Managing Fault Ride Through Compliance

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D Balasingam (Bala) & Ian Nuttall

National Grid – Generator & Asset Compliance
Grid Code Requirement

All generators should ride through faults at the nearest

275 kV or 400 kV transmission network

Applies to both balanced & unbalanced faults

Compliance is managed by looking at simulation studies

Type tests are requested on wind turbine types that
constitute more than 100 MW in any one site

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Type A Faults

Solid Faults lasting <140 ms
During Type A Faults

Generator should remain connected without tripping

Generate maximum reactive current within transient
rating
Following Type A Fault Clearance

Recovery to at least 90% of pre-fault power within 0.5 s

Any oscillations must be damped

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Type B Faults

Faults lasting > 140 ms

Residual Voltage > Profile given in CC.6.3.15.1.(b)
During Type B Faults

Generator should remain connected without tripping

Provide Active Power at least in proportional to the voltage at the
Grid Entry Point

Generate maximum reactive current within transient rating
Following Type B Fault Clearance

Recovery to at least 90% of pre-fault power within 1s

Any oscillations must be damped

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CC.6.3.15.1 (b) (i)

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Type B Faults

An example Type B fault: Lasting 300 ms with a
residual voltage of 30%

Therefore it should provide active power proportional to
grid interface voltage during fault and power recovery
within 1s following fault clearance

Consider a fault lasting 100 ms with a residual voltage
of 30% (Is it type A or type B?)

It should provide active power proportional to grid
interface voltage during fault

Power recovery within 0.5 following fault clearance

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Comparison between UK Grid
Code and the ENTSO-E Proposals

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ENTSO-E Draft Requirements

ENTSO-E consultation published in January 2012.

Includes different envelopes for FRT on different generator sizes and

types.

Following plots indicate the comparison between current GB Grid Code

and the ENTSO-E proposals for

Type B & C Synchronous

Type D Synchronous

Type B & C Power Park Modules

Type D Power Park Modules

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ENTSO-E RfG - Voltage Duration Profiles
Type D Units Table 7.1
Voltage (p.u)
NOT TO SCALE

RFG Min
RFG Max

1.0
0.9
0.85

0.5

0.25

0 0.14 0.25 0.45 0.7 1.5 Time (s)

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ENTSO-E RfG - Voltage Duration
Profile – Range compared with GB
Requirement
Voltage (p.u)
NOT TO SCALE

RFG Min
RFG Max

1.0
GB Requirement

0.9
0.85
0.8

0.5

0.25
0.15

0 0.14 0.25 0.45 0.7 1.2 1.5 Time (s)

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ENTSO-E RfG Requirements

The TSO shall define the Post Fault Active Power Recovery
Characteristics

The TSO shall define the fault ride through capabilities in the
case of asymmetrical faults.

In general the Minimum ENTSO-RfG Fault Ride Through
requirements are less onerous than those in GB.

Interpretation of the ENTSO-E Fault Ride Through
Requirements are further clarified in Question 24 of the FAQ
document.

https://www.entsoe.eu/resources/network-codes/requirements-for-generators/

Early adoption of the ENTSO-E RfG may be a possible way

forward subject to National Choice based on Minimum
Transmission System Need and Generator capability.

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Any questions?

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