ka
1 1 1 1 1 1
(c) þ þ (d) þ þ
Kp Kv Ka 1 þ Kp Kv Ka
½IES (EE) 2004
35. The steady-state error, due to a ramp input for a type-2 system, is equal to
(a) Zero (b) Infinite
(c) Non-zero number (d) Constant
½IES (EE) 2001
36. Which of the following is the steady-state error of a control system with step-error, ramp-error and
parabolic-error constants Kp; Ku Ka ; respectively, for the input ð1 t2 Þ3ðtÞ?
3 3 3 6
(a) (b) þ
1 þ Kp 2Ka 1 þ Kp Ka
3 3 3 6
(c) (d)
1 þ Kp Ka 1 þ Kp Ka
½IES (EE) 2005
37. The steady-state error of the type-1 second-order system to unit-ramp input is
(a) 2vn (b) 2=vn
(c) 4=vn (d) None of these
38. The unit-step response of a second-order linear system, with zero initial states, is given by
cðtÞ ¼ 1 þ 1:25e6t sinð8t tan1 1:333Þ; t0
The damping ratio and the undamped natural frequency of oscillation of the system are, respectively
(a) 0.6 and 10 rad/s (b) 0.6 and 12.5 rad/s
(c) 0.8 and 10 rad/s (d) 0.8 and 12.5 rad/s
½IAS 2000
39. If a second-order system has poles at ð1 jÞ, then the step response of the system will exhibit a peak
value at
(a) 4.5 s (b) 3.5 s
(c) 3.14 s (d) 1 s
½IAS 2001
40. In a continuous data system:
(a) Data may be a continuous function of time at all points in the system.
(b) Data is necessarily a continuous function of time at all points in the system.
(c) Data is continuous at the input and output parts of the system but not necessarily during
intermediate processing of the data.
(d) Only the reference signal is a continuous function of time.
41. A control system, having a unit damping factor, will give

(a) A critically damped response (b) An oscillatory response
(c) An undamped response (d) No response
½IES (EE) 1992
42. Principles of homogeneity and superposition are applied to
(a) Linear time-variant systems (b) Nonlinear time-variant systems
(c) Linear time-invariant system (d) Nonlinear time-invariant systems
½IES (EE) 1993
43. The open-loop transfer function of a unity feedback control system is given by
K
G ð sÞ ¼
sðs þ 1Þ
If the gain K is increased to infinity, then the damping ratio will tend to become
pffiffiffi
(a) 1= 2 (b) 1
(c) 0 (d) 1
½IES (EE) 1993
44. The transfer system of a control system is given as
K
T ð sÞ ¼
x2 þ 4s þ K
where K is the gain of the system in radians/amp. For this system to be critically damped, the value of
K should be
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
½IES (EE) 1996
45. Consider the following statements with reference to a system with velocity-error constant,
Kc ¼ 1000:
1. The system is stable. 2. The system is of type 1.
3. The test signal used is a step input.
Which of these statements are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
½IES (EE) 2003
46. The response cðtÞ to a system is described by the differential equation
d 2 c ðtÞ dc ðtÞ
2
þ4 þ 5c ðtÞ ¼ 0
dt dt
The system response is:
(a) Undamped (b) Underdamped
(c) Critically damped (d) Oscillatory
½IES (EC) 1999
47. Consider the following transfer functions:
1 4
1: 2:
s2 þsþ1 s2 þ 2s þ 4
2 1
3: 4:
s2 þ 2s þ 2 s2 þ 2s þ 1
3
5:
s2 þ 6s þ 3
Which of the above transfer functions represents underdamped second-order systems?

(a) 4 and 5 (b) 1, 4 and 5
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1, 3 and 5
½IES (EE) 2004
48. The open-loop transfer function of a unity-feedback control system is given by
K
GðsÞ ¼
sðs þ 1Þ
If the gain K is increased to infinity, then the damping ratio will tend to become
(a) Zero (b) 0.707
(c) Unity (d) Infinite
½IES (EE) 2005
49. Consider the following statements in connection with the differential equation
d 2y
4 þ 36y ¼ 36x
dt2
1. The natural frequency of the response is 6 rad/sec.
2. The response is always oscillatory.
3. The percentage overshoot is 10%, and damping ratio of the system is 0.6.
4. Both system time constant and settling time are infinite.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 2, 3 and 4
½IES (EE) 2005
50. A second-order system exhibits 100% overshoot. Its damping coefficient is:
(a) Equal to 0 (b) Equal to 1
(c) Less than 1 (d) Greater than 1
½IES (EE) 1998
51. For a second-order system
d 2y dy
2 2
þ 4 þ 8y ¼ 8x
dt dt
the damping ratio is
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.25
(c) 0.333 (d) 0.5
½IES (EC) 1992
52. In the type-1 system, the velocity error is:
(a) Inversely proportional to the bandwidth of the system
(b) Directly proportional to gain constant
(c) Inversely proportional to gain constant
(d) Independent of gain constant
½IES (EC) 1992
53. A unity-feedback control system has a forward-path transfer function equal to
42:25
sðs þ 6:5Þ
The unit-step response of this system, starting from rest, will have its maximum value at a time
equal to
(a) 0 sec (b) 0.56 sec
(c) 5.6 sec (d) Infinity
½IES (EC) 1993
54. Match the system open-loop transfer functions given in List I with the steady-state errors produced
for a unit-ramp input. Select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List I List II
30
A. 1. Zero
þ 6s þ 9
s2
30
B. 2 2. 0.2
s þ 6s
30
C. 2 2. 0.3
s þ 9s
sþ1
D. 4. Infinity
s2
(a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 4 3 2 1
(c) 1 3 2 4 (d) 4 2 3 1
½IES (EC) 1993
55. A plant has the following transfer function
1
GðsÞ ¼
s2 þ 0:2s þ 1
For a step input, it is required that the response settles to within 2% of its final value. The plant
settling time is
(a) 20 s (b) 40 s
(c) 35 s (d) 45 s
½IES (EC) 2003
56. A second-order control system is defined by the following differential equation:
d 2 c ðtÞ dc ðtÞ
4 2
þ8 þ 16c ðtÞ ¼ 16uðtÞ
dt dt
The damping ratio and natural frequency for this system are respectively
(a) 0.25 and 2 rad/s (b) 0.50 and 2 rad/s
(c) 0.25 and 4 rad/s (d) 0.50 and 4 rad/s
½IES (EE) 2001
57. Assuming the transient response of a second-order system to be given by
e4t pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
c ðtÞ ¼ 1 pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi sinðvn 1 2 þ Þ
1 2
the setting time for the 5% criterion will be

(a) 1/4 s (b) 3/4 s
(c) 5/4 s (d) 4 s
½IES (EC) 1994
58. Consider the systems with the following open-loop transfer functions:
36 100
1: 2:
sðs þ 3:6Þ sðs þ 5Þ
6:25
3:
sðs þ 4Þ
The correct sequence of these systems in increasing order of the time taken for the unit-step
response to settle is
(a) 1, 2, 3 (b) 3, 1, 2
(c) 2, 3, 1 (d) 3, 2, 1
½IES (EC) 1994
59. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List I (Characteristic equation) List II (Nature of damping)

A. s2 þ 15s þ 26:25 1. Undamped
B. s2 þ 5s þ 6 2. Under-damped
C. s2 þ 20:25 3. Critically damped
D. s2 þ 4:55s þ 42:25 4. Overdamped
(a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 2 3 1 4
(c) 4 3 1 2 (d) 1 2 4 3
½IES (EC) 1994
60. For the control system in Figure P4.68 to be critically damped, the value of gain K required is:
R(s) + 2 C(s)
K
– s2 + 7s + 2
(a) 1 (b) 5.125

(c) 6.831 (d) 10
½IES (EC) 1995
61. A system has an open-loop transfer function
10
G ð sÞ ¼
sðs þ 1Þðs þ 2Þ
What is the steady-state error when it is subjected to the input
3
r ðtÞ ¼ 1 þ 2t þ t2 ?
2
(a) Zero (b) 0.4
(c) 4 (d) infinity
½IES (EC) 1995
62. Consider a unit-feedback control system shown in Figure P4.69. The ratio of the time constants of
the open-loop response to the closed-loop response will be:
R(s) + 2 C(s)
− s+4

(a) 1:1 (b) 2:1

(c) 3:2 (d) 2:3
½IES (EC) 1995
63. Consider the following overall transfer function for a unity feedback system
4
s2 þ 4s þ 4
Which of the following statements regarding this system are correct?
1. Position error constant Kp for the system is 4.
2. The system is of type one.
3. The velocity-error constant Kv for the system is finite.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3
½IES (EC) 1996
64. A first-order system is shown in Figure P4.70. Its time response to a unit-step input is given by
R(s) C(s)
1
1 + sT
(a) cðtÞ ¼ ð1=T Þet=T (b) cðtÞ ¼ Tð1 et=T Þ

(c) cðtÞ ¼ ð1 et=T Þ (d) c ðtÞ ¼ Tet=T
½IES (EC) 1996
65. For a unity-feedback system, the open-loop transfer function is
16ðs þ 2Þ
G ð sÞ ¼
What is the steady-state error if the input is r ðtÞ ¼ ð2 þ 3t þ 4t2 ÞuðtÞ?
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3 ½IES (EC) 1996
66. A system has a transfer function
CðsÞ 4
¼
RðsÞ s2 þ 1:6s þ 4
For the unit-step response, the settling time (in seconds) for 2% tolerance band is
(a) 1.6 (b) 2.5
(c) 4 (d) 5
½IES (EC) 1996
67. A second-order system has the damping ratio and undamped natural frequency of oscillation
vn . The settling time at 2% tolerance band of the system is
2 3
(a) (b)
vn vn
4
(c) (c) vn
vn ½IES (EC) 2000
68. Which of the following is the steady-state error for a step input applied to a unity-feedback system
with the open-loop transfer function
10
G ð sÞ ¼ 2 ?
s þ 14s þ 50
(a) ess ¼ 0 (b) ess ¼ 0:83
(c) ess ¼ 1 (d) ess ¼ 1
½IES (EC) 2001
69. In the system shown in Figure P4.71, where
r ðtÞ ¼ 1 þ 2t ðt 0Þ
the steady-state value of the error eðtÞ is equal to
(a) Zero (b) 2/10
(c) 10/2 (d) Infinity
r(t) + e(t) 10( s + 1) C(t)

− s 2 ( s + 2)

½IES (EE) 2001
70. Consider the unity-feedback system as shown in Figure P4.72. The sensitivity of the steady-state
error to change in parameter K and parameter a with ramp inputs are respectively
(a) 1, 1 (b) 1, 1
(c) 1, 0 (d) 0, 1
r(t) + e(t) 10( s + 1) C(t)
– s 2 ( s + 2)
½IES (EC) 2002

71. When the time period of an observation is large, the type of error is:
(a) Transient error (b) Steady-state error
(c) Half-power error (d) Position-error constant
½IES (EC) 2003
72. What is the unit-step response of a unity-feedback control system having forward-path transfer
function
80
GðsÞ ¼ ?
sðs þ 18Þ
(a) Overdamped (b) Critically damped

(c) Underdamped (d) Undamped oscillatory
½IES (EC) 2004
73. What is the steady-state error for a unity-feedback control system having
1
GðsÞ ¼
sðs þ 1Þ
due to unit-ramp input?
(a) 1 (b) 0.5
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
(c) 0.25 (d) 0:5
½IES (EC) 2005
74. Given a unity-feedback system with
K
GðsÞ ¼
sðs þ 4Þ
what is the value of K for a damping ratio of 0.5?
(a) 1 (b) 16
(c) 4 (d) 2
½IES (EC) 2005
75. Match List I (System G(s)) with List II (Nature of response), and select the correct answer using the
codes given.
List I (System G(s)) List II (Nature of response)
400
A. 1. Undamped
þ 12s þ 400
s2
900
B. 2 2. Critically damped
s þ 90s þ 400
225
C. 2 3. Underdamped
s þ 30s þ 225
625
D. 2 4. Overdamped
s þ 0s þ 225
(a) 3 1 2 4 (b) 2 4 3 1
(c) 3 4 2 1 (d) 2 1 3 4
½IES (EC) 2005
76. An underdamped second-order system with negative damping will have the two roots:
(a) On the negative real axis as real roots
(b) On the left-hand side of the complex plane as complex roots
(c) On the right-hand side of the complex plane as complex conjugates

(d) On the positive real axis as real roots
½IES (EC) 2005
77. Which of the following expresses the time at which second peak in step response occurs for a second-
order system?
2
(a) pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi (b) pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
vn 1 2 vn 1 2
3
(c) pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi (d) pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
vn 1 2 1 2 ½IES (EC) 2005
78. The steady-state error of a stable of type 0 unity-feedback system for a unit-step function is
(a) 0 (b) 1=ð1 þ Kp Þ
(c) 1 (d) 1=Kp
½GATE (EC) 1990
79. A second-order system has a transfer function given by
25
GðsÞ ¼
s2 þ 8s þ 25
If the system, initially at rest, is subjected to a unit-step input at t ¼ 0, the second peak in the
response will occur at
(a) s (b) =3 s
(c) 2 =3 s (d) =2 s
½GATE (EC) 1991
80. A unity-feedback control system has an open-loop transfer function
4ð1 þ 2sÞ
G ð sÞ ¼
s2 ðs þ 2Þ
If the input to the system is a unit ramp, the steady-state error will be
(a) 0 (b) 0.5
(c) 2 (d) Infinity
½GATE (EC) 1991
81. The step-error coefficient of a system
1
G ð sÞ ¼
ðs þ 6Þðs þ 1Þ
with unity feedback is
(a) 1=6 (b) 1
(c) 0 (d) 1
½GATE (EC) 1995
82. Consider a unity-feedback control system with open-loop transfer function
K
GðsÞ ¼
sðs þ 1Þ
The steady-state error of the system due to a unit-step input is

(a) Zero (b) K
(c) 1/K (d) Infinite
½GATE (EC) 1998
83. For a second-order system with the closed-loop transfer function
9
T ð sÞ ¼
s2 þ 4s þ 9
the settling time for 2% band, in seconds, is:
(a) 1.5 (b) 2.0
(c) 3.0 (d) 4.0
½GATE (EC) 1999
84. If the characteristic equation of a closed-loop system is s2 þ 2s þ 2 ¼ 0, then the system is
(a) Overdamped (b) Critically damped
(c) Underdamped (d) Undamped
½GATE (EC) 2001
85. Consider a system with a transfer function
sþ6
GðsÞ ¼
Ks2 þsþ6
Its damping ratio will be 0.5 when the value of K is
(a) 2/6 (b) 3
(c) 1/6 (d) 6
½GATE (EC) 2002
86. The transfer function of a system is
100
GðsÞ ¼
For a unit-step input to the system, the approximate setting time for 2% criterion is:
(a) 100 s (b) 4 s
(c) 1 s (d) 0.1 s
½GATE (EE) 2002
87. For a feedback-control system of type 2, the steady-state error for a ramp input is:
(a) Infinite (b) Constant
(c) Zero (d) Interminate
½GATE (EE) 1996
88. A unit-feedback system has an open-loop transfer function G(s). The steady-state error is zero for
(a) Step input and type-1 G(s) (b) Ramp input and type-1 G(s)
(c) Step input and type-0 G(s) (d) Ramp input and type-0 G(s)
½GATE (EE) 2000
89. A unity-feedback system has an open-loop transfer function
25
GðsÞ ¼
sðs þ 6Þ
The peak overshoot in the step-input response of the system is approximately equal to:
(a) 5% (b) 10%
(c) 15% (d) 20%
½GATE (EE) 2000
90. If the ramp input is applied to a type-2 system, the steady-state error is:
(a) Positive constant (b) Negative constant
(c) Zero (d) Positive infinity
½GATE (EE) 2000
91. Consider the unit-step response of a unity-feedback control system, whose open-loop transfer
functions is
1
GðsÞ ¼
sðs þ 1Þ
The maximum overshoot is equal to
(a) 0.143 (b) 0.153
(c) 0.163 (d) 0.173
½GATE (EE) 1996
92. An open-loop transfer function of a unity-feedback system is given by
K
sðs þ 1Þ
If the value of gain K is such that the system is critically damped, the closed-loop poles of the system
will lie at:
(a) 0.5 and 0.5 (b) j0:5
(c) 0 and 1 (d) 0.5 j0:5
½GATE (EE) 2002
93. The block diagram shown in Figure P4.73 gives a unity-feedback closed-loop control system. The
steady-state error in the response of the above system to the unit-step input is:
(a) 25% (b) 0.75%
(c) 6% (d) 33%
u(t) + 15 v(t)
3
− s + 15 s +1
½IES (EE) 2001

94. A block diagram of a closed-loop control system is given in Figure P4.74. The values of K and P are
respectively (such that the system has a damping ratio of 0.7 and an undamped natural frequency, vn ,
of 5 rad/sec):
(a) 20 and 0.3 (b) 20 and 0.2
(c) 25 and 0.3 (d) 25 and 0.2
R(s) + K C(s)
– s( s + 2)
1 + sP
½IES (EC) 1997

95. The unit-impulse response of a second-order underdamped system, starting from rest, is given by
cðtÞ ¼ 12:5e6t sin 8t; t0
The steady-state value of the unit-step response of the system is equal to:
(a) 0 (b) 0.25
(c) 0.5 (d) 1.0
½GATE (EE) 2004
96. In the case of a second-order system described by a differential equation
Jd 2 0 d0
þF þ k0 ¼ ki
dt2 dt
where i and 0 are the input and output shaft angles, the natural frequency is given by:
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
(a) K=J (b) J=K
pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
(c) KJ (d) K J
½IES (EC) 1997
97. Assuming unit-ramp input match List I (System type) with List II (Steady-state error), and select the
correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List I (system type) List II (steady-state error)

A. 0 1. K
B. 1 2. 1
C. 2 3. 0
D. 3 4. 1=4
(a) 2 4 3 3 (b) 1 2 3 4
(c) 2 1 4 3 (d) 1 2 4 3
½IES (EC) 2003
98. A unity-feedback second-order control system is characterized by
K
GðsÞ ¼
sð Js þ BÞ
where J ¼ moment of inertia, K ¼ system gain and B ¼ viscous damping coefficient. The transient
response specification, which is not affected by variation of system gain, is the:
(a) Peak overshoot (b) Rise time
(c) Settling time (d) Damped frequency of oscillation
½IES (EE) 1997
99. A linear second-order system with the transfer function
49
GðsÞ ¼ 2
s þ 16s þ 49
is initially at rest and is subjected to a step-input signal. The response of the system will exhibit a
peak overshoot of:
(a) 16% (b) 9%
(c) 2% (d) Zero
½IES (EE) 1998
100. The unit-impulse response of a linear time-invariant second-order system is
gðtÞ ¼ 10e8t sin 6t ðt 0Þ
The natural frequency and the damping factor of the system are respectively
(a) 10 rad/s and 0.6 (b) 10 rad/s and 0.8
(c) 6 rad/s and 0.6 (d) 6 rad/s and 0.8
½IES (EE) 1999
101. If ða jbÞ are the complex conjugate roots of a characteristic equation of a second-order system,
then its damping coefficient and natural frequency will be respectively:
b pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi b
(a) pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi and a2 þ b2 (b) pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
a þb
2 2 a þ b2
2
a p ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi a
(c) pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi and a2 þ b2 (d) pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi and a2 þ b2
a þb
2 2 a þ b2
2
½IES (EE) 2000
102. A unity-feedback control system has a forward-path transfer function
10ð1 þ 4sÞ
G ð sÞ ¼
s2 ð1 þ sÞ
If the system is subjected to an input
t2
rðtÞ ¼ 1 þ t þ ðt 0Þ
2
then the steady-state error of the system will be:
(a) Zero (b) 0.1
(c) 10 (d) Infinity
½IES (EE) 2000
103. The effect of error-rate damping is:
(a) To reduce steady-state error (b) Delay the response
(c) To provide larger settling time (d) None of the above
Chapter 5
1. If the characteristic equation of a system is s3 þ 14s2 þ 56s þ k ¼ 0 then it will be stable only if:
(a) 0 < K < 784 (c) 10 > K > 600

(b) 1 < K < 64 (d) 4 < K < 784
½IAS 1994
2. The first two rows of Routh’s tabulation of a fourth-order system are:
s4 1 10 5
s3 2 20
The number of roots of the system lying on the right half of the s-plane is:
(a) Zero (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
3. The first stability test showed the sign as follows: ½IAS 1996
Rows I II III IV V VI VII

Signs + + + + +
The number of roots of the system lying the right half of the s-plane is:
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 5
½IAS 1998
4. For the block diagram shown in Figure P5.21, the limiting values of K for the stability of inner loop
is found to be x < K < y, the overall system will be stable if and only if:
(a) 4x < K < 4y (b) 2x < K < 2y
(c) x < K < y (d) x=2 < K < y=2
½IES (EE) 2000

5. A system with the characteristic equation s4 þ 2s3 þ 11s2 þ 18s þ 18 ¼ 0 will have a closed-loop
poles such that:
(a) All poles lie in the left half of the s-plane.
(b) All poles lie in the right half of the s-plane.
(c) Two poles lie symmetrically on the imaginary axis of the s-plane.
(d) No pole lies on the imaginary axis of the s-plane.
½IAS 1993
6. By properly choosing the value of K, the output c(t) of the system (as shown in Figure P5.22) can be
made to oscillate sinusoidally at a frequency (in rad/s) of:
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
K c(t)
s(s+1)(s+4)
½IAS 1993
7. Which one of the following statements is true for the system shown in Figure P5.23?
(a) Open-loop system is unstable but closed-loop system is stable.
(b) Open-loop system is stable but closed-loop system is unstable.
(c) Both open-loop and closed-loop system are stable.
(d) Both open-loop and closed-loop systems are unstable.

½IAS 1993
List I (Roots in the s-plane) List II (Corresponding impulse response)

(a) 5 1 2 4 (b) 3 4 2 1
(c) 5 2 1 4 (d) 4 3 1 5
½IAS 1995
9. Consider the following statements regarding the stability analysis by Routh–Hurwitz criterion.
1. For a system to be stable, all the coefficients of the characteristic equation must be present and of
the same sign.
2. If a system is to be stable, there should not be any sign change in the first column of the Routh’s
array.
3. The order of the auxillary equation obtained from the elements of the Routh’s table is always
odd.
(a) 1 and 2 are correct.
(b) 2 and 3 are correct.
(c) 1 and 3 are correct.
(d) 1, 2 and 3 are correct.
½IAS 1999
10. A closed-loop system is shown in Figure P5.24. The largest possible value of for which the system
would be stable is:
(a) 1 (b) 1.1
(c) 1.2 (d) 2.3
½IES (EC) 1998
11. The number of roots in the left-half of s-plane for the equation s3 4s2 þ s þ 6 ¼ 0 would be
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
½IAS 2001
12. The characteristic equation of a feedback-control system is s3 þ Ks2 þ 5s þ 10 ¼ 0 for the system to
be critically stable, the values of K should be
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
½IES (EE) 1999
13. A closed-loop system is stable when all its poles in the s-plane lie
(a) On the positive real axis (b) On the imaginary axis
(c) In the left half (d) In the right half ½IAS 2002
14. Consider the equation 2s4 þ s3 þ 3s2 þ 5s þ 10 ¼ 0. The number of roots this equation has in the
right half of the s-plane is:
(a) One (b) Two
(c) Three (d) Four
½IAS 2003
15. The feedback system shown in Figure P5.25 is stable for all values of K is given by:
(a) K > 0 (b) K < 0
(c) 0 < K < 42 (d) 0 < K < 60

½IAS 2003
16. For making an unstable system stable:

(a) Gain of the system should be increased.
(b) Gain of the system should be decreased.
(c) The number of zeros to the loop transfer function should be increased.
(d) The number of poles to the loop-transfer function should be increased.
½IES (EE) 1992
17. While forming a Routh’s array, the situation of a row zeros indicates that the system:
(a) Has symmetrically located roots (b) Is not sensitive to variations in gain
(c) Is stable (d) Is Unstable
½IES (EC) 1997
18. The characteristic equation of a closed-loop system is given by s4 þ 6s3 þ 11s2 þ 6s þ k ¼ 0: Stable
closed-loop behavior can be ensured when the gain K is such that:
(a) 0 < K < 10 (b) K > 10
(c) 1 K < 1 (d) 0 < K 20
½IES (EE) 1993
19. By a suitable choice of the scalar parameter K, the system shown in Figure P5.26 can be made to
oscillate continuously at a frequency of:
(a) 1 rad/s (b) 2 rad/s
(c) 4 rad/s (d) 8 rad/s

½IES (EE) 1993
20. The open-loop transfer functions with unity feedback are given below for different systems:
2 2
1. GðsÞ ¼ 2. GðsÞ ¼
sþ2 sðs þ 2Þ
2 2ðs þ 1Þ
3. GðsÞ ¼ 4. GðsÞ ¼
s2 ðs þ 2Þ sðs þ 2Þ
Among these systems, the unstable system is
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
½IES (EE) 1993
21. The open-loop transfer function of a control system is given by

K ðs þ 10Þ
sðs þ 2Þðs þ aÞ
The smallest possible value of a for which this system is stable in a closed loop for all positive values
of K is:
(a) 0 (b) 8
(c) 10 (d) 12
½IES (EE) 1994
22. The open-loop transfer function of a unity-feedback control system is given by

K ðs þ 2Þ
GðsÞ ¼ ðs þ 1Þðs 7Þ
For K > 6, the stability characteristic of the open-loop and closed-loop configuration of the system
are, respectively:
(a) Stable and stable (b) Unstable and stable
(c) Stable and unstable (d) Unstable and unstable
½IES (EE) 1994
23. The open-loop transfer function of a system is given by

K
G ð sÞ ¼
The value of K which will cause sustained oscillations in the closed-loop unity feedback, is:
(a) 16 (b) 32
(c) 48 (d) 64
½IES (EE) 1996
24. The characteristic equation 1 þ G(s)H(s) ¼ 0 of a system is given by s4 þ 6s3 þ 11s2 þ 6s þ

K ¼ 0. For the system to be stable, the value of the gain K should be:
(a) Zero (b) Greater than zero but less than 10
(c) Greater than 10 but less than 20 (d) Greater than 20 but less than 30
½IES (EE) 1996]
25. The characteristic equation for a third-order is q(s) ¼ a0 s3 þ a1 s2 þ a2 s þ a3 ¼ 0: For the third-
order system to be stable, besides that all the coefficients have to be positive, which one of the
following has to be satisfied as a necessary and sufficient condition?
(a) a0 a1 a2 a3 (b) a1 a2 a0 a3
(c) a2 a3 a1 a0 (d) a0 a3 a1 a2
½IES (EE) 2004
26. For which of the following values of K, the feedback, shown in Figure P5.27, is stable?
(a) K > 0 (b) K < 0
(c) 0 < K < 42 (d) 0 < K < 6 0
½IES (EE) 2005
27. Consider the equation 2s4 þ s3 þ 3s2 þ 5s þ 10 ¼ 0: How many roots does this equation have in
the right half of the s-plane?
(a) One (b) Two
(c) Three (d) Four
½IES (EE) 2005
28. When all the roots of the characteristic equation are found in the left of an s-plane, the response
due to the initial condition will:
(a) Increase to infinity as time approaches infinity
(b) Decrease to zero as time approaches infinity
(c) Remain constant for all time
(d) Be oscillating
½IES (EC) 1992
29. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists:
List I (characteristic root location) List II (system characteristic)
A. (1 þj), (1j) 1. Marginally stable
B. (2 þj), (2j), (2j), (2j) 2. Unstable
C. j, j, 1, 1 3. Stable
Codes: A B C A B C
(a) 1 2 3 (b) 3 1 2
(c) 2 3 1 (d) 1 3 2
½IES (EC) 1992
30. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the list:
List I (Roots in the s-plane) List II (Impulse response)
A. Two imaginary roots
B. Two complex roots in the right half plane
C. A single root on the negative real axis
D. A single root at the origin
Codes: A B C D
(a) 2 3 1 4
(b) 1 2 3 4
(c) 4 3 2 1
(d) 3 2 4 1
½IES (EC) 1992
31. How many roots of the characteristic equation s5 þ s4 þ 2s3 þ 2s2 þ 3s þ 15 ¼ 0 lie in the left half
of the s-plane?
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 5
½IES (EC) 1993
32. A control system is shown in Figure P5.28. The maximum value of the gain K for which the system is
stable is:
pffiffiffi
(a) 3 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 5 ½IES(EC) 1993
33. Consider the following statements regarding the number of sign change in the first column of Routh
in respect of the characteristic equation s2 þ 2as þ 4 :
1. If a ¼ þ", where " is near to zero, number of sign changes will be equal to zero.
2. If a ¼ 0, the number of sign change will be equal to one.
3. If a ¼ "; where " ¼ near zero, the number of sign changes will be equal to two.
(a) 1, 2 and 3 are correct (b) 1 and 2 are correct
½IES (EC) 1994
34. The value of K for which the unity-feedback system
K
G ð sÞ ¼
crosses the imaginary axis is
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 6 (d) 48
½IES (EC) 1997
35. The first column of a Routh array is:
s5 1
s4 2
s3 3=2
s2 1=3
s1 10
s0 2
How many roots of the corresponding equation are there in the left of the s-plane?
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 5
½IES (EC) 1996
36. The characteristic equation of a system is given by 3s4 þ 10s3 þ 5s2 þ 2 ¼ 0. This system is:
(a) Stable (b) Marginally stable
(c) Unstable (d) None of (a), (b) or (c)
½IES (EE) 2002
37. The loop transfer function of Q closed-loop system is given by
k
GðsÞHðsÞ ¼
s2 ðs2 þ 2s þ 2Þ
The angle of departure of the root locus at s ¼ 1 þ j is
(a) Zero (b) 90
(c) 90 (d) 180
½IES (EC) 1998
38. The Routh–Hurwitz criterion cannot be applied when the characteristic equation of the system
contains any coefficients which is:
(a) Negative real and exponential functions of s
(b) Negative real, both exponential and sinusoidal functions of s
(c) Both exponential and sinusoidal functions of s
(d) Complex, both exponential and sinusoidal functions of s
½IES (EC) 2000
39. Which one of the following characteristics equations can result in a stable operation of the feedback
system?
(a) s3 þ 4s2 þ s 6 ¼ 0 (b) s3 s2 þ 5s þ 6 ¼ 0
(c) s3 þ 4s2 þ 10s þ 11 ¼ 0 (d) s4 þ s3 þ 2s2 þ 4s þ 6 ¼ 0
½IES (EC) 2000
40. Consider the following statements: Routh–Hurwitz criterion gives
1. Absolute stability
2. The number of roots lying on the right half of the s-plane.
3. The gain margin and phase margin
Which of the statements are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3
½IES (EC) 2000
41. The given characteristic polynomial s4 þ s3 þ 2s þ 3 ¼ 0 has:
(a) Zero root in the RHS of the s-plane (b) One root in the RHS of the s-plane
(c) Two roots in the RHS of the s-plane (d) Three roots in the RHS of the s-plane
½IES (EC) 2001
42. A system has a single pole at the origin. Its impulse response will be:
(a) Constant (b) Ramp
(d) Decaying exponential (d) Oscillatory
½IES (EC) 2002
43. Match List I (Pole–zero plot of linear control system) with List II (Response of the system), and select
the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List I (Pole–zero plot of linear control system) List II (Response of the system)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Codes: A B C D
(a) 4 3 1 2
(b) 4 3 2 1
(c) 3 4 2 1
(d) 3 4 1 2
½IES (EC) 2002
44. The characteristic equation of a control system is given by
s6 þ 2s5 þ 8s4 þ 12s3 þ 20s2 þ 16s þ 16s ¼ 0
The number of the roots of the equation, which lie on the imaginary axis of the s-plane, is:
(a) Zero (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) 6
½IES (EC) 2003
45. The closed-loop system shown in Figure P5.29 becomes marginally stable, if the constant K is
chosen to be:
(a) 10 (b) 20
(c) 30 (d) 40
½IES (EE) 2002
46. An open loop system has a transfer function

1
s3 þ 1:5s2 þ s 1
It is converted into a closed-loop system by providing negative feedback having transfer function
20(s þ 1). Which one of the following is correct?
The open loop and closed loop system are respectively:
(a) Stable and stable (b) Stable and unstable
(c) Unstable and stable (d) Unstable and unstable
½IES (EC) 2004
47. An electromechanical closed-loop control system has the characteristic equation s3 þ 6Ks2 þ
ðK þ 2Þs þ 8 ¼ 0; where K is the forward gain of the system. The condition for the closed-loop
stability is:
(a) K ¼ 0.528 (b) K ¼ 2
(c) K ¼ 0 (d) K ¼ 2528
½GATE (EC) 1990
48. The characteristic equation of a feedback control system is given by s3 þ 5s2 þ ðK þ 6Þ s þ K ¼ 0;

where K > 0 is a scalar variable parameter. In the root–loci diagram of the system, the asymptotes
of the root–locus for large values of K meet at a point in the s-plane, whose coordinates are:
(a) (3, 0) (b) (2, 0)
(c) (1, 0) (d) (2, 0)
½GATE (EC) 1991
49. For a second-order system, damping ratio, ; is 0 < < 1, then the roots of the characteristic
polynomial are:
(a) Real but not equal (b) Real and equal
(c) Complex conjugates (d) Imaginary
½GATE (EC) 1995
50. The number of roots of s3 þ 5s2 þ 7s þ 3 ¼ 0 in the left half of the s-plane is:
(a) Zero (b) One
(c) Two (d) Three
½GATE (EC) 1998
51. The transfer function of a system is

2s2 þ 6s þ 5
ðs þ 1Þ2 ðs þ 2Þ
The characteristic equation of the system is:
(a) 2s2 þ 6s þ 5 ¼ 0 (b) ðs þ 1Þ2 ðs þ 2Þ ¼ 0
(c) 2s2 þ 6s þ 5þ ðs þ 1Þ2 ðs þ 2Þ ¼ 0 (d) 2s2 þ 6s þ 5 ðs þ 1Þ2 ðs þ 2Þ ¼ 0
½GATE (EC) 1998
52. A system described by the transfer function

1
HðsÞ¼
s3 þ s2 þ Ks þ 3
is stable. The constraints on a and K are:
(a) > 0; K < 3 (b) > 0; K > 3
(c) < 0; K > 0 (d) > 0; K < 0
½GATE (EC) 2000
53. The characteristic polynomial of a system is qðsÞ ¼ 2s5 þ s4 þ 4s3 þ 2s2 þ 2s þ 1. The system is:
(a) Stable (b) Marginally stable
(c) Unstable (d) Oscillatory
½GATE (EC) 2002
54. The open-loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is
K
GðsÞ ¼
sðs2 þ s þ 2Þðs þ 3Þ
The range of K for which the system is stable is:

(a) 21/44 > K > 0 (b) 13 > K > 0
(c) 21/4 < K < 1 (d) 6 < K < 1
½GATE (EC) 2004
55. For the polynomial PðsÞ ¼ s5 þ s4 þ 2s3 þ 2s2 þ 3s þ 15; the number of roots that lie in the right
half of the s-plane is:
(a) 4 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 1
½GATE (EC) 2004
56. A feedback system is shown in Figure P5.30. The system is stable for all positive values of K, if:
(a) T ¼ 0 (b) T < 0
(c) T > 1 (d) 0 < T < 1
½IES (EE) 2000

57. The open-loop transfer function of a unity-feedback control system is
K ðs þ 10Þðs þ 20Þ
G ð sÞ ¼
s2 ðs þ 2Þ
The closed-loop system will be stable, if the value of K is:

(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 5
½IES (EE) 1998
58. The number of roots of the equation 2s4 þ s3 þ 3s2 þ 5s þ 7 ¼ 0 that lie in the right half of the
s-plane is:
(a) Zero (b) One
(c) Two (d) Three
½GATE (EE) 1998
59. The characteristic equation of a feedback control system is 2s4 þ s3 þ 3s2 þ 5s þ 10 ¼ 0. The
number of roots in the right half of the s-plane are:
(a) Zero (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3
½GATE (EE) 2003
60. First column elements of the Routh’s tabulation are 3, 5, 3/4, 1/2 and 2. It means that there
is/are:
(a) One root in the left half of the s-plane (b) Two roots in the half of the s-plane
(c) Two root in the right half of the s-plane (d) One root in the right half of the s-plane
½IES (EC) 1999
61. The loop gain GH of a closed-loop system is given by

K
The value of K for which the system just becomes unstable, is:
(a) K ¼ 6 (b) K ¼ 8
(c) K ¼ 48 (d) K ¼ 96
½GATE (EE) 2003
62. A unity-feedback system having an open-loop gain

K ð1 sÞ
GðsÞHðsÞ ¼
1þs
becomes stable when:
(a) | K | > 1 (b) K > 1
(c) | K | < 1 (d) K <1
½GATE (EE) 2005
63. The algebraic equation FðsÞ ¼ s5 3s4 þ 5s3 7s2 þ 4s þ 20 is given. F(s) ¼ 0 has:
(a) A single complex root with the remaining roots being real
(b) One positive real root and four complex roots, all with positive real parts
(c) One negative real root, two imaginary roots and two roots with positive real parts
(d) One positive real root, two imaginary roots and two roots with negative real parts
½GATE (EE) 2006
64. The characteristic equation of a control system is given by sðs þ 4Þðs2 þ 2s þ 2Þ þ Kðs þ 1Þ ¼ 0.
What are the angles of the asymptotes for the root loci for K 0?
(a) 608, 1808, 3008 (b) 08, 1808, 3008
(c) 1208, 1808, 2408 (d) 08, 1208, 2408
½IES (EE) 2005
65. Figure P5.64 shows the Nyquist plot of the open-loop transfer function G(s)H(s) of a system. If
G(s)H(s) has one right-hand pole, the closed-loop system is:
Figure P5.64
(a) Always stable

(b) Unstable with one closed-loop right-hand poles
(c) Unstable with two closed-loop right-hand poles
(d) Unstable with three closed-loop right-hand poles
½GATE (EC) 2003
66. For the equation s3 4s2 þ s þ 6 ¼ 0; the number of roots in the left half of the s-plane will be:
(a) Zero (b) One
(c) Two (d) Three
½GATE (EE) 2004
Chapter 6
1. Which one of the following application software is used to obtain an accurate root locus plot?
(a) LISP (b) MATLAB
(c) dBASE (d) Oracle
½IES (EC) 2003
2. Despite the presence of a negative feedback, control systems still have problems of instability
because the:
(a) Components used have nonlinearities.
(b) Dynamic equations of the subsystems are not known exactly.
(c) Mathematical analysis involves approximations.
(d) The system has a large negative phase angle at high frequencies.
½GATE (EC) 2005
3. The open-loop transfer function of unity-feedback control system is

K
GðsÞ ¼ ; 0<ab
sðs þ aÞðs þ bÞ
The system is stable if:

aþb ab
(a) 0 < K < (b) 0 < K <
ab aþb
a
(c) 0 < K < abða þ bÞ (d) 0 < K < ða þ bÞ
b ½IES (EC) 2000
4. The open-loop transfer function of a unity feedback control system is given by
K ðs þ 2Þ
G ð sÞ ¼
sðs2þ 2s þ 2Þ
The centroid and angles of root locus asymptotes are respectively:

(a) Zero and þ90 ; 90 (b) 2/3 and þ60 ; 60
(c) Zero and þ120 ; 120 (d) 2/3 and 90 ; þ90
½IAS 1993
5. The open-loop transfer function is given by

GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
s2 þ 4s þ 8
Its root locus diagram is
½IAS 1994
6. Which of the following are the features of the breakaway point in the root-locus of a closed-loop control
system with the characteristic equation 1 þ KG1 ðsÞ H1 ðsÞ ¼ 0?
1. It need not always occur only on the real axis.
2. At this point G1 ðsÞ H1 ðsÞ ¼ 0:
dk
3. At this point ¼ 0:
ds
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3
½IES (EC) 1997
7. The root-locus plot of an open-transfer function
K
GHðsÞ ¼
is
½IAS 1996
8. To improve the stability and time response of a control system, poles are often added to the system
transfer function. In this context, which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(a) Zero poles: makes the system stable and slow responding
(b) One pole: makes the system less stable and slow responding
(c) Two poles: makes the system less stable and fast responding
(d) Three poles: makes the system conditionally stable and fast responding
½IAS 1997
9. Consider the following statements regarding root loci:
1. All root loci start from respective poles of G(s) H(s).
2. All root loci end at the respective zeros of G(s) H(s) or go to infinity.
3. The root loci are symmetrical about the imaginary axis of the s-plane.
½IAS 1997
10. If the open-loop transfer function of a feedback system is given by
K
GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
sðs þ 2Þðs þ 2s þ 5Þ
2
then the centroid of the asymptotes will be:

(a) 1, 0 (b) 1, 0
(c) 0, 1 (d) 0, 1
½IAS 1998
11. Consider the following statements regarding the root-locus technique for analyzing linear control
systems:
1. Root-locus is the locus of the roots of the characteristic equation as the closed-loop gain K is
varied from zero to infinity.
2. The number of branches of the root-loci is equal to the number of poles of the open-loop transfer
function.
3. For a particular point in the s-plane to lie on the root-locus, the angle criteria to be satisfied is
ð2I þ 1Þ; where I ¼ 0; 1; 2:
(a) 1 and 2 are correct. (b) 2 and 3 are correct.
(c) 1 and 3 are correct. (d) 1, 2 and 3 are correct.
½IAS 1999
12. Figure P6.25 shows root-loci of the open-loop transfer function G(s)H(s) of a system. Consider the
following inferences drawn from the figure:
1. It has no zero. 2. It is a stable system.
3. It is a second order system.
Which of these inferences are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3
½IAS 2000
jω
s-plane
13. The characteristic equation of a unity-feedback control system is given by s3 þ K1 s2 þ s þ K2 ¼ 0:

Consider the following statements in this regard:
1. For a given value of K1 , all the root-locus branches will terminate at infinity for K2 in the positive
direction.
2. For a given value of K2 , all the root-locus branches will terminate at infinity for the variable K1
in the positive direction.
3. For a given value of K2 , only one root-locus branch will terminate at infinity for the variable K1
in the positive direction.
(a) 1 and 2 are correct (b) 3 alone is correct
(c) 2 alone is correct (d) 1 and 3 are correct
½IES (EE) 1993
14. The transfer function for a system is

K ðs þ 2Þ
GðsÞ ¼ ; k>0
ðs þ 1Þðs þ 3Þðs þ 4Þ
Two branches (loci) of the plot directed along asymptotes are centered at a point:
(a) 3 (b) 4
(c) 2 (d) 1
½IAS 2001
15. The root-locus plot of a system having open-loop transfer function
GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
will have angle of asymptotes as:
(a) 608, 1008 (b) 608, 1808, 3008
(c) 608, 1208, 1808 (d) 608, 908, 1208
½IAS – 2003
16. The intersection of root locus branches with the imaginary axis can be determined by use of:
(a) Nyquist criterion (b) Routh’s criterion
(c) Polar plot (d) None of above
½IES (EE) 1992
17. Which of the following is not necessarily valid for root-locus pattern?
(a) The n finite zeros and m poles are plotted on the s-plane. Then (m – n) indicates the number of
non-finite zeros.
(b) The number of poles gives the number of loci.
(c) A value of s on the real axis is a point on the root locus, if the total number of poles and zeros on the
real axis to the right of the point is even.
(d) There are as many asymptotes as non-finite zeros.
½IES (EE) 1992
18. The root locus of a unity feedback system is shown in Figure P6.26. The open-loop transfer function is
given by:

K K ðs þ 1Þ
(a) (b)
sðs þ 1Þðs þ 2Þ sðs þ 2Þ
K ðs þ 2Þ Ks
(c) (d)
sðs þ 1Þ ðs þ 1Þðs þ 2Þ ½IES (EE) 1993
19. Given the unity-feedback system with
K
G ð sÞ ¼
The root-locus of the system is given by
jω jω
σ σ
(a) (b)
jω jω
σ
σ
(c) (d)
½IES (EE) 2004

20. Figure P6.27 shows the root-locus of open-loop transfer function of a control system
* pole zero origin
PQ ¼ 2:6 ¼ PQ0
RP ¼ 1:4
OR ¼ 2:0
OQ ¼ 1:4 ¼ OQ0
The value of the forward-path gain K at the point P is:
Q jω
R
P σ
(a) 0.2 (b) 1.4

(c) 3.4 (d) 4.8
½IES (EE) 1994
21. For a unity-negative feedback control system, the open-loop transfer function is
K
GðsÞ ¼
The root-locus plot of the system is:
½IES (EC) 1999

22. The closed-loop transfer function of a feedback-control system is given by

CðsÞ K
¼ 2
RðsÞ s þ ð3 þ K Þs þ 2
Which one of the following diagrams represents a root locus diagram of the system for K > 0?
½IES (EE) 1996

23. The open-loop transfer function of a feedback-control system is given by
K ðs þ 2Þ
GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
sðs þ 4Þðs2 þ 4s þ 8Þ
In the root-locus diagram of the system, the asymptotes of the root-loci for large values of K meet at a
point in the s-plane. Which one of the following is the set of coordinates of that point?
(a) (1, 0) (b) (2, 0)
(c) (10/3, 0) (d) (2, 0)
½IES (EE) 1996
24. Consider the following statements with reference to the root loci of the characteristic equation of
unity-feedback control system with an open-loop transfer function of
K ðs þ 1Þðs þ 3Þðs þ 5Þ
GðsÞ ¼
1. Reach locus starts at an open-loop pole and ends either at an open-loop zero or infinity.
2. Reach locus starts at an open-loop pole or infinity and ends at an open-loop zero.
3. There are three separate root loci.
4. There are five separate root loci.
(a) 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1 and 4
½IES (EE) 2003
25. The loop transfer function of a system is given by

GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
sðs þ 25Þ2
The number of loci terminating at infinity is:
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3
½IES (EE) 2003
26. A control system has
K
GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼ ; ð0 < K < Þ
sðs þ 4Þðs2þ 4s þ 20Þ
What is the number of breakaway points in the root locus diagram?
(a) One (b) Two
(c) Three (d) Zero
½IES (EE) 2004
27. An open-loop transfer function of a feedback system has m poles and n zeros (m > n). Consider the
following statements:
1. The number of separate root loci is m.
2. The number of separate root loci is n.
3. The number of root loci approaching infinity is (m n).
4. The number of root loci approaching infinity is (m þ n).
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 4 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 4
½IES (EE) 2005
28. Consider the root-locus diagram (Figure P6.28) of a system and the following statements:
1. The open-loop system is a second-order system.
2. The system is overdamped for K > 1.
3. The system is absolutely stable for all values of K.

(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 2
½IES (EC) 1992
29. A transfer function G(s) has type pole-zero plot, as shown in Figure P6.29. Given that the steady-
state gain is 2, the transfer function G(s) will be given by:
2ðs þ 1Þ 5ðs þ 1Þ
(a) (b)
s2 þ 4s þ 5 s2 þ 4s þ 4
(c) 2 (d)
s þ 4s þ 5 ðs þ 2Þ2

½IES (EC) 1993
30. In the root locus for open-loop transfer function
K ðs þ 6Þ
GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
the breakaway and break-in points are located respectively at:
(a) 2 and 1 (b) 2.47 and 3.77
(c) 4.27 and 7.73 (d) 7.73 and 4.27
½IES (EC) 1994
31. If the open-loop transfer function of the system is
K ðs þ 10Þ
GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
sðs þ 8Þðs þ 16Þðs þ 72Þ
then a closed-loop pole will be located at s ¼ 12 when the value of K is:
(a) 4355 (b) 5760
(c) 9600 (d) 9862
½IES (EC) 1994
32. A unity-feedback system has

K
G ð sÞ ¼
In the root locus, the breakaway point occurs between:
(a) s ¼ 0 and 1 (b) s ¼ 1 and 1
(c) s ¼ 1 and 2 (d) s ¼ 2 and 1
½IES (EC) 1995
33. The loop-transfer function of a feedback control system is given by
K
GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
2
The number of asymptotes of its root loci is:

(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
½IES (EC) 1996
34. Which of the following effects are correct in respect of addition of a pole to the system loop transfer
function?
1. The root locus is pulled to the right.
2. The system response becomes slower.
3. The steady state error increases.
(a) 1 and 2 are correct. (b) 1, 2 and 3 are correct.
(c) 2 and 3 are correct. (d) 1 and 3 are correct.
½IES (EC) 1998
35. The intersection of asymptotes of root-loci of a system with the open-loop transfer function
K
G ð sÞ H ð sÞ ¼
is
(a) 1.44 (b) 1.33
(c) 1.44 (d) 1.33
½IES (EC) 2000
36. The root-locus plot of the system having the loop-transfer function
K
GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
2
has
(a) No breakaway point (b) Three real breakaway points
(c) Only one breakaway point (d) One real and two complex breakaway points
½IES (EC) 2001

37. An open-loop transfer function is given by

K ðs þ 1Þ
GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
sðs þ 2Þðs2 þ 2s þ 2Þ
It has:
(a) One zero at infinity (b) Two zeros at infinity
(c) Three zeros at infinity (d) Four zeros at infinity
½IES (EC) 2001
38. Which of the following is the open-loop transfer function of the root loci shown in
Figure P6.30?
jω
r1
r3 σ
r2
K K
(a) (b)
sðs þ T1 Þ2 ðs þ T1 Þðs þ T2 Þ2
K K
(c) (d) 2
ðs þ T Þ3 s ðsT1 þ 1Þ
½IES (EC) 2002
39. The instrument used for plotting the root locus is called:
(a) Slide rule (b) Spirule
(c) Synchro (d) Selsyn
½IES (EC) 2002
40. A control system has
K ðs þ 1Þ
GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
Root locus of the system can lie on the real axis:
(a) Between s ¼ 1 and s ¼ 3 (b) Between s ¼ 0 and s ¼ 4
(c) Between s ¼ 3 and s ¼ 4 (d) Towards left of s ¼ 4
½IES (EC) 2002
41. Figure P6.31 shows the root locus of a unity-feedback system. The open-loop transfer function of the
system is:
K Ks
(a) (b)
sðs þ 1Þðs þ 2Þ ðs þ 1Þðs þ 2Þ
K ðs þ 1Þ K ðs þ 2Þ
(c) (d)
sðs þ 2Þ sðs þ 1Þ ½IES (EC) 2003
42. The root loci of a feedback control system for large values of s are asymptotic to the straight lines
with angles u to the real axis given by the equation:
ðp zÞ ð2K þ 1Þ
(a) (b)
2K þ 1 pz
2K
(c) 2K(p z) (d) z
p
½IES (EC) 2004
43. Consider the following statements: In root-locus plot, the breakaway points:
1. Need not always be on the real axis alone
2. Must lie on the root loci
3. Must lie between 0 and1
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 2 and 3
½IES (EC) 1999
44. Which of the following is not the property of root loci?
(a) The root locus is symmetrical about jv axis.
(b) They start from the open-loop poles and terminate at the open-loop zeros.
(c) The breakaway points are determined from dK/ds = 0.
(d) Segments of the real axis are part of the root locus, if and only if the total number of real poles
and zeros to their right is odd.
½IES (EC) 1995

45. An open-loop transfer function is given by

K ðs þ 3Þ
sþ5
Its root-loci will be as in
½IES (EC) 1997

46. Given a unity-feedback system with open-loop transfer function
K
GðsÞ ¼
The root locus plot of the system is of the form:
½GATE (EC) 1992

47. If the open-loop transfer function is a ratio of a numerator polynomial of degree m and a denominator
polynomial of degree n, then the integer (n m) represents the number of:
(a) Break-away points (b) Unstable poles
(c) Separate root loci (d) Asymptotes
½GATE (EC) 1994
48. Consider the loop-transfer function
K ðs þ 6Þ
GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
In the root-locus diagram, the centroid will be located at:
(a) 4 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3
½IES (EC) 1999
49. Consider the points s1 ¼ 3 þ j4 and s2 ¼ 3 j2 in the s-plane. Then, for a system with the
open-loop transfer function
K
GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
ðs þ 1Þ4
(a) s1 is on the root locus, but not s2 : (b) s2 is on the root locus, but not s1 :
(c) Both s1 and s2 are on the root locus. (d) Neither s1 nor s2 is on the root locus.
½GATE (EC) 1999
50. Which of the following points is NOT on the root locus of a system with the open-loop transfer
function
K
pffiffiffi
(a) s ¼ j 3 (b) s ¼ 1.5
(c) s ¼ 3 (d) s ¼ 1
½GATE (EC) 2002

51. The root locus of the system
K
has the break-away point located at:
(a) (0.5, 0) (b) (2.548, 0)
(c) (4,0) (d) (0.784, 0)
½GATE (EC) 2003
52. Given
K
the point of intersection of the asymptotes of the root loci with the real axis is:
(a) 4 (b) 1.33
(c) 1.33 (d) 4
½GATE (EC) 2004
53. A unity-feedback system has an open-loop transfer function, GðsÞ ¼ K=s2 : The root loci plot is:
½GATE (EE) 2002

54. Figure P6.32 shows the root-locus plot (location of poles not given) of a third-order system whose
open-loop transfer function is:
K K
(a) 3 (b) 2
s s ðs þ 1Þ
K K
(c) 2 (d) 2
sðs þ 1Þ sðs 1Þ

½GATE (EE) 2005
55. The root-locus plot for an uncompensated unstable system is shown in Figure P6.33. The system is to
be compensated by a compensated zero. The most desirable of the compensating zero would be the
point marked:
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D

½IES (EE) 1997
56. The loop-transfer function GH of a control system is given by
K
GH ¼
sðs þ 1Þðs þ 2Þðs þ 3Þ
Which of the following statements regarding the conditions of the system root loci diagram is/
are correct?
1. There will be four asymptotes.
2. There will be three separate root loci.
3. Asymptotes will intersect at real axis at A ¼ 2=3.
Which of the follwing is the correct answer?
(a) 1 alone (b) 2 alone
(c) 3 alone (d) 1, 2 and 3
½IES (EE) 1998
57. Match List-I with List-II in respect of the open-loop transfer function
K ðs þ 10Þðs2 þ 20s þ 500Þ
GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
sðs þ 20Þðs þ 50Þðs2 þ 4s þ 5Þ
and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List I (Types of loci) List II (Numbers)

A. Separate loci 1. one
B. Loci on the real axis 2. two
C. Asymptotes 3. three
D. Break-away points 4. five
(a) 3 4 2 1 (b) 3 4 1 2
(c) 4 3 1 2 (d) 4 3 2 1
½IES (EE) 1999
58. If the characteristic equation of a closed-loop system is
K
1þ ¼0
the centroid of the asymptotes in root-locus will be:

(a) Zero (b) 2
(c) 1 (d) 2
½IES (EE) 1999
59. The characteristic equation of a linear control system is s2 þ 5Ks þ 10 ¼ 0: The root-loci of the
system for 0 < K < 1 is:
jω jω
K=∞
K=0
K=∞ K = ∞ Re K=0 K=0 Re
K=0 K=∞
(a) (b)
jω jω
K=0 K=∞
Re Re
K=∞ K=∞ K=0 K=0
K=0
K=∞
(c) (d)
½IES (EE) 2000

60. The characteristic equation of a feedback control system is given by s3 þ 5s2 þ ðK þ 6Þs þ K ¼ 0:
In a root-loci diagram, the asymptotes of the root loci for large K meet at a point in the s-plane,
whose coordinates are:
(a) (2, 0) (b) (1, 0)
(c) (2, 0) (d) (3, 0)
½IES (EE) 2001
61. Which of the following are the characteristics of the root locus of
K ðs þ 5Þ
GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
1. It has one asymptote. 2. It has intersection with jv-axis.
3. It has two real axis intersection. 4. It has two zeros at infinity.
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 3
½IES (EE) 2002
Chapter 7
1. A system is described by

0 1 0
X¼ xþ u and Y ¼ ½1 0x
2 3 1
The transfer function is:
1 1
(a) 2 (b)
s þ 2s þ 3 þ 3s þ 1
2s2
1 1
(c) 2 (d) 2
s þ 3s þ 2 3s þ 2s þ 1
[IAS 1995]
2. Consider the single-input system described by the vector-matrix state equation ¼ A ðtÞ þ BuðtÞ;
and the output equation YðtÞ ¼ CðtÞ, where ðtÞ is the state vector, u(t) is the control input and

0 1 0
A¼ ; B¼ ; C ¼ ½1 1
1 2 1
The system is:
(a) Controllable and observable (b) Controllable but unobservable
(c) Uncontrollable but observable (d) Uncontrollable and unobservable
[IAS 1995]
3. Which of the following systems is completely state controllable?

X1 1 0 x1 2 X1 1 0 x1 2
(a) ¼ þ u (b) ¼ þ u
X2 0 2 x2 1 X2 0 2 x2 0

X1 1 0 x1 1 X1 0 0 x1 2
(c) ¼ þ u (d) ¼ þ u
X2 0 1 x2 0 X2 2 2 x2 2
[IAS 1996]
4. A control system is represented as x ¼ AX þ BU, y ¼ CX. Consider the following statements in
this regard:
1. The pair (AB) is controllable implies that the pair (ATBT) is observable.
2. The condition of controllability depends on the matrices A and B of the system.
3. The pair (AC) is observable implies that the pair (ATCT) is controllable.
[IAS 1997]
5. The state representation for a second-order system is given by X1 ¼ x1 þ u, X2 ¼ x1 2x2 þ u.
Consider the following statements regarding the above systems:
1. The system is completely state-controllable.
2. If x1 is the output, then the system is output controllable.
3. If x2 is the output, then the system is output controllable.
Of these statement:
[IAS 1997]
6. Given a system represented by equation

0 1 0
X¼ xþ u; Y ¼ ½ 1 0 x
2 3 1
The equivalent transfer function representation G(s) of the system is:
1 1
(a) GðsÞ ¼ 2 (b) GðsÞ ¼ 2
s þ 5s þ 2 s þ 3s þ 2
3 2
(c) GðsÞ ¼ 2 (d) GðsÞ ¼ 2
s þ 3s þ 2 s þ 2s þ 2 [IES 1993]
7. A nonlinear system cannot be analyzed by Laplace transform because:
(a) It has no zero initial conditions.
(b) The superposition’s law cannot be applied.
(c) Nonlinearity is generally not well defined.
(d) All of the above. [IES 1992]
8. Which of the following statements regarding the state transition matrix is correct?
(a) fð0Þ ¼ 0 (b) fð0Þ ¼ 0 ¼ fð1=tÞ
(c) fðt1 þ t2 Þ ¼ fðt1 Þ þ fðt2 Þ (d) fðt1 t2 Þfðt1 t0 Þ ¼ fðt2 t0 Þ
[IAS 2000]
9. A system G(s) is expressed in the state variable form as x ¼ JX þ Bu, y ¼ CX þ Du. Consider the
following statements with regard to the properties of Jordan canonical matrix J.
1. The diagonal elements of J are poles of G(s).
2. All the elements below the principal diagonal are zeros.
3. All the elements above the principal diagonal are zeros.
Among these statements:
(a) 1 and 3 are correct (b) 1 and 2 are correct
(c) 2 alone is correct (d) 3 alone is correct
[IAS 1999]
10. For
2 3
sþ6 1
6 s þ 6s þ 5
2 s2 þ 6s þ 5 7
fðsÞ ¼ 6
4
7
5
5 s
s2 þ 6s þ 5 s2 þ 6s þ 5
the coefficient matrix A is:

6 5 5 5
(a) (b)
6 0 0 6

6 0 0 1
(c) (d)
5 6 5 6
[IAS 1998]
11. A linear second-order single-input continuous time system is described by the following set of
differential equations:
X1 ¼ 2x1 þ 4x2, X2 ¼ 2x1 x2 u(t)
where x1 and x2 are state variables and u(t) is the input. The system is:
(a) Controllable and stable (b) Controllable but unstable
(b) Uncontrollable and unstable (d) Uncontrollable but stable
[IAS 1998]
12. The second-order system X ¼ AX has

1 1
A¼
1 0
The values of its damping factor x and natural frequency on are respectively:
(a) 1 and 1 (b) 0.5 and 1
(c) 0.707 and 2 (d) 1 and 2
[IES 1996]
13. Which of the following properties are associated with the state transition matrix (t)?
1. fðtÞ ¼ f1 ðtÞ
2. fðt1 =t2 Þ ¼ fðt1 Þ f1 ðt2 Þ
3. fðt1 þ t2 Þ ¼ fðt2 Þ fðt1 Þ
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3
[IES 1996]
14. The state variable description of a single-input single-output linear system is given by: XðtÞ ¼
AXðtÞ þ buðtÞ and yðtÞ ¼ CXðtÞ; where

1 1 0
A¼ ; B¼ ; C ¼ ½ 1 1
2 0 1
The system is:
(a) Controllable and observable (b) Controllable but on observable
(c) Uncontrollable but observable (d) Uncontrollable and unobservable
[IES 1996]
15. A system is described by state equation

X1 2 0 x1 1
¼ þ u
X2 0 2 x2 1
The state transition matrix of the system is:
2t
e 1 e2t 0
(a) (b)
0 e2t 0 et
2t 2t
e 1 e 1
(c) (d)
0 e2t 0 e2t
[IES 1994]
16. The state equation of a system is

0 1 0
X¼ Xþ u
20 9 1
The poles of this system are located at:
(a) 1, 9 (b) 1, 20
(c) 4, 5 (d) 9, 20
[IES 1995]
17. The system matrix of a continuous-time system, described in the state variable form, is
2 3
x 0 0
4
A¼ 0 y 1 5
0 1 2
The system is stable for all values of x and y satisfying:
1 1 1
(a) x < ; y > (b) x > ; y > 0
2 2 2
1
(c) x < 0; y < 2 (d) x < 0; y <
2 [IES 1993]
18. The state representation of a second-order system is x1 ¼ x1 þ u, x2 ¼ x1 2x2 þ u. Consider the
following statements regarding the above system:
1. The system is completely state controllable.
2. If x1 is the output, then the system is completely output controllable.
Of these statements
[IES 1993]
19. The state space representation of a system is given by:

1 0 1 1
X¼ Xþ u and Y ¼ X
0 2 0 1
Then the transfer function of the system is:

1 1
(a) 2 (b)
s þ 3s þ 2 sþ2
s 1
(c) 2 (d)
s þ 3s þ 2 sþ1 [IES 2003]
20. Consider the following statements with respect to a system represented by its state space model X ¼
AX þ BU and Y ¼ CX:
1. The static vector X of the system is unique.
2. The eigen values of A are the poles of the system transfer function.
3. The minimum number of state variables required is equal to the number of independent energy
storage elements in the system.
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2, and 3
[IES 2003]
21. A certain linear time invariant system has the state and the output equations given below:

X1 1 1 x1 0 x
¼ þ u; Y ¼ ½1 1 1
X2 0 1 x2 1 x2

If x1 ð0Þ ¼ 1; x2 ð0Þ ¼ 1; uð0Þ ¼ 0 then dy
dt t¼0 is:
(a) 1 (b) 1
(c) 0 (d) None of above
[GATE 1997]
22. A linear discrete-time system has the characteristic equation z3 0.81z ¼ 0. The system:
(a) Is stable
(b) Is marginally stable
(c) Is unstable
(d) Stability cannot be accessed from the given information
[GATE 1992]
23. A linear time-invariant system is described by the state variable model

X1 1 0 x1 0 x
¼ þ u ½1 2 1
X2 0 2 x2 1 x2
(a) The system is completely controllable.

(b) The system is not completely controllable.
(c) The system is not completely observable.
(d) The system is not completely observation.
[GATE 1992]
24. A linear second-order single-input continuous time system is described by the following set of
differential equations:
X1 ðtÞ ¼ 2x1 ðtÞ þ 4x2 ðtÞ; X2 ðtÞ ¼ 2x1 ðtÞ x2 ðtÞ þ 4ðtÞ
where x1 ðtÞ and x2 ðtÞ are the state variables and u(t) is the control variable. The system is:
(a) Controlled and stable (b) Controlled but unstable
(c) Uncontrolled and unstable (d) Uncontrolled but stable
[GATE 1992]
25. A system described by

X1 0 1 x1
¼
X2 1 1 x2
To test its stability by Lyapunov’s method, the following V-functions are considered:
V1 ¼ 2x12 þ x22 ; V2 ¼ x12 þ x22
Which of these V-functions are suitable in this case?
(a) Only V1 (b) Only V2
(c) Both V1 and V2 (d) Neither V1 nor V2
[IES 1993]
26. The transfer function of a zero-order-hold system is:
(a) ð1=sÞ ð1 þ esT Þ (b) ð1=sÞ ð1 esT Þ
(c) 1 ð1=sÞesT (d) 1 þ ð1=sÞesT
[GATE 1998]
27. Given

1 0
A¼
0 1
the state transition matrix eAt is given by:

0 et et 0
(a) t (b)
e 0 0 et

et 0 0 et
(c) (d)
0 et et 0
[GATE 2004]
28. The state variable equations of a system are X1 ¼ 3x1 x2 þ u; X2 ¼ 2x1 ; Y ¼ x1 þ u: The
system is:
(a) Controllable but not observable (b) Observable but not controllable
(c) Neither controllable nor observable (d) Controllable and observable
[GATE 2004]
29. The zero-input response of a system given by the state-space equation

x1 1 0 x1 x1 ð0Þ 1
¼ and ¼
x2 1 1 x2 x2 ð0Þ 0
is
t
te t e
(a) (b)
t t
t
e t
(c) (d)
te t te t
[GATE 2003]
30. The transfer function y(s)/u(s) of a system described by the state equations xðtÞ ¼ 2xðtÞ þ 2uðtÞ
and yðtÞ ¼ 0:5xðtÞ is:
0:5 1
(a) (b)
s2 s2
0:5 1
(c) (d)
sþ2 sþ2 [GATE 2002]
31. For the system described by the state equation
2 3 2 3
0 1 0 0
x ¼ 4 0 0 1 5x þ 4 0 5u
0:5 1 2 1
If the control signal u is given by u ¼ ½0:5 3 5x þ v; the eigen values of the closed-loop
system will be:
(a) 0, 1, 2 (b) 0, 1, 3
(c) 1, 1, 2 (d) 0, 1, 1
[GATE 1999]
32. The system model described by the state equations is

0 1 0
X¼ xþ u; Y ¼ ½1 1x
2 3 1
(a) Controllable and observable (b) Controllable but not observable
(c) Observable but not controllable (d) Neither controllable nor observable
[GATE 1999]
33. A system is described by a state equation X ¼ AX þ BU. The output is given by Y ¼ CX, where

4 1 1
A¼ ; B¼ ; C ¼ ½1 0
3 1 1
Transfer function G(s) of the system is:
s 1
(a) 2 (b)
s þ 5s þ 7 s2 þ 5s þ 7
s 1
(c) (d)
s2 þ 3s þ 2 s2 þ 3s þ 2 [GATE 1995]
34. The eigen values of the matrix

a 1
a 1
are:
(a) ða þ 1Þ; 0 (b) a; 0
(c) ða 1Þ; 0 (d) 0; 0
[GATE 1994]
35. The matrix of any state-space equations for the transfer function CðsÞ=RðsÞ of the system, shown in
Figure P7.17, is

1 0 0 1
(a) (b)
0 1 0 1
(c) ½1 (d) ½3

[GATE 1994]
36. The transfer function for the state variable representation X ¼ AX þ Bu, Y ¼ CX þ Du is
given by:
(a) D þ CðsI AÞ1 B (b) BðsI AÞ1 C þ D
(c) DðsI AÞ1 B þ C (d) CðsI AÞ1 D þ B
[GATE 1993]
37. Consider a seconds order system whose state-space representation is of the form X ¼ AX þ Bu. If
x1 ðtÞ ¼ x2 ðtÞ, the system is:
(a) Controllable (b) Uncontrollable
(c) Observable (d) Unstable
[GATE 1993]
38. A linear system is described by the following state equation XðtÞ ¼ AXðtÞ þ BUðtÞ; where

0 1
A¼
1 0
The state-transition matrix of the system is:

cos t sin t cos t sin t
(a) (b)
sin t cos t sin t cos t

cos t sin t cos t sin t
(c) (d)
sin t cos t cos t sin t
[GATE 2006]
39. A system with input x[n] and output y[n] is given as

5
y½n ¼ sin pn x½n
6
The system is:
(a) Linear, stable and invertible (b) Nonlinear, stable and non-invertible
(c) Linear, stable and non-invertible (d) Linear, unstable and invertible
[GATE 2006]
40. The eigen value of the system represented by
2 3
0 1 0 0
60 0 1 07
X¼6 40 0
7X
0 15
0 0 0 1
are:
(a) 0, 0, 0, 0 (b) 1, 1, 1, 1
(c) 0, 0, 0, 1 (d) 1, 0, 0, 0
[GATE 2002]
41. For the system

2 3 1
X¼ Xþ u
0 5 0
which of the following statements is true?
(a) The system is controllable but unstable(b) The system is uncontrollable and unstable
(c) The system is controllable and stable (d) The system is uncontrollable and stable
[GATE 2002]
42. The equation in Objective Question 41 may be organized in the state-space form as follows
2 2 3
d o " #
6 dt2 7 do
6 7
4 do 5 ¼ P dt þ QVa
o
dt
where the P matrix is given by:
2 3 2 3
B K 2 K 2 B
6 LJ 7 6 J 7
(a) 4 J 5 (b) 4 LJ 5
1 0 0 1
2 3 2 3
0 1 1 0
(c) 4 K 2 B 5 (d) 4 B K 2 5
LJ J J LJ
[GATE 2003]
43. The state transition matrix for the system X ¼ AX with initial state X(0) is:
(a) ðsI AÞ1 (b) eAt ð0Þ
(c) Laplace inverse of ðsI AÞ1 (d) Laplace inverse of ðsI AÞ1 ð0Þ
[GATE 2002]
44. The state variable description of a linear autonomous system is X ¼ AX, where X is the
two-dimensional state vector, and A is the system matrix given by

0 2
A¼
2 0
The roots of the characteristic equation are:
(a) 2 and þ2 (b) j2 and þj2
(c) 2 and 2 (d) þ2 and þ2
[GATE 2004]
45. For the matrix
2 3
3 2 2
P ¼ 40 2 15
0 0 1
one of the eigen values is equal to 2. Which of the following is an eigen vector?
2 3 2 3
3 3
(a) 4 2 5 (b) 4 2 5
1 1
2 3 2 3
1 2
(c) 4 2 5 (d) 4 5 5
3 0
[GATE 2005]
46. If
2 3
1 0 1
R ¼ 42 1 1 5
2 3 2
then the top view of R1 is:
(a) ½ 5 6 4 (b) ½ 5 3 1
(c) ½ 2 0 1 (d) ½ 2 1 1=2
[GATE 2005]
47. For a system with the transfer function

3ðs 2Þ
HðsÞ ¼
4s2 2s þ 1
the matrix A in the state-space form X ¼ AX þ Bu is equal to:
2 3 2 3
1 0 0 0 1 0
(a) 4 0 1 05 (b) 4 0 0 15
1 2 4 1 2 4
2 3 2 3
0 1 0 1 0 0
(c) 4 3 2 15 (d) 4 0 0 15
1 2 4 1 2 4
[GATE 2006]
48. A linear system is described by the state equations

X1 1 0 x1 0
¼ þ r; C ¼ x2
X2 1 1 x2 1
where r and C are the input and output respectively. The transfer function is:
1 1
(a) (b)
sþ1 ðs þ 1Þ2
1 1
(c) (d)
s1 ðs 1Þ2
[IES 1997]
49. Consider the following state equations for a discrete system:

x1 K þ 1 1=2 0 x1 ðK Þ 1
¼ þ uðK Þ;
x2 K þ 1 1=4 1=4 x2 ðK Þ 1

x1 ðK Þ
yðK Þ ¼ ½ 1 1 4uðK Þ
x2 ðK Þ
The system given above is:
(a) Controllable and observable (b) uncontrollable and unobservable
(c) Uncontrollable and observable (d) Controllable and unobservable
[IES 1997]
50. The state and output equations of a system are as under:

x1 ðtÞ 0 1 x1 ðtÞ 0
State equation : ¼ þ uðtÞ
x2 ðtÞ 1 2 x2 ðtÞ 1

x ðtÞ
Output equation : CðtÞ ¼ ½ 1 1 1
x2 ðtÞ
The system is:

a. Neither state controllable nor output controllable
b. State controllable but not output controllable
c. Output controllable but not state controllable
d. Both state controllable and output controllable
[IES 1998]
51. A linear time-invariant system is described by the following dynamic equation:

dxðtÞ
¼ AxðtÞ þ BuðtÞ; yðtÞ ¼ CsðtÞ
dt
where

0 1 0
A¼ ; B¼ ; C ¼ ½1 1
2 3 1
The system is:
(a) Both controllable and observable (b) Controllable, but not observable
(c) Observable, but not controllable (d) None of the above
[IES 2002]
52. The state-space representation in a phase-variable form for the transfer function
2s þ 1
GðsÞ ¼
s2 þ 7s þ 9
is
0 1 0 1 0 0
(a) x ¼ xþ u; y ¼ ½ 1 2 x (b) x ¼ xþ u; y ¼ ½ 0 1 x
9 7 1 9 7 1

9 0 0 9 7 0
(c) x ¼ xþ u; y ¼ ½ 2 0 x (d) x ¼ xþ u; y ¼ ½ 1 2 x
0 7 1 1 0 1
[IES 2002]
53. The asymptotic approximation of the log magnitude versus frequency plot of a minimum phase
system with real poles and one zero is shown in Figure P7.18.
dB
–40 dB/dec
54
–60 dB/dec
–40 dB/dec
–60 dB/dec
0.1 2 5 25 rad/sec
Figure P7.18 Closed-loop poles and response: a. stable system; b. unstable system.
Its transfer function is:

(a) (b)
sðs þ 2Þ ðs þ 25Þ ðs þ 2Þ2 ðs þ 25Þ
(c) (d)
s2 ðs þ 2Þ ðs þ 25Þ s2 ðs þ 2Þ ðs þ 25Þ
[GATE (EE) 2001]
54. The Bode plot shown in Figure P7.19 has GðjoÞ as:
100 100
(a) (b)
joð1 þ j0:5oÞð1 þ j0:1oÞ joð2 þ joÞð10 þ joÞ
10 10
(c) (d)
joð1 þ 2joÞð1 þ 10joÞ joð1 þ 0:5joÞð1þ0:1joÞ
[IES (EE) 1999]

55. The system, with the Bode magnitude plot, shown in Figure P7.20, has the transfer function:
1
60 x (t) s+1 y (t)
40
20
ω
0 0.01 0.05 0.1

60ðs þ 0:01Þðs þ 0:1Þ 10ð1 þ 10sÞ

(a) (b)
s2 ðs þ 0:05Þ2 sð1 þ 20sÞ
3ðs þ 0:05Þ 5ðs þ 0:1Þ

(c) (d)
sðs þ 0:1Þðs þ 1Þ sðs þ 0:05Þ
[GATE (EE) 1991]
56. A system has 14 poles and 2 zeros. The slope of its highest frequency asymptote in its magnitude
plot is:
(a) 40 dB=decade (b) 240 dB=decade
(c) 280 dB=decade (d) 320 dB=decade
[IES (EE) 2000]
57. Consider the Bode-magnitude plot shown in Figure P7.21.
The transfer function HðsÞ is:

sþ10 10ðsþ1Þ
(a) (b)
ðsþ1Þðs þ 100Þ ðsþ1Þðs þ 100Þ
102 ðsþ1Þ 103 ðsþ100Þ
(c) (d)
ðsþ10Þðs þ 100Þ ðsþ1Þðs þ 10Þ
[GATE (EC) 2004]
58. In the Bode plot of a unity-feedback control system, the value of phase of G(jo) at the gain crossover
frequency is 125 , the phase margin of the system is:
(a) 125 (b) 55
(c) 55 (d) 125
[GATE (EC) 1998]
59. Non-minimum phase-transfer function is defined as the transfer function, which has:
(a) Zeros in the right-hand s-plane (b) Zeros only in the right-half s-plane
(c) Poles in the right-half s-plane (d) Poles in the left-half s-plane
[GATE (EC) 1995]
60. The 3-dB bandwidth of a typical second-order system given by with the transfer function
CðsÞ o2n
¼ 2
RðsÞ s tþ2xon sþo2n
is
qffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi rffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
qffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
(a) on ¼ 1 2x2 (b) on ¼ ð1 2x Þþ x4 x2 þ1
2
rffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
qffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi rffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
qffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
(c) on ¼ ð1 2x2 Þþ 4x4 4x2 þ2 (d) on ¼ ð1 2x2 Þþ 4x4 4x2 þ 2
[GATE (EC) 1994]
61. The log-magnitude Bode plot of non-minimum system is shown in Figure P7.22.
Its transfer function is given by:

s 10 s þ 10
(a) GðsÞ ¼ (b) GðsÞ ¼
s þ 100 s 100
s 10 s þ 10
(c) GðsÞ ¼ (d) GðsÞ ¼
1 100 s þ 100
[IES (EC) 1997]
62. For the minimum phase system to be stable:

(a) Phase margin should be negative and gain margin should be positive.
(b) Phase margin should be positive and gain margin should be negative.
(c) Both phase margin and gain margin should be positive.
(d) Both phase margin and gain margin should be negative.
[IES (EC) 2005]
63. With negative feedback in a closed-loop control system, the system sensitivity to parameter
variations:
(a) Increases (b) Decreases
(c) Becomes zero (d) Becomes infinite
[IES (EC) 2005]
64. Consider the following statements regarding the frequency response of a system as shown in Figure
P7.23
1. The type of the system is one.
2. o3 ¼ static error coefficient (numerically).
3. o2 ¼ ðo1 þ o2 Þ=2:
Magnitude (db)
20 db/dec
40 db/dec
0 ω1 ω2 ω3
log

(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3
[IES (EC) 2003]
65. A system with zero initial conditions has the closed-loop transfer function
s2 þ 4
T ð sÞ ¼
ðsþ1Þðsþ4Þ
The system output is zero at frequency:
(a) 0.5 rad/sec (b) 1 rad/sec
(c) 2 rad/sec (d) 4 rad/sec
[GATE (EE) 2001]
66. The forward-path transfer function of a unity-feedback system is given by

100
GðsÞ ¼
s2 þ10sþ100
The frequency response of the system will exhibit the resonance peak at:
(a) 10 rad/s (b) 8.66 rad/s
(c) 7.07 rad/s (d) 5 rad/s
[IES (EC) 2004]
67. A second-order overall transfer function is given by
4
s2 þ2sþ4
Its resonant frequency is:
pffiffiffi
(a)p
2ffiffiffi (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 3
[IES (EC) 1997]
68. Consider the following statements associated with phase and gain margins:
1. They are a measure of closeness of the polar plot to the 1 þ j0 point.

2. For a non-minimum phase to be stable, it must have positive phase and gain margins.
3. For a minimum phase system to be stable, both the margin must be positive.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 1 alone
[IES (EC) 2002]
69. An open-loop transfer function of a unity-feedback control system has two finite zeros, two poles at
origin and two pairs of complex conjugate poles. The slope of high-frequency asymptote in a Bode
magnitude plot will be
(a) þ40 dB/decade (b) 0 dB/decade
(c) 40 dB/decade (d) 80 dB/decade
[IES (EC) 2001]
70. The phase angle for the transfer function
1
GðsÞ ¼
ð1þsT Þ3
at the corner frequency is
(a) 458 (b) 908
(c) 1358 (d) 2708
[IES (EC) 1998]
List I (Transfer functions) List II (Description)
1 s
A. 1. Non-minimum phase system
1þs
1þs
B. 2. Minimum phase system
ð1þsÞð1 þ 2sÞð1 þ 3sÞ
1 3s
C. 3. All phase system
ð1 þ 4sÞð1 þ 2sÞð1þsÞ
Codes A B C A B C
(a) 1 3 2 (b) 3 2 1
(c) 3 1 2 (d) 2 1 3
[IES (EC) 1995]
72. What is the slope change at o ¼ 10 of the magnitude vs. frequency characteristic of a unity-feedback
system with the following open-loop transfer function?
5ð1þj0:1oÞ
GðjoÞ ¼
joð1þj0:5oÞ 1þj0:6ðo=50Þþðjo=50Þ2
(a) 40 dB/dec to 20 dB/dec (b) 40 dB/dec to 20 dB/dec

(c) 20 dB/dec to 40 dB/dec (d) 40 dB/dec to 20 dB/dec
[IES (EC) 1995]
73. The magnitude plot for a minimum phase function is shown in the given Figure P7.24.
The phase plot for this function:

(a) Cannot be uniquely determined
(b) Will be monotonically increasing from 08 to 1808
(c) Will be monotonically decreasing from 1808 to 08

(d) Will be monotonically decreasing from 1808 to 908
[IES (EC) 1995]
74. For the second-order transfer function
4
T ð sÞ ¼
s2 þ 2s þ 4
the maximum resonance peak will be:

pffiffiffi
(a) 4 (b) 4=p3ffiffiffi
(c) 2 (d) 2= 3
[IES (EC) 1994]
75. A linear state time-invariant system is forced with an input xðtÞ ¼ A sin ot under steady-state
conditions (see Figure P7.25),
x(t) G(s) y(t)
the output y(t) of the system will be:

(a) A sin ðot þ xÞ; where x ¼ tan1 jGðjoÞj (b) jGðjoÞjA sin½ot þ ffGðjoÞ
(c) jGðjoÞjA sin½2ot þ ffGðjoÞ (d) AGðjoÞ sin½ot þ ffGðjoÞ
[IES (EC) 1993]
76. Consider the following statements with regard to the bandwidth of a closed-loop system:
1. In a system, where the low-frequency magnitude is 0 dB on the Bode diagram, the bandwidth is
measured at the 3-dB frequency.
2. The bandwidth of the closed-loop control system is a measurement of the range of fidelity of
response of the systems.
3. The speed of response to a step input is proportional to the bandwidth.
4. The system with the larger bandwidth provides a slower step response and lower fidelity ramp
response.
Which of the statements give above are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1, 2 and 4
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 2, 3 and 4
[IES (EE) 2005]
77. The Bode phase angle plot of a system is shown in Figure P7.26.
The type of the system is:

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3
[IES (EE) 2003]
78. Which one of the following transfer functions represents the Bode plot, as shown in Figure P7.27?
1 s 1
(a) G ¼ (b) G ¼
1þ s ð1þ sÞ2
1 1
(c) G ¼ 2 (d) G ¼
s sð1þ sÞ
0 db
ω =1
90°
–180°
ω=1
[IES (EE) 1993]

79. The Bode plot of the transfer function GðsÞ ¼ s is:
(a) Zero magnitude and phase shift
(b) Constant magnitude and constant phase-shift angle
(c) 20 dB/decade and phase shift of p=2
(d) 20 dB/decade and constant phase-shift angle
[IES (EE) 1992]
80. A minimum phase unity-feedback system has a Bode plot with a constant slope of 20 dB/decade for
all frequencies. What is the value of the maximum phase margin for the system?
(a) 08 (b) 908
(c) 908 (d) 1808
[IES (EE) 2004]
81. A decade frequency range is specified by:

(a) o1 =o2 ¼ 2 (b) o1 =o2 ¼ 10
(c) o1 =o2 ¼ 8 (d) None of the above
[IES (EE) 1992]
82. Which one of the following is the minimum phase transfer function corresponds to Bode magnitude
plot, as shown in the Figure P7.28?
Magnitude
20 db/dec
ω =2 Frequency
1
(a) (b) 2s þ 1
2sþ1
1 1
(c) (d) sþ1
ðs=2Þ þ 1 2 [IAS 2004]
83. The open-loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is given as

1
GðsÞ ¼
sþ1
The bandwidth for this system, under open-loop and closed-loop operations, are respectively:
(a) 0.5 andp
1.0
ffiffiffiffiffiffirad/s
ffi (b) 1.0 and 0.5 rad/s
(c)1.0 and 2:0 (d) 2.0 and 1.0 rad/s
[IAS 2004]
84. The magnitude plot for a transfer function is shown in Figure P7.29. What is the steady-state error
corresponding to a unit-step input?

(a) 1=101 (b) 1=100
(c) 1=41 (d) 1=40
[IES (EC) 1995]
85. Loop gain versus phase plot is known as:
(a) Nyquist plot (b) Bode plot
(c) Nichol’s chart (d) Inverse Nyquist plot
[IAS 2002]
86. The transfer function of a system is given by
k 1
GðjoÞ ; k<
ðjoÞðjoTþ1Þ T
Which one of the following (Figure P7.30) is the Bode plot of this function?

[IES (EE) 1998]
87. The frequency response for a network function H(s) is given in Figure P7.31.
|H( j ω)| db
20
–20 db/dec
ω (rad/s)
H(s) is given by:

s 10s
(a) (b)
sþ1 sþ1
10 1
(c) (d)
sþ1 sðsþ1Þ [IAS 2003]
88. Consider the following statements regarding the transfer function G(s) plotted in Figure P7.32:
20 log10 |G( j ω )|
40
20
0.1 1 10 100 ω (rad)
1. G(s) has corner frequencies at o ¼ 0:1, 1 and 10.

100ðsþ1Þ
2. GðsÞ ¼ :
sðsþ10Þ
3. The magnitude of 20 log10 jGðjoÞj at o ¼ 1000 is 20 dB.
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3
[IAS 2000]
89. The magnitude of a transfer function is shown in Figure P7.33.
db –6 db/octane
6 db
–6 db/octane
0.1 2 10 ω 2 (log scale)
The transfer function in question is:

s
s
4 1þ 4s 1þ
(a)
2 2
s (b) s
s 1þ 1þ
10 10
4ð1 þ 2sÞ 4sð1 þ 2sÞ
(c) (d)
sð1 þ 10sÞ 1 þ 10s
[IES (EC) 1998]
90. Straight line asymptotic Bode-magnitude plot for a certain system is shown in Figure P7.34.
What will be its transfer function?
db
4 10
0
ω
20 db/dec –40 db/dec

s
4s 4 1þ
(a)
4
s
s 2
(b)
s 2
1þ 1þ 1þ
4 10 10
0:25 0:25s
(c)
s
s (d)
s
s 2
1þ 1þ 1þ 1þ [IAS 1997]
4 10 4 10
91. Bode plots of an open-loop transfer function of a control system are shown in Figure P7.35.
Gain
(db)
0 K ω
Phase
(degrees)
90°
180°
ω
270°
The gain margin of the system is:
(a) K (b) K
(c) 1=K (d) 1=K
[IAS 1996]
92. For asymptotic Bode plot (dB versus log) of a transfer function with a factor of the form
1
s2 þ2xon sþs2n
the corner frequency, slope in dB/dec and error at the corner frequency will be respectively
(a) xon , þ 40 and error is x dependent
(b) on , 40 and error x is dependent
(c) xon , þ20 and 3 dB
(d) on , 20 and þdB
[IAS 1994]
93. GA ðjoÞ,GB ðjoÞ and Gc ðjoÞ are three transfer functions whose phase variations are shown in
Figure P7.36. The magnitude variation with respect to frequency is the same for both GA ðjoÞ and
Gc ðjoÞ; but the phase variation is as indicated by the curves labeled A and C in the figure. The
transfer function GB ðjoÞ is such that xC ðjoÞ ¼ xA ðjoÞ þ wB ðjoÞ:
GA, GB and GC are respectively:

(a) Minimum-phase, all pass and non-minimum phase functions
(b) Minimum-phase, non-minimum phase and all pass functions
(c) All-pass, minimum phase and non-minimum phase functions
(d) All-pass, non-minimum phase and minimum phase functions
[IAS 1994]
94. In the system shown in Figure P7.37, r ðtÞ ¼ sin o t:
r(t) + 16 c(t)
s(s + 4)
-
The steady-state response, c(t), will exhibit a resonance peak at a frequency of:
pffiffiffi
(a) 4 rad=s (b) p
2 ffiffiffi2 rad=s
(c) 2 rad=s (d) 2 rad=s
[IAS 1993]
95. A system has 12 poles and 2 zeros. Its high frequency asymptote in its magnitude plot has a slope of:
(a) 200 dB/decade (b) 240 dB/decade
(c) 280 dB/decade (d) 320 dB/decade
½IES (EC) 1992
96. The root-locus of a unity-feedback system is shown in Figure P7.38. The open-loop transfer function
of the system is:
K K ðs þ 1Þ
(a) (b)
sðs þ 1Þðs þ 3Þ sðs þ 3Þ
K ðs þ 3Þ Ks
(c) (d)
sðs þ 1Þ ðs þ 1Þðs þ 3Þ
Im
s-plane
−3 −2 −1

½IES (EE) 1999
97. The Nyquist plot of an open-loop system with the transfer function
sþ2
GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
ðs þ 1Þðs 1Þ
will be of the form:
2 2
(a) (b)
2 2
(c) (d)
½IAS 1994
98. The Nyquist plot of an open-loop stable system is shown in Figure P7.39. If (1, 0) point is as
indicated in the figure, then the closed loop system will be:
(a) Unstable with two RHP poles (b) Stable
(c) Unstable with one pole in RHP (d) Unstable with three poles in RHP
ω = 0−
(−1, 0)
ω=∞
+
ω=0

½IAS 1995
List I (Nyquist plot) List II (Transfer function)
A. K
1.
ð1 þ sT1 Þð1 þ sT2 Þ
K
B. 2.
ð1 þ sT1 Þð1 þ sT2 Þð1 þ sT3 Þ
K
C. 3.
1 þ sT1
K
D. 4.
sð1 þ sT1 Þ
(a) 4 3 1 5 (b) 3 1 2 5
(c) 4 1 2 5 (d) 1 2 3 4
½IAS 1995
100. Consider the following Nyquist plot (Figure P7.40). The feedback system will be stable, if and only if
the critical point lies in the region:
(a) I (OP) (b) II (PQ)
(c) III (QR) (d) IV (R to minus infinity)
½IES (EC) 1998
101. The gain margin of a unity-negative feedback system having forward-transfer function
K
sðsT þ 1Þ
is
(a) Infinity (b) KT
(c) 1 (d) Zero
½IAS 2001
102. The Nyquist plot of a system passes through the (1, j0) point in the GH plane. The phase margin of
the system is:
(a) >0 (b) Zero
(c) <0 (d) Infinite
½IAS 2002
103. The 3-dB cut-off frequency of a first-order low-pass filter is oc . If the input signal is 0.5 sin oc t; the
output will have a phase shift of:
(a) 45 (b) 90
(c) 45 (d) 90
½IAS 2004
104. Consider the following statements:

1. Nyquist criterion is in frequency domain.
2. Bode plot is in frequency domain.
3. Root-locus plot is in time domain.
4. Routh Hermitz’s criterion is in time domain.
Which of the following is correct?

(a) 1, 2 and 3 are correct. (b) 2, 3 and 4 are correct.
(c) 1 and 2 are correct. (d) All four are correct.
½IES (EE) 1992
105. The advantages of the Nyquist stability test are:

(a) It guides in stabilizing an unstable system.
(b) It enables to predict closed-loop stability from open-loop results.
(c) It is applicable to experimental results of frequency response to open-loop system.
(d) All of the above
½IES (EE) 1992
106. Which of the following is used for the Nyquist plot?

(a) Pole zero plot (b) Closed-loop function
(c) Open-loop function (d) Characteristic equation
½IES (EE) 1992
107. The constant M-circles corresponding to the magnitude (M) of the closed-loop transfer of a linear
system for values of M greater than one lie in the G-plane and to the:
(a) Right of the M = 1 line (b) Left of the M = 1 line
(c) Upper side of the M = +j1 line (d) Lowe side of the M = j1 line
½IES (EE) 1992
108. Consider the Nyquist diagram (Figure P7.41) for given KG(s)H(s). The transfer function KG(s)H(s)
has no poles and zeros in the right half of the plane. If (1, j0) point is located first in region I and then
in region II, the change in stability of the system will be from:
(a) Unstable to stable (b) Stable to stable
(c) Unstable to unstable (d) Stable to unstable
Im
Real

½IES (EE) 2002
109. The Nyquist plot (Figure P7.42) of a control system is shown below. For this system, H(s) is equal to:
K K
(a) (b)
sð1 þ sT1 Þ s2 ð1 þ sT1 Þ
K K
(c) 3 (d)
s ð1 þ sT1 Þð1 þ sT2 Þ s2 ð1 þ sT1 Þð1 þ sT2 Þ
½IES (EE) 2003
110. The Nyquist plot for the closed-loop control system with the loop transfer function
100
sðs þ 10Þ
is plotted. Then the critical point (1, j0) is:
(a) Never enclosed (b) Enclosed under certain conditions
(c) Just touched (d) Enclosed
½IES (EE) 2004
111. Consider the following Nyquist of a feedback system having open-transfer function
sþ1
GHðsÞ ¼ 2
s ðs 2Þ
as shown in Figure P7.42. What is then number of closed-loop poles in the right half of the s-plane?
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3
½IES (EE) 2004
112. Consider the following statements for a counter-clockwise Nyquist path:

1. For a stable closed-loop system, the Nyquist plot of G(s)H(s) should encircle (1, j0) point as many
times as there are poles of G(s)H(s) in the right half of the s-plane, the encirclements, if there are any,
must be made in the counter-clockwise direction.
2. If the loop-gain function G(s)H(s) is a stable function, for a stable closed-loop system is always
stable.
3. If the loop gain function G(s)H(s) is a stable function. For a stable closed-loop system, the Nyquist
plot of G(s)H(s) must not enclose the critical point (1, j0).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2
(c) 1 and 3 (d) only 3
½IES (EE) 2004
113. Match List I (Nyquist plot of loop-transfer function of a control system) with List II (Gain margin in
dB), and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.
List I List II
A. Does not intersect the axis between 0 and 1. >0
(1, j0)
B. Intersects the negative real axis 2. 1
between 0 and (1, j0)
C. Passes through (1, j0) 3. < 0

D. Encloses (1, j0) 4. 0
(a) 2 4 1 3 (b) 3 1 4 2
(c) 2 1 4 3 (d) 3 4 1 2
½IES (EE) 2005
114. The open-loop transfer function of a unity-negative feedback system is

G ð sÞ ¼
The polar plot of the system is:
½IES (EC) 1999

115. The effect of adding poles and zeroes can be determined quickly by:
(a) Nicholas chart (b) Nyquist plot
(c) Bode plot (d) Root locus
½IES (EC) 1992
116. The polar plot of a transfer function passes through the critical point (1, 0). The gain margin is:
(a) Zero (b) 1 dB
(c) 1 dB (d) Infinity
½IES (EE) 1999]
117. The polar plot of

10
GðsÞ ¼
sðs þ 1Þ2
intercepts the real axis at o ¼ o0 . Then, the real parts and o0 are respectively given by:
(a) 5, 1 (b) 2.5, 1
(c) 5, 0.5 (d) 5, 2
½IES (EC) 1992
118. For the transfer function
1
GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
sðs þ 1Þð1 þ 0:5sÞ
the phase cross-over frequency is:
(a) 0.5 rad/sec (b) 0.707 rad/sec
(c) 1.732 rad/sec (d) 2 rad/sec
½IES (EC 1993
119. The gain-phase plot of an open-loop transfer function of four different systems labeled A, B, C and
D are shown in Figure P7.43. The correct sequence of the increasing order of stability of the four
systems will be:

(a) A, B, C, D (b) D, C, B, A
(c) B, A, D, C (d) B, C, D, A
½IES (EC) 1994
120. A portion of a polar plot of an open-loop transfer function is shown in Figure P7.44. The phase
margin and gain margin will be respectively:
(a) 30 and0:75 (b) 60 and 0.375
(c) 60 and 0.75 (d) 60 and 1=0:75
Im G(s)H(s)
Unit circle
–0.75
–1
120° Re G(s)H(s)
–0.375
½IES (EC) 1999
121. A unity-feedback system has the following open-loop frequency response.
o j GðjoÞ j ffGðjoÞ
2 7.5 118
3 4.8 130
4 3.15 140
5 2.25 150
6 1.70 157
8 1.00 170
10 0.64 180
The gain margin and phase margin of the system are:

(a) 0 dB, 170 (b) 3.86 dB, 180
(c) 0 dB, 10 (d) 3.86 dB, 10
½IES (EC) 1995
122. The type and order of the system, whose Nyquist plot is shown in Figure P7.45, are respectively:
(a) 0, 1 (b) 1, 2
(c) 0, 2 (d) 2, 1
Im
40
ω→∞ ω=0
Re

½IES (EC) 1995
123. The radius and the center of M circles are given respectively by:

M M2 M2 M
(a) 2 ; ;0 (b) 2 ; ;0
M 1 M2 1 M 1 M2 1

M2 M2 M2 M2
(c) ; ;0 (d) ; ; 0
M1 M1 M2 1 M2 1
½IES (EC) 1996
124. Which one of the following is the polar plot of a typical type zero system with open-loop transfer
function
K
GðjoÞ ¼
ð1 þ joT1 Þð1 þ joT2 Þ
½IES (EC) 1996
125. The constant M circle for M = 1 is the:

(a) Straight line x ¼ 1=2 (b) Critical point (j, j0)
(c) Circle with r = 0.33 (d) Circle with r = 0.67
½IES (EC) 1999
126. Consider the following statements: The gain margin and phase margin of an unstable system may
respectively be:
1. Positive, positive 2. Positive, negative
3. Negative, positive 4. Negative, negative
(a) 1 and 4 are correct. (b) 1 and 2 are correct.
(c) 1, 2 and 3 are correct. (d) 2, 3 and 4 are correct.
½IES (EC) 1996
127. The polar plot of an open-loop transfer function of a feedback-control system intersects the real axis
at 2. The gain margin of the system is:
(a) 6 dB (b) 0 dB
(c) 6 dB (d) 40 dB
½IES (EC) 1996
128. Match List I (scientist) with List II (contribution in the area of), and select the correct answer using
the codes given below the lists:
List I List II
A. Bode 1. Asymptotic plots
B. Evans 2. Polar plots
C. Nyquist 3. Root locus techniques

4. Constant M and N plots
Codes: A B C A B C
(a) 1 4 2 (b) 2 3 4
(c) 3 1 4 (d) 1 3 2
½IES (EC) 2000
129. The polar plot (for positive frequencies) for the open-loop transfer function of a unity-feedback
control system is shown in Figure P7.46. The phase margin and the gain margin of the system are
respectively:
(a) 1508 and 4 (b) 1508 and 3/4
(c) 308 and 4 (d) 30 and 3/4
Im G(jω)
j1
–0.25
–1 1
Re G(jω)
–j1
½IES (EE) 2000
130. Which of the following equations represents the constant magnitude locus in the G-plane for M ¼ 1;
½x-axis in Re G(jo ) and y-axis in Im G(jo )?
(a) x ¼ 0.5 (b) x ¼ 0
(c) x2 þ y2 ¼ 1 (d) ðx þ 1Þ2 þ y2 ¼ 1
½IES (EC) 2000
131. Which of the following features is NOT associated with Nicholas chart?
(a) (0 dB,1808) point on Nicholas chart represents the critical point (1 þ j0).
(b) It is symmetric about1808.
(c) The M loci are centered about (0 dB,1808) point.
(d) The frequency at the intersection of the G(jo ) locus and M ¼ þ3 dB locus give a bandwidth of
the closed-loop system.
½IES (EC) 2000
132. The open-loop transfer function of a system is

K
GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
ð1 þ sÞð1 þ 2sÞð1 þ 3sÞ
The phase crossover frequency oc is:
pffiffiffi
(a) 2 (b) p
1 ffiffiffi
(c) Zero (d) 3
½IES (EC) 2001
133. The open-loop transfer function of a unity-feedback control system is given as

1
GðsÞ ¼
sð1 þ sT1 Þð1 þ sT2 Þ
The phase crossover frequency and the gain margin are respectively:
1 T1 þ T2 pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi T1 þ T2
(a) pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi and (b) T1 T2 and
T1 T2 T1 T2 T1 T2
1 T1 T2 pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi T1 T2
(c) pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi and (d) T1 T2 and
T1 T2 T1 þ T2 T1 þ T2 ½IES (EC) 2001
134. A constant N-circle having center at ð1=2 þ j0Þ in the G-plane, represents the phase angle
equal to:
(a) 180 (b) 90
(c) 45 (d) 0
½IES (EC) 2001
135. The constant M-circle represented by the equation x2 þ 2:25 x þ y2 ¼ 1:125; where x ¼
Re½GðjoÞ and y ¼ Im½GðjoÞ has the value of M equal to:
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
½IES (EC) 2001
136. The Nyquist plot of

10
GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
s2 ð1 þ 0:5sÞð1 þ sÞ
Will start (o ¼ 1) in the
(a) First quadrant and terminate (o ¼ 0) in the second quadrant
(b) Fourth quadrant and terminate (o ¼ 0) in the second quadrant
(c) Second quadrant and terminate (o ¼ 0) in the third quadrant
(d) Third quadrant and terminate (o ¼ 1) in the first quadrant
½IES (EC) 2002
137. Consider the following statements: Nichol?s chart gives information about:
1. Closed-loop frequency response
2. The value of the peak magnitude of the closed-loop frequency response Mp
3. The frequency at which Mp occurs
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
½IES (EC) 2002
138. Which of the following is the Nyquist diagram for the open-loop transfer function
5
G ð sÞ H ð sÞ ¼ ?
sð1 þ 0:1sÞð1 þ 0:01sÞ
Im Im
−1 Re −1 Re
(a) (b)
Im Im
−1 Re −1 Re
(c) (d)
½IES (EC) 2002

139. The constant N loci represented by the equation x2 þ x þ y2 ¼ 0, where and y ¼ Imj GðjoÞ j is for
the value of phase angle equal to:
(a) 45 (b) 0
(c) þ45 (d) þ90
½IES (EC) 2002
140. Which of the following techniques is utilized to determine the actual point at which the root locus
crosses the imaginary axis?
(a) Nyquist technique (b) Routh–Hurwitz criterion
(c) Nichol?s criterion (d) Bode technique
½IES (EC) 2003
141. Consider the following techniques:
1. Bode plot 2. Nyquist plot
3. Nichol?s plot 4. Routh–Hurwitz criterion
Which of these techniques are used to determine the relative stability of a closed-loop linear system?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 2, 3 and 4
½IES (EC) 2003
142. The transfer function of a certain system is given by
s
GðsÞ ¼
1þs
The Nyquist plot to the system is:
Im G(s) Im G(s)
ω=0
ω=∞ ω=∞
Re G(s) Re G(s)
ω=0
(a) (b)
Im G(s) Im G(s)
ω=0 ω=0
ω=∞
ω=∞ Re G(s) Re G(s)
(c) (d)
½IES (EE) 2001

143. The Nyquist plot, shown in Figure P7.47, matches with the transfer function:
1 1
(a) (b)
ðs þ 1Þ3 ðs þ 1Þ2
1 1
(c) (d)
s2 þ2s þ 2 sþ1
Im
ω=∞ Re
ω=0

½IES (EC) 2003
144. The phase margin (PM) and the damping ratio ðxÞ are related by:
qffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
2x þ 1 þ 4x4
2
2x
(a) PM ¼90 tan1 (b) PM ¼ tan1 qffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
2
2x2 þ 1 þ 4x4
qffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi qffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
1
2x 2
þ 1 þ 4x 4
1
2x 2
þ 1 þ 4x4
(c) PM ¼90 þ tan (d) PM ¼180 tan
2 2
½IES (EC) 2003
145. The phase angle of the system
sþ5
G ð sÞ ¼
s2 þ 4s þ 9
varies between:
(a) 08 and 908 (b) 08 and908
(c) 08 and1808 (d)90 and1808
½IES (EE) 2001
146. Which of the following statements is correct in respect of the theory of stability?
(a) Phase margin is the phase angle lagging, in short of 1808, at the frequency corresponding to a
gain of 10.
(b) Gain margin is the value by which the gain falls short of unity, at a frequency corresponding to
90 phase lag.
(c) Routh–Hurwitz criterion can determine the degree of stability.
(d) Gain margin and phase margin are the measure of the degree of stability.
½IES (EC) 2004
147. The radius of constant-N circle for N ¼ 1 is:

pffiffiffi
(a) 2 (b) 2
(c) 1 (d) p1ffiffi2
½IES (EC) 1999
148. The forward-path transfer function of a unity feedback system is given by

1
G ð sÞ ¼
ð1 þ sÞ2
What is the phase margin for this system?
(a) p rad (b) 0 rad
(c) p=2 rad (d) p rad
½IES (EC) 2004
149. All the constant-N circles in the G-plane cross the real axis at the fixed points. Which are these
points?
(a) 1 and origin (b) Origin and þ1
(c) 0.5 and þ0.5 (d) 1 and þ1
½IES (EC) 2004
150. What is the value of M for the constant-M circle represented by the equation 8x2 þ 18x þ 8y2 þ
9 ¼ 0; where x ¼ Rej GðjoÞ j and y ¼ Iml j GðjoÞ j?
(a) 0.5 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 8
½IES (EC) 2004
151. If the gain of the loop system is doubled, the gain margin of the system is:
(a) Not affected (b) Doubled
(c) Halved (d) One fourth of original value
½IES (EC) 2005
152. Which of the following methods can determine the closed-loop system resonance frequency of
operation?
(a) Root locus method (b) Nyquist method
(c) Bode plot (d) M and N circle method
½IES (EC) 2005
153. For a stable closed-loop system, the gain at the phase cross-over frequency should always be:
(a) <20 dB (b) >6 dB
(c) <6 dB (d) <0 dB
½IES (EC) 2005
154. Match List I (frequency response) with List II (time response), and select the correct answer using the
code given below the lists:
List I List II
A. Bandwidth 1. Overshoot
B. Phase margin 2. Stability
C. Response peak 3. Speed of time response
D. Gain margin 4. Damping ratio
(a) 3 2 1 4 (b) 1 4 3 2
(c) 3 4 1 2 (d) 1 2 3 4
½IES (EC) 2005
155. The open-loop transfer function of a feedback control system is
1
GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
ðs þ 1Þ3
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 8 (d) 16
½GATE (EC) 1991
156. The Nyquist plot of a phase transfer function GðjoÞHðjoÞ of a system encloses the (1, 0) point.
(a) Less than zero (b) Zero
(c) Greater than zero (d) Infinity
½GATE (EC) 1998
157. The gain margin (in dB) of a system having the loop transfer function
pffiffiffi
2
sðs þ 1Þ
is:
(a) 0 (b) 3
(c) 6 (d) 1
½GATE (EC) 1999
158. The phase margin (in degrees) of a system having the loop transfer function
pffiffiffi
2 3
sðs þ 1Þ
is:
(a) 458 (b) 308
(c) 608 (d) 308
½GATE (EC) 1999
159. The constant-M loci is symmetrical with respect to:

(a) Real axis and imaginary axis (b) M ¼ 1 straight line and the real axis
(c) M ¼ 1 straight line and the imaginary axis (d) M ¼ 1 straight line
½IES (EC) 1998
160. A system with the transfer function

s
GðsÞ ¼
1þs
is subjected to a sinusoidal input r ðtÞ ¼ sin ot in steady-state, the phase angle of the output relative
to the input at o ¼ 0 and o ¼ 1 will be respectively:
(a) 0 and 90 (b) 0 and 0
(c) 90 and 0 (d) 90 and 90
½IES (EE) 2000
161. Consider the following Nyquist plots of different control systems:
Im Im
–1 O Re –1 O Re
ω
(a) (b)
Im
Im
–1 O Re –1 O Re
(c) (d)
Which of these plots represents a stable system?

(a) 1 alone (b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 4
½IES (EE) 2000
162. The system with the open-loop transfer function

1
GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
sðs2 þ s þ 1Þ
has a gain margin of:
(a) 6 dB (b) 0 dB
(c) 3.5 dB (d) 6 dB
½GATE (EC) 2002
163. The gain margin and the phase margin of a feedback system with
s
GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
ðs þ 100Þ3
are:
(a) 0 dB, 08 (b) 1;1
(c) 1; 0 (d) 88:5dB; 1
½GATE (EC) 2003
164. If the Nyquist plot of an open-loop transfer function of a feedback control system is shown in the
left half of the s-plane (Figure P7.48), then the number of closed-loop poles in the right half of the
s-plane will be:
(a) Zero (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3
Im
GH plane
ω = −∞ Re
−1
ω→0′
½IES (EE) 1999

165. Which of the following polar diagrams corresponds to a lag network?
Im Im
ω=0 ω=∞ ω=∞ ω=0
Re Re
(a) (b)
Im Im
ω=0 ω=∞ ω=∞ ω=0
Re Re
(c) (d)
½GATE (EC) 2005
166. The gain and phase crossover frequencies in rad/sec are respectively:
(a) 0.632 and 1.26 (b) 0.632 and 0.485

(c) 0.485 and 0.632 (d) 1.26 mA and 0.632 V
½GATE (EC) 2005
167. The polar plot of
1þs
G ð sÞ ¼
1 þ 4s
for 0 o 1 in the G-plane is :
½IES (EE) 1999
168. The Nyquist plot of GðjoÞHðjoÞ for a closed control system passes through the (1, j0) point in the
GH-plane. The gain margin of the system in dB is equal to:
(a) Infinite (b) Greater than zero
(c) Less than zero (d) Zero
½GATE (EC) 2006
169. A unity-feedback system has the open-loop transfer function

1
GðsÞ ¼
ðs þ 2Þðs 1Þðs þ 3Þ
The Nyquist plot of G encircles the origin:
(a) Never (b) Once
(c) Twice (d) Thrice
½GATE (EE) 1992
170. The polar plot of a type 1, 3 pole, open-loop system is shown in Figure P7.49. The closed-loop
system is:
(a) Always stable

(b) Marginally stable
(c) Unstable with one pole on the right half s-plane
(d) Unstable with two poles on the right half s-plane
½GATE (EE) 2001
171. The Nyquist plot of a loop transfer function G(s)H(s) of a closed-loop control system passes through
the point (1, j0) in the G(s)H(s) plane. The phase margin of the system is:
(a) 08 (b) 458
(c) 908 (d) 1808
½GATE (EE) 2002
172. The open-loop transfer function of a unity feedback control system is given as
as þ 1
GðsÞ ¼
s2
The value of a to give a phase margin of 45 is equal to:
(a) 0.141 (b) 0.441
(c) 0.841 (d) 1.141
½GATE (EE) 2004
173. The gain margin of a unity-feedback control system with the open-loop transfer function
sþ1
GðsÞ ¼
s2
is:
pffiffiffi
(a) 0pffiffiffi (b) 1= 2
(c) 2 (d) 1
½GATE (EE) 2005
174. 207. In the GH (s) plane, the Nyquist plot of the loop-transfer function
pe0:25
GðsÞ HðsÞ ¼
s
passes through the negative real axis at the point:

(a) (0.25, j0) (b) (0.5, j0)
(c) (1, j0) (d) (2, j0)
½GATE (EE) 2005
175. If the compensated system shown in Figure P7.50 has a phase margin of 60 at the crossover
frequency of 1 rad/sec, then the value of the gain K is:
(a) 0.366 (b) 0.732
(c) 1.366 (d) 2.738

½GATE (EE) 2005
176. The Nyquist plot for a control system is shown in Figure P7.51
Figure P7.51 Nyquist plot for Objective Question 176.
the bode plot for the same system will be

−20 dB/dec
0
−20 dB/dec
|G| −40 dB/dec
|G|
−40 dB/dec
ω1 ω2 ω1
(a) (b)
|G|
−20 dB/dec
−40 dB/dec
|G| −40 dB/dec
ω1 −60 dB/dec ω1 ω2 −60 dB/dec
(c) (d)
177. The Nyquist plot of the open-loop transfer function G(s)H(s) is shown in Figure P7.52. It indicates
that:
(a) The open-loop system is unstable, but the closed-loop system is stable.
(b) Both open-loop and closed-loop systems are unstable.
(c) Open-loop system is stable, but closed-loop system is unstable.
(d) Both open-loop and closed-loop systems are stable.
J Im
GH plane
ω = −∞
Re
(−1, j0)
ω = +∞
ω = 0+
½IES (EE) 1997

178. Which of the following statements regarding the stability of a feedback control system is correct?
(a) Gain margin (GM) gives the complete information about the relative stability of the gain system.
(b) Phase margin (PM) gives the complete information about the stability of the system.
(c) GM and PM together give information about the relative stability of the system.
(d) Gain cross-over and phase cross-over frequencies give the required information about the relative
stability of the system.
½IES (EC) 1998
179. Match List I (Plot/diagram/chart) with List II (Characteristic), and select the correct answer using
the codes given below the lists:
List I List II
A. Constant-M loci 1. Constant gain and phase shift loci of the closed-loop system
B. Constant-N loci 2. Plot of loop gain with variation of o
C. Nichol?s chart 3. Circles of constant gain for closed-loop transfer function
D. Nyquist plot 4. Circles of constant phase shift of closed-loop transfer function
(a) 3 4 2 1 (b) 3 4 1 2
(c) 4 3 2 1 (d) 4 3 1 2
½IES (EE) 1998
Chapter 8
1. A system is described by

0 1 0
X¼ Xþ u
2 3 i
The system is
(a) Controllable and observable (b) Uncontrollable and observable
(c) Controllable and unobservable (d) Uncontrollable and unobservable
½IAS 1995
2. Which one of the following methods is NOT used for the analysis of nonlinear control systems?
(a) Phase plane method (b) Decreasing function method
(c) Liapunov’s method (d) Piecewise linear
½IES 2003
3. The state equations of a system are given by x_ ¼ X þ u; y ¼ X. The system is
(a) Controllable and observable
(b) Controllable but not completely observable
(c) Neither controllable nor completely observable
(d) Not completely controllable but observable
½IES 2005
4. The state representation of a second-order system is x_ 1 ¼ x1 þ u; x_ 2 ¼ x1 2x2 þ u. Consider the
following statements regarding the above system:
1. The system is completely state controllable.

½IES 1993
5. The system matrix of a continuous-time system, described in the state variable form, is
2 3
x 0 0
A ¼ 4 0 y 1 5
0 1 2
The system is stable for all values of x and y satisfying
(a) x < 1=2; y < 1=2 (b) x > 1=2; y > 0
(c) x < 0; y < 2 (d) x < 0; y < 1=2
½IES 1993
6. The state equation of a system is

0 1 0
X¼ Xþ
20 9 1
The poles of this system are located at

(a) 1; 9 (b) 1; 20
(c) 4; 5 (d) 9; 20
½IES 1995
7. The z-transform of a signal is given by
1z1 ð1 z4 Þ
CðzÞ ¼
4ð1 z1 Þ2
Its final value is
(a) 1=4 (b) Zero
(c) 1:0 (d) Infinity
½GATE 1999
8. The transfer function, YðsÞ=UðsÞ, of a system described by the state equations xðtÞ ¼ –2xðtÞ þ 2uðtÞ
and yðtÞ ¼ 0:5xðtÞ is
(a) 0:5=ðs 2Þ (b) 1=ðs 2Þ
(c) 0:5=ðs þ 2Þ (d) 1=ðs þ 2Þ
½GATE 2002
9. The state variable equations of a system are:

1. x1 ¼ 3x1x2 þ 2
2. x2 ¼ 2x1
The system is
(a) Controllable but not observable (b) Observable but not controllable
(c) Neither controllable nor observable (d) Controllable and observable
½GATE 2004
10. Given

1 0
A¼
0 1
the state transition matrix is given by

0 et et 0
(a) t (b)
e 0 0 et
t
e 0 0 et
(c) (d)
0 et et 0
½GATE 2004
11. If
2 3
5 0 2
40 3 05
2 0 1
The inverse of A is
2 3 2 3
1 0 2 5 0 2
(a) 4 0 1=3 0 5 (b) 4 0 1=3 0 5
2 0 5 2 0 1
2 3 2 3
1=5 0 1=2 1=5 0 1=2
(c) 4 0 1=3 0 5 (d) 4 0 1=3 0 5
1=2 0 1 1=2 0 1
½GATE 1998
12. Given the homogenous state space equation

3 1
X¼
0 2
the steady state value of Xss ¼ lim xðtÞ, given the initial value of Xð0Þ ¼ ½10; 10T , is
t!1
0 3
(a) Xss ¼ (b) Xss ¼
0 2

10 1
(c) Xss ¼ (d) Xss ¼
10 1
½GATE 2002
13. The matrix of any state-space equation for the transfer function CðsÞ=RðsÞ of the system, shown in
Figure P8.22, is

1 0 0 1
(a) (b)
0 1 0 1
(c) ½1 (d) ½3
½GATE 1994
14. A system is described by the state equation XX ¼ AX þ BU. The output is given by Y ¼ CX,
where

4 1 1
A¼ ; B¼ ; C ¼ ½1; 0
3 1 1
The transfer function GðsÞ of the system is
s 1
(a) 2 (b)
s þ 5s þ 7 þ 5s þ 7
s2
s 1
(c) 2 (d) 2
s þ 3s þ 2 s þ 3s þ 2
½GATE 1995
15. A state variable system

0 1 1
XðtÞ ¼ XðtÞ þ uðtÞ
0 3 0
with the initial condition X(0) ¼ ½1 3T and the unit step input u(t) has the state transition matrix
2 1 3 2 3
1 t
1 ð1 e3t Þ 1 ðe e3t Þ
(a)4 3 5 (b)4 3 5
0 e3t 0 et
2 1 t 3 " #
1 ðe e3t Þ 1 ð1 et Þ
(c)4 3 5 (d)
0 e 3t 0 et ½GATE 2005
16. A state variable system

0 1 1
XðtÞ ¼ XðtÞ þ uðtÞ
0 3 0
with the initial condition X(0) ¼ ½1 3T and the unit step input u(t) has the state transition
equation

t et t et
(a) XðtÞ ¼ (b) XðtÞ ¼
et 3e3t

t e3t t e3t
(c) XðtÞ ¼ (d) XðtÞ ¼
3e3t et
½GATE 2005
17. The value of matrix A in X ¼ AX for the system described by the differential equation y þ
2y þ 3y ¼ 0 is

1 0 1 0
(a) (b)
2 1 1 2

0 1 0 1
(c) (d)
2 1 3 2
½IES 1998
18. The minimum number of states necessary to describe the network shown in Figure P8.23 in a state
variable form is

(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 6
½IES 1998
19. A system is represented by y þ 2y þ 5y þ 6y ¼ 5x. Its state variables are x1 ¼ y; x2 ¼ y and

x3 ¼ y. Then the coefficient matrix A will be
2 3 2 3
0 1 0 0 1 0
(a) 4 0 0 1 5 (b) 4 0 0 1 5
6 5 2 2 5 6
2 3 2 3
0 0 1 0 0 1
(c) 4 0 1 0 5 (d) 4 0 1 0 5
6 5 2 2 5 6
½IES 1999
20. The state equation of a linear system is given by X ¼ AX þ BU, where

0 2 0
A¼ and B ¼
2 0 1
The state transition matrix of the system is
2t
e 0 e2t 0
(a) (b)
0 e2t 0 e2t

sin 2t cos 2t cos 2t sin 2t
(c) (d)
cos 2t sin 2t sin 2t cos 2t
½IES 1999
21. Consider the single-input, single-output system with its state variable representation:
2 3 2 3
1 0 0 1
X ¼ 4 0 2 0 5X þ 4 1 5U; Y ¼ ½1 0 2X
0 0 3 0
The system is
(a) Neither controllable nor observable (b) Controllable but not observative
(c) Uncontrollable but observable (d) Both controllable and observable
½IES 2001
22. A particular control system is described by the following state equations:

0 1 0
X¼ Xþ U and Y ¼ ½2 0X
2 3 1
The transfer function of this system is

YðsÞ 1 YðsÞ 2
(a) ¼ (b) ¼
UðsÞ 2s2 þ 3s þ 1 UðsÞ 2s2 þ 3s þ 1
YðsÞ 1 YðsÞ 2
(c) ¼ (d) ¼
UðsÞ s2 þ 3s þ 2 UðsÞ s2 þ 3s þ 2
½IES 2001
23. A transfer function of a control system does not have pole-zero cancellation. Which one of the
following statements is true?
(a) System is neither controllable nor observable
(b) System is completely controllable and observable
(c) System is observable but uncontrollable
(d) System is controllable but unobservable
½IES 2002
24. Consider the following statements:

1. A discrete-time system is said to be stable, if and only if its response for until impulses ðtÞ decays
with K
2. Routh–Herwitz testing may be applied to determine the stability of the discrete-data system using
bilinear transformation
1þv
Z¼
1v
A discrete data system is unstable if any of the roots of the characteristics equation lies within the unit
circle on the complex plane.
Which of these statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 3 only (d) 2 and 3
½IES 2003
25. For a unity-feedback system, the origin of the s-plane is mapped in the z-plane by the transformation
z ¼ eST to which one of the following?
(a) Origin (b) 1 þ j0
(c) 1 þ j0 (d) 0 þ j1
½IES 2004
26. A linear time-invariant discrete-time system is described by the vector-matrix difference equation
xðk þ 1Þ ¼ FxðkÞ þ GuðkÞ
where xðkÞ is the state vector, F is an ðn nÞ constant matrix, G is an ðn rÞ constant matrix and
u(k) is the control vector. The state transition matrix of the system is given by the Z-transform of
(a) ZI F (b) ðZI FÞZ

(c) ðZI FÞ1 G (d) ðZI FÞ–1 Z
½GATE 1991
27. The Z-transform of the time function

X
1
ðn kÞ
k¼0
is
Z1 Z
(a) (b)
Z Z1
Z ðZ 1Þ2
(c) (d)
ðZ 1Þ2 Z
½GATE 1998
28. The block diagram of a sampled-data system is shown in Figure P8.24
GRðzÞ GðzÞRðzÞ
(a) (b)
1 þ GHðzÞ 1 þ GHðzÞ
GRðzÞ GðzÞRðzÞ
(c) (d)
1 þ GðzÞHðzÞ 1 þ GðzÞHðzÞ
½IES 1998
29. Consider the following statements regarding hold circuits for the reconstruction of sampled signals:
1. Hold circuits are essentially low-pass filters.
2. A first-order hold circuit introduces less phase-lag in comparison to zero hold circuit
3. A zero-order hold has a flat gain-frequency response over the frequency range 0 v 2=T,
where T is the sampling period.
Which of the following is correct?
(a) 3 alone (b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 alone
½IES 1999
30. The overall pulse transfer function of the system shown in Figure P8.25 is

1 expð1Þ Z½1 þ expð1Þ

(a) (b)
Z expð1Þ ðZ 1Þ½Z þ expð1Þ
1 þ expð1Þ Z½1 expð1Þ

(c) (d)
Z þ expð1Þ ðZ 1Þ½Z expð1Þ
½IES 1999
31. The system matrix of a discrete system is given by

0 1
A¼
3 5
The characteristic equation is given by
(a) z2 þ 5z þ 3 ¼ 0 (b) z2 3z 5 ¼ 0
(c) z2 þ 3z þ 5 ¼ 0 (d) z2 þ z þ 2 ¼ 0
½IES 2001

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Figure P2.43 A network (Objective Question 1).

Figure P2.44 A ﬁled-controlled servomotor.

Figure P2.45 Two mass-spring friction system. ½IES 1996

Figure P2.47 A mechanical system.

d 2 y1 ðtÞ dy1 ðtÞ d 2 y2 ðtÞ dy2 ðtÞ

d 2 y1 ðtÞ dy1 ðtÞ d 2 y2 ðtÞ dy2 ðtÞ

Figure P3.12 Signal ﬂow graphs for Objective Question 1.

Figure P3.13 Signal ﬂow graphs for Objective Question 2.

Consider the following statements regarding the signal ﬂow graph:

Figure P3.14 Signal ﬂow graphs for Objective Question 3.

Figure P3.15 Signal ﬂow graphs for Objective Question 4.

The overall transfer function of the system is

Figure P3.16 Signal ﬂow graphs for Objective Question 5.

The transfer function CðsÞ=DðsÞ of the system is

Figure P3.17 Signal ﬂow graphs for Objective Question 6.

The transfer function CðsÞ=NðsÞ is given

G1 ðsÞG2 ðsÞ G1 ðsÞ

7. The transfer function of the system shown in Figure P3.18 is

Figure P3.18 Signal ﬂow graphs for Objective Question 7.

The blocks are connected in the following manner:

9. In regeneration feedback, the transfer function is given by

GðsÞ GðsÞ GðsÞ GðsÞHðsÞ

GðsÞ GðsÞHðsÞ GðsÞ GðsÞ

Figure P3.19 Signal ﬂow graphs for Objective Question 10.

Figure P3.20 Signal ﬂow graphs for Objective Question 11.

Figure P3.21 Signal ﬂow graphs for Objective Question 13.

Figure P3.22 Signal ﬂow graphs for Objective Question 14.

Figure P3.23 Signal ﬂow graphs for Objective Question 15.

Figure P4.58 Figure for Objective Question 4.

which of the following is its unit-step response?

(a) 1 et=2 (b) 1 et

Figure P4.59 Figure for Objective Question 4.

pffiffiffiffiffi rffiffiffiffi rffiffiffiffi

7. Type of a system depends on the

Figure P4.60 Figure for Objective Question 10.

½IAS (EE) 1994

12. The feedback control system shown in Figure P4.61 is

Figure P4.61 Figure for Objective Question 12.

(a) Type 0 system (b) Type 1 system

Figure P4.62 Figure for Objective Question 13.

½IES (EC) 1995

(c) Kv ¼ Lim sGðsÞ (d) Kv ¼ Lim s½1 þ GðsÞHðsÞ

½IES (EC) 1998

which one of the following condition is NOT required?

Figure P4.63 Figure for Objective Question 16.

17. A system has the following transfer function

Input = Unit step

Figure P4.64 Figure for Objective Question 18.

(a) 1, 2, and 3 are correct (b) 1 and 2 are correct

Figure P4.65 Figure for Objective Question 4.

Figure P4.66 Figure for Objective Question 20.

22. Given a unity feedback with

the value of K for damping ratio of 0.5 is

(c) There is a variable steady-state error.

Its Mp (peak magnitude) is

Figure P4.67 Figure for Objective Question 32.

41. A control system, having a unit damping factor, will give

Which of these statements are correct?

Which of the above transfer functions represents underdamped second-order systems?

Which of the statements given above are correct?

the setting time for the 5% criterion will be

List I (Characteristic equation) List II (Nature of damping)