Equipment Specifications: V.1. Consideration in Equipment Selection V.1.1. Rotary Cutter

CHAPTER V
EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS
V.1. Consideration in Equipment Selection

V.1.1. Rotary Cutter
In this plant, the size of water hyacinth is reduced to 5 mm. The size reduction
is conducted to increase the surface area of water hyacinth for the hydrolysis reaction.
The larger the surface area the more efficient of the process. The rotary cutter is used to
reduce the size of water hyacinth. The selection is based on some consideration, such as
this cutter is excellent for soft materials, it can reduce the water hyacinth size until the
desired size, and it has a large capacity (Ulrich, 1984).
V.1.2. Batch Reactor
Th reactors (R-101 and R-102) used in this plant are a batch reactor. The
reaction processes in these reactors are conducted in batch mode. Reactor I (R-101) is is
equipped with an agitator, cooling jacket, and isolator. R-101 is a high pressure and
temperature reactor. The reaction in this reactor is carried out under a subcritical
condition with 200°C of temperature and 20 bar of pressure. The agitator in this reactor is
used to increase the contact among the reactants. The cooling jacket is required during the
cooling process after the reaction is completed. Water is used as the cooling liquid. To
reduce the heat loss to the environment, each reactor is well isolated. Reactor R-102 is
also equipped with an agitator and well isolated. Cooling and heating processes are not
required for Reactor R-102.
V.1.3. Mixed Flow Reactor
Reactor R-301 and R-302 are mixed flow type reactor. This kind of reactor is
required for continuous reaction process. To maintain the complete mixing of the
reactants, the reactor is equipped with the agitator.This type of reactor is used for reactor
R-301 and reactor R-302, where the processes are carried out in continues condition. This
type of reactor is suitable for the continuous process. Reactor III (R-301) is equipped with
the agitator and cooling jacket, while reactor IV (R-302) is equipped with the agitator,
heating jacket, and isolator.
V.1.4. Fixed Bed Reactor
Fixed bed reactor is used for catalytic gas phase reaction. In this plant design
the fixed bed reactor is utilized for reactor R-303 and reactor R-304. The reactants enter
the reactor in the gas phase, and the reaction takes place in a bed of catalyst. Heating and
cooling is not required in Reactor R-303, since the feed entering the reactor at high
temperature and the reaction is exothermic, to avoid excessive heat loss, the Reactor R-
303 is isolated with thermal insulation system. Reactor R-304 is equipped with the
heating system, saturated steam with 90% of dryness at 160°C of temperature is utilized
as the heating fluid.
V.1.5. Distillation
Single pass cross flow sieve tray column is employed for the distillation
process. Some considerations are taken for choosing this type of the distillation system.
This type has a low construction cost compared with the other types, like packed column.
Using this type, it eases the maintenance and repairs the distillation column. This type of
distillation column has high separation efficiency.
V.1.6. Heat Exchanger
Heat exchanger systems used in this plant consists of condenser, reboiler, and
vaporizer. The condenser is used to condense the vapor in this process. Reboiler is used to
heat and vaporize the bottom product from the distillation column. Vaporizer to vaporize
the product of reactor R-302. Shell and tube heat exchanger 1-2 is chosen for theee heat
exchanger systems. This type is used because it is suitable for high capacity. With this
type, high velocity is difficult to obtain, so it makes the heat transfer more efficient in
average or low velocity. This type makes the tube side is easy to clean by removing only
the channel cover (Kern, 1950).
V.1.7. Centrifuge
In this plant, the centrifuge is used to separate solid content in the mixture of
solid-liquid. Centrifuge which is used is disk centrifuge. This type has some advantage,
such as high efficiency and fast separation. This benefit makes the separation in this plant
is more efficient and effective. The solid content in the liquid phase will be removed
significantly, or even well removed (Perry and Green, 1997).
V.1.8. Holding Tank
Holding tank is used to hold product from some processes. The holding tank is a
horizontal cylindrical tank. The head and closure of these holding tanks are adjusted by
the pressure inside the tank. Torispherical dished is used for lower pressure, while
hemispherical dished is used for higher pressure. Besides those types, conical is also used
for the tank which is held solid-liquid mixture. Based on those considerations, every
holding tank is specified for its content.
V.1.9. Pump
For this plant, centrifugal pumps are utilized to transfer the fluids from one
equipment to other devices. This pump is chosen because it is effective to flow the
mixture to other equipment. This type is suitable for the mixture with low viscosity under
0.20 Pa s, likes the mixtures in this plant. Some pumps, like pump XVII and XX, use
positive displacement pump. It is caused by the high pressure of process fluid.
V.2. List of Equipment
V.2.1. Belt Conveyor (X-102)
BELT CONVEYOR (X-102)
Function : to transport the dry water hyacinth into rotary cutter
Type : troughed belt on 20° idlers
Operation : batch
Operating Condition : 1 atm and 303 K
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Capacity : 2.09 tons/h
Maximum capacity : 29 tons/h
Belt width : 0.35 m
Cross-sectional area of load : 0.01 m²
Belt plies :3
Belt speed : 30.5 m/min
Length : 10 m
Power : 1 kW
V.2.2. Rotary Cutter (X-103)
ROTARY CUTTER (X-103)
Function : to reduce the size of dry water hyacinth to be 0.5 cm
Type : rotary cutter
Operation : continue
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Construction material : stainless steel
Maximum capacity : 5000 kg/hour
Length : 2.55 m
Width : 1.075 m
Height :2m
Blade amount :6
Power : 75 kW
V.2.3. Vibrating Screen (X-104)
VIBRATING SCREEN (X-104)
: to separate between the oversize and undersize of dry water
Function
hyacinth based on its desired size
Type : vibrating screen
Operation : batch
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Desired size : 4 mesh
Sieve opening : 4.76 mm
Wire diameter : 1.54 mm
Slotted-opening factor : 1 (for square openings)
Unit capacity : 0.75 kg/m² s
Open area factor : 57%
Throughflow rate : 3.87 kg/s
Screen area : 3.63 m²
Screen size : 16.4 m x 32.8 m
Screen amount :1
Deck : single deck
Power : 3.75 kW
V.2.4. Screw Conveyor I (X-105)
SCREW CONVEYOR I (X-105)
Function : to transport the dry water hyacinth into bin
Type : screw conveyor
Operation : batch
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Flights diameter : 12 in
Pipe diameter : 2.5 in
Shaft diameter : 2 in
Hanger center : 12 ft
Speed : 60 rpm
Feed section diameter : 10 in
Area occupied : 45%
Screw diameter : 16 in
Length : 15 ft
Power : 1.50 kW
V.2.5. Bin (V-102)
BIN (V-102)
Function : to hold the dry water hyacinth after size reduction
Type : vertical-cylindrical tank with flat head and conical closure
Operation : batch
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Constuction material : SA-283 grade C Closure height : 0.20 m
Bin diameter : 1,32 m Bin height : 2.18 m
Nozzle diameter : 0.05 m Shell thickness : 3/16 in
Shell height : 1.97 m Closure thickness : 3/16 in
V.2.6. Screw Conveyor II (X-106)
SCREW CONVEYOR II (X-106)
Function : to transport the dry water hyacinth into reactor I
Type : screw conveyor
Operation : batch
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Flights diameter : 12 in
Pipe diameter : 2.5 in
Shaft diameter : 2 in
Hanger center : 12 ft
Speed : 60 rpm
Feed section diameter : 10 in
Area occupied : 45%
Screw diameter : 16 in
Length : 15 ft
Power : 1.50 kW
V.2.7. Dissolver (V-101)
DISSOLVER (V-101)
: to dissolve concentrated sulphuric acid 98% (w/w) to be
Function
sulphuric acid solution 3% (w/w)
Type : agitated tank with torispherical dished head and flat closure
Operation : batch
Operating Condition : 1 bar and 383.12 K
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Constuction material : SS-317L Tank height : 2.92 m
Tank diameter : 1.74 m Head thickness : 4/16 in
Head height : 0.31 m Shell thickness : 3/16 in
Agitator : Jacket :
: three blade Jacket spacing : 3 in
Type propeller with Jacket thickness : 1 in
four baffle
Impeller diameter : 0.87 m
Impeller height : 0.56 m
Blade width : 0.17 m
Blade length : 0.22 m
Baffle width : 0.17 m
Velocity : 221.78 rpm
Power : 22.00 kW
V.2.8. Pump I (P-101)
PUMP I (P-101)
Function : to transport the mixture form dissolver to reactor I
Type : centrifugal pump
Operation : batch
Operating Condition : 1 atm and 383.12 K
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Constuction material : stainless steel
Volume rate : 19.78 m³/h
Velocity : 1.78 m/s
Power : 0.75 kW
V.2.9. Reactor I (R-101)
REACTOR I (R-101)
: to hydrolyze biomass to be intermediate compound for
Function
producting biojet fuel
Type : batch reactor with hemispherical dished head and closure
Operation : batch
Operating Condition : 20 bar and 473 K
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Constuction material : SS-317L Reactor height : 4.74 m
Reactor diameter : 1.90 m Head thickness : 2.25 in
Shell height : 2.84 m Closure thickness : 2.25 in
Closure height : 0.95 m
Agitator : Jacket :
four baffle Isolator :
Impeller diameter : 0.95 m Material : corkboard
Impeller height : 0.63 m Thickness : 0.10 m
Power : 41.00 kW
V.2.10. Reactor II (R-102)
REACTOR II (R-102)
: to neutralize sulphuric acid content using calsium oxide to be
Function
calcium sulphate which is in solid phase
Type : batch reactor with hemispherical dished head and closure
Operation : batch
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Constuction material : SS-317L Closure height : 0.23 m
Reactor diameter : 1.99 m Reactor height : 3.57 m
Nozzle diameter : 0.20 m Head thickness : 5/16 in
Agitator : Jacket :
Power : 38.00 kW
V.2.11. Pump II (P-102)
PUMP II (P-102)
Function : to transport the mixture form reactor II to centrifuge
Operation : batch
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 2.33 m/s
Power : 1.25 kW
V.2.12. Centrifuge (X-107)
CENTRIFUGE (X-107)
: to separate calsium sulphate as suspended solid in the mixture
Function
from neutralisation
Type : disk centrifuge
Operation : batch
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Capacity : 87.35 gal/minute
Diameter bowl : 24 in
Velocity : 4000 rpm
Centrifugal force × gravitation : 5500
Power : 6.00 kW
V.2.13. Pump III (P-103)
PUMP III (P-103)
Function : to transport the mixture form centrifuge to holding tank I
Operation : batch
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 2.02 m/s
Power : 1.00 kW
V.2.14. Holding Tank I (V-103)
HOLDING TANK I (V-103)
Function : to hold the mixture after centrifugation
: vertical-cylindrical tank with torispherical dished head and
Type
flat closure
Operation : batch
Amount : 1unit
Specification :
Constuction material : SA-283 grade C Tank height : 2.02 m
Shell height : 1.76 m
V.2.15. Pump IV (P-104)
PUMP IV (P-104)
Function : to transport the mixture form holding tank I to distillation I
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 1.44 m/s
Power : 0.25 kW
V.2.16. Distillation I (T-201)
DISTILATION I (T-201)
: to separate water and formic acid from the mixture of water,
Functtion
formic acid, furfural, levulinic acid, and 5-HMF
Type : single pass crossflow sieve tray column
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Constuction material : SA-283 grade C Head thickness : 6/16 in
Column diameter : 2.00 m Shell thickness : 4/16 in
Head height : 0.40 m Closure thickness : 6/16 in
Shell height : 5.88 m Tray amount : 26
Closure height : 0.40 m Tray spacing : 6 in
Column height : 6.67 m Feed height : 2.77 m
Condensor : Reboiler :
: counter current : kettle reboiler -
horizontal shell horizontal shell
Type Type
and tube 1-2 heat and tube 1-2 heat
exchanger exchanger
Tube inside diameter : 0.87 in Tube inside diameter : 1.37 in
Tube outside diameter : 1 in Tube outside diameter : 1.5 in
Tube length : 16 ft Tube length : 16 ft
Tube amount : 188 Tube amount : 48
Passes :2 Passes :2
Triangular pitch : 1.25 Square pitch : 1.875 in
Shell inside diameter : 21.25 in Shell inside diameter : 19.25 in
Baffle spacing : 1 in Tube pressure drop : 0.0095 psi
Tube pressure drop : 0.32 psi Utilities : flue gas
Shell pressure drop : 1.05 psi
Utilities : water
Isolator :
Material : corkboard
Thickness : 0.07 m
V.2.17. Accumulator I (V-201)
ACCUMULATOR I (V-201)
: to hold the condensate of distillate from condensor before it
Function
distributes distillate holding tank and back to distillator
Type
flat closure
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
V.2.18. Pump V (P-201)
PUMP V (P-201)
Function : to transport the mixture form accumulator I to distillation II
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 1.40 m/s
Power : 0.25 kW
V.2.19. Pump VI (P-202)
PUMP VI (P-202)
Function : to transport the mixture form distillation I to reboiler I
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 1.19 m/s
Power : 0.25 kW
V.2.20. Pump VII (P-203)
PUMP VII (P-203)
Function : to transport the mixture form reboiler I to holding tank II
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 1.41 m/s
Power : 0.25 kW
V.2.21. Holding Tank II (V-202)
HOLDING TANK II (V-202)
Function : to hold the bottom product from distillation I
Type
flat closure
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
V.2.22. Pump VIII (P-204)
PUMP VIII (P-204)
Function : to transport the mixture form holding tank II to distillation III
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 1.41 m/s
Power : 0.25 kW
V.2.23. Distillation II (T-202)
DISTILATION II (T-202)
Functtion : to separate water from the mixture of water and formic acid
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Constuction material : SA-283 grade C Head thickness : 1.5 in
Head height : 0.69 m Closure thickness : 1.5 in
Type Type
exchanger exchanger
Tube outside diameter : 1 in Tube outside diameter : 1.5 in
Passes :2 Passes :2
Shell inside diameter : 19.25 in Shell inside diameter : 19.25 in
Utilities : water
Isolator :
Thickness : 0.07 m
V.2.24. Accumulator II (V-203)
ACCUMULATOR II (V-203)
Function
Type
flat closure
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
V.2.25. Pump IX (P-205)
PUMP IX (P-205)
Function : to transport the mixture form accumulator II to holding tank
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 1.28 m/s
Power : 0.25 kW
V.2.26. Pump X (P-206)
PUMP X (P-206)
Function : to transport the mixture form distillation II to reboiler II
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 2.28 m/s
Power : 0.50 kW
V.2.27. Pump XI (P-207)
PUMP XI (P-207)
Function : to transport the mixture form reboiler II to holding tank III
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 1.56 m/s
Power : 0.25 kW
V.2.28. Holding Tank III (V-204)
HOLDING TANK III (V-204)
Function : to hold the bottom product from distillation II
Type
flat closure
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
V.2.29. Pump XII (P-208)
PUMP XII (P-208)
Function : to transport the mixture form holding tank III to distillation III
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 1.56 m/s
Power : 0.25 kW
V.2.30. Distillation III (T-203)
DISTILATION III (T-203)
: to separate formic acid and furfural from the mixture of
Functtion
formic acid, furfural, levulinic acid, and 5-HMF
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Type Type
exchanger exchanger
Tube outside diameter : 1 in Tube outside diameter : 1 in
Passes :2 Passes :2
Shell inside diameter : 8 in Shell inside diameter : 8 in
Utilities : water
Isolator :
Thickness : 0.08 m
V.2.31. Accumulator III (V-205)
ACCUMULATOR III (V-205)
Function
Type
flat closure
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
V.2.32. Pump XIII (P-209)
PUMP XIII (P-209)
Function : to transport the mixture form accumulator III to holding tank
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 1.05 m/s
Power : 0.25 kW
V.2.33. Holding Tank IV (V-206)
HOLDING TANK IV (V-206)
Function : to hold the distillate from distillation III
Type
flat closure
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
V.2.34. Pump XIV (P-210)
PUMP XIV (P-210)
Function : to transport the mixture form distillation III to reboiler III
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 1.49 m/s
Power : 0.25 kW
V.2.35. Pump XV (P-211)
PUMP XV (P-211)
Function : to transport the mixture form reboiler III to holding tank V
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 1.54 m/s
Power : 0.25 kW
V.2.36. Holding Tank V (V-207)
HOLDING TANK V (V-207)
Function : to hold the bottom product from distillation III
Type
flat closure
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
V.2.37. Pump XVI (P-212)
PUMP XVI (P-212)
Function : to transport the mixture form holding tank V to distillation IV
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 1.54 m/s
Power : 0.25 kW
V.2.38. Distillation IV (T-204)
DISTILATION IV (T-204)
: to separate furfural and levulinic acid from the mixture of
Functtion
furfural, levulinic acid, and 5-HMF
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Type Type
exchanger exchanger
Passes :2 Passes :2
Utilities : water
Isolator :
Thickness : 0.09 m
V.2.39. Accumulator IV (V-208)
ACCUMULATOR IV (V-208)
Function
Type
flat closure
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
V.2.40. Pump XVII (P-213)
PUMP XVII (P-213)
Function : to transport the mixture form accumulator IV to reactor III
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 1.08 m/s
Power : 6.00 kW
V.2.41. Pump XVIII (P-214)
PUMP XVIII (P-214)
Function : to transport the mixture form distillation IV to reboiler IV
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 1.36 m/s
Power : 0.25 kW
V.2.42. Pump XIX (P-215)
PUMP XIX (P-215)
Function : to transport the mixture form reboiler IV to holding tank VI
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 0.14 m/s
Power : 0.25 kW
V.2.43. Holding Tank VI (V-209)
HOLDING TANK VI (V-209)
Function : to hold the bottom product from distillation IV
Type
flat closure
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
V.2.44. Reactor III (R-301)
REACTOR III (R-301)
: to react formic acid to be carbon dioxide and hydrogen and
Function
levulinic acid to be angelica lactone and water
Type : mixed flow reactor with hemispherical dished head and closure
Amount : 10 units
Specification :
Head height : 1.125 m Shell thickness : 1,00 in
Agitator : Jacket :
four baffle
Impeller diameter : 1.13 m
Impeller height : 0.75 m
Power : 43.00 kW
V.2.45. Pump XX (P-301)
PUMP XX (P-301)
Function : to transport the mixture form reactor III to reactor IV
Amount : 10 units
Specification :
Velocity : 1.56 m/s
Power per unit : 6.00 kW
Power per 10 units : 17.50 kW
V.2.46. Reactor IV (R-302)
REACTOR IV (R-302)
Function : to react angelica lactone and hydrogen to be g-valerolactone
Type : mixed flow reactor with hemispherical dished head and closure
Amount : 10 units
Specification :
Head height : 1.42 m Shell thickness : 1.75 in
Agitator : Jacket :
Power : 68.00 kW
V.2.47. Pump XXI (P-302)
PUMP XXI (P-302)
Function : to transport the mixture form reactor IV to vaporizer
Amount : 10 units
Specification :
Velocity : 3.77 m/s
Power per unit : 2.00 kW
Power per 10 units : 20.00 kW
V.2.48. Vaporizer (E-301)
VAPORIZER (E-301)
Functtion : to vaporize the mixture from reactor IV
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Type : kettle reboiler - horizontal shell and tube 1-2 heat exchanger
Tube inside diameter : 0.87 in
Tube outside diameter : 1 in
Tube length : 8 ft
Tube amount : 16
Passes :2
Square pitch : 1.25 in
Shell inside diameter : 8 in
Tube pressure drop : 0.008 psi
Utilities : flue gas
V.2.49. Pump XXII (P-303)
PUMP XXII (P-303)
Function : to transport the mixture form vaporizer to holding tank VII
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 0.26 m/s
Power : 0.25 kW
V.2.50. Reactor V (R-303)
REACTOR V (R-303)
Function : to react g-valerolactone to be butene and carbon dioxide
Type : fixed bed reactor with hemispherical dished head and closure
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Shell height : 6,12 m Closure thickness : 1.75 in
Isolator :
Thickness : 0.10 m
V.2.51. Condenser (E-302)
CONDENSER (E-302)
Functtion : to condense the mixture from reactor V
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Type : counter current horizontal shell and tube 1-2 heat exchanger
Tube inside diameter : 0.87 in
Tube outside diameter : 1 in
Tube length : 16 ft
Tube amount : 32
Passes :2
Triangular pitch : 1.25
Shell inside diameter : 10 in
Baffle spacing : 1 in
Tube pressure drop : 0.04 psi
Utilities : water
V.2.52. Pump XXIII (P-304)
PUMP XXIII (P-304)
Function : to transport the mixture form condenser to holding tank VII
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 0.33 m/s
Power : 0.25 kW
V.2.53. Holding Tank VII (V-301)
HOLDING TANK VII (V-301)
Function : to hold the liquid mixture from vaporizer and condenser
Type
flat closure
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
V.2.54. Reactor VI (R-304)
REACTOR VI (R-304)
Function : to react butene to be octene or biojet fuel
Type : fixed bed reactor with hemispherical dished head and closure
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Isolator : Jacket :
Material : corkboard Jacket spacing : 3 in
Thickness : 0.09 m Jacket thickness : 1 in
V.2.55. Holding Tank VIII (V-302)
HOLDING TANK VIII (V-302)
Function : to hold carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and butene
Type : horizontal-cylindrical tank with elliptical closure
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Constuction material : SA-283 grade C Tank length : 17.88 m
Tank diameter : 2.73 m Shell thickness : 4/16 in
Shell length : 16.40 m Closure thickness : 4/16 in
Closure length : 0.74 m
V.2.56. Pump XXIV (P-305)
PUMP XXIV (P-305)
Function : to transport the mixture form reactor VI to holding tank IX
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 2.04 m/s
Power : 0.25 kW
V.2.57. Holding Tank IX (V-303)
HOLDING TANK IX (V-303)
Function : to hold biojet fuel
Type
flat closure
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
V.2.58. Pump XXV (P-306)
PUMP XXV (P-306)
Function : to transport the mixture form holding tank VII to distillation V
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 1.11 m/s
Power : 0.25 kW
V.2.59. Distillation V (T-301)
DISTILATION V (T-301)
: to separate water and furfural from the mixture of water,
Functtion
furfural, GVL, and levulinic acid
Operating Condition : 1 atm and 443,93 K
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Column diameter : 0,33 m Shell thickness : 3/16 in
Head height : 0,10 m Closure thickness : 3/16 in
Shell height : 12,63 m Tray amount : 71
Closure height : 0,10 m Tray spacing : 6 in
Column height : 12,84 m Feed height : 7,43 m
Type Type
exchanger exchanger
Tube inside diameter : 0,87 in Tube inside diameter : 0,87 in
Passes :2 Passes :2
Triangular pitch : 1,25 Square pitch : 1,25 in
Baffle spacing : 1 in Tube pressure drop : 0,0081 psi
Tube pressure drop : 0,01 psi Utilities : flue gas
Shell pressure drop : 0,01 psi
Utilities : water
Isolator :
Thickness : 0.08 m
V.2.60. Accumulator V (V-304)
ACCUMULATOR VI (V-304)
Function
Type
flat closure
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
V.2.61. Pump XXVI (P-307)
PUMP XXVI (P-307)
Function : to transport the mixture form accumulator V to holding tank
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 0.48 m/s
Power : 0.25 kW
V.2.62. Holding Tank X (V-305)
HOLDING TANK X (V-305)
Function : to hold water and other impurities
Type
flat closure
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
V.2.63. Pump XXVII (P-308)
PUMP XXVII (P-308)
Function : to transport the mixture form distillation V to reboiler V
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 1.64 m/s
Power : 0.25 kW
V.2.64. Pump XXVIII (P-309)
PUMP XXVII (P-308)
Function : to transport the mixture form reboiler V to holding tank XI
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 0.60 m/s
Power : 0.25 kW
V.2.65. Holding Tank XI (V-306)
HOLDING TANK XI (V-306)
Function : to hold recycle components
: vertical-cylindrical tank with torispherical dished head and flat
Type
closure
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
V.2.66. Pump XXIX (P-310)
PUMP XXVIII (P-309)
Function : to transport the mixture form holding tank XI to reactor III
Amount : 1 unit
Specification :
Velocity : 0.60 m/s
Power : 5.00 kW
V.3. List of Piping

Nominal
Inside Diameter
From To Material Schedule Diameter Length (m)
(in)
(in)
Dissolver Reactor I SS-117L 40 2.500 2.469 12.5
Reactor II Centrifuge SA-283 40 3.000 3.068 9
Centrifuge Holding tank I SA-283 40 3.000 3.068 6
Holding tank I Distillation I SA-283 40 1.000 1.049 9.5
Accumulator I Distillation II SA-283 40 1.000 1.049 13
Distillation I Reboiler I SA-283 40 1.250 1.380 7
Reboiler I Holding tank II SA-283 40 0.375 0.493 9
Holding tank II Distillation III SA-283 40 0.375 0.493 8.5
Accumulator II Holding tank X SA-283 80 1.000 0.957 31
Distillation II Reboiler II SA-283 80 2.000 1.939 6
Reboiler II Holding tank III SA-283 80 0.125 0.215 6.5
Holding tank III Distillation III SA-283 80 0.125 0.215 13
Accumulator III Holding tank IV SA-283 40 0.250 0.364 2.5
Distiilation III Reboiler III SA-283 40 0.375 0.493 5
Reboiler III Holding tank V SA-283 40 0.250 0.364 6
Holding tank V Distillation IV SA-283 40 0.250 0.364 5.5
Accumulator IV Reactor III SA-283 80 0.375 0.423 118
Distillation IV Reboiler IV SA-283 40 0.375 0.493 5.5
Reboiler IV Holding tank VI SA-283 40 0.125 0.269 2
Reactor III Reactor IV SA-283 80 5.000 4.813 192.5
Reactor IV Vaporizer SA-283 80 3.500 3.364 27.5
Vaporizer Holding tank VII SA-283 40 0.250 0.364 8
Condenser Holding tank VII SA-283 40 0.250 0.364 6.5
Reactor VI Holding tank IX SA-283 40 0.125 0.269 5.5
Holding tank VII Distillation V SA-283 40 0.125 0.269 12
Accumulator V Holding tank X SA-283 40 0.125 0.269 6
Distillation V Reboiler V SA-283 40 0.125 0.269 5
Reboiler V Holding tank XI SA-283 40 0.125 0.269 5
Holding tank XI Reactor III SA-283 80 0.125 0.215 100
V.4. Material Selection and Specifications

V.4.1. Stainless Steel 317L (SS-317L)
In this plant, stainless steel 317L is used for some equipment, i.e. dissolver,
reactor I, reactor II, and pipe from dissolver to reactor I. The consideration of this
material use is the high corrosiveness of the process fluid. The process fluid in these
equipments contains sulphuric acid which is a high corrosive fluid. This material is used
because of the corrosive endurance. Table V.1. shows the contents of this material. From
that, it can be known that this material has low carbon content, so it makes this material
can withstand the corrosiveness. Besides that, this material also withstands the high
temperature and pressure of the process fluid which passes these equipments.
Table V.1. Stainless steel 317L properties (Outokumpu, 2016)

Chemical Compositions
Carbon (%) 0.03
Manganese (%) 2.00
Phosphorus (%) 0.045
Sulfur (%) 0.03
Silicon (%) 0.75
Chromium (%) 18.0-20.0
Nickel (%) 11.0-15.0
Molybdenum (%) 3.0-4.0
Iron (%) balance
Mechanical Properties
Ultimate Tensile Strength (ksi) 99
0.2% Offset Yield Strength (ksi) 48
Elongation in 2 inches (%) 52
Reduction in Area (%) 61
Hardness (Rockwell B) 85
Physical Properties
Density (lb/in3) 0.285
Specific Gravity 7.9
Melting Point (°F) 2550
Modulus of Elasticity (psi) 29 × 106
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion(1/°F) 8.9 × 10-6
Thermal Conductivity (Btu/lb hr °F) 8.7
Heat Capacity (Btu/lb °F) 0.12
Electrical Resistivity (-inch) 33.5 × 10-6
V.4.2. Carbon Steel 283 Grade C (SA-283)

For the other equipments, carbon steel 283 grade C is enough to be used,
because the process fluids do not cause high corrosiveness. The process fluids only have
high temperature because of the process. If only to hold high temperature and pressure,
this material is also suitable. This material contains higher carbon content than stainless
steel 317L, it causes this material cannot hold corrosive fluid. The properties of this
material are shown in Table V.2.
Table V.2. Carbon steel 283 grade C properties (ASTM A283/A283M-13)
Chemical Compositions
Carbon (%) 0.24
Manganese (%) 0.90
Phosphorus (%) 0.03
Sulfur (%) 0.03
Silicon (%) 0.15-0.40
Copper (%) 0.20
Iron (%) balance
Mechanical Properties
Ultimate Tensile Strength (ksi) 55-75
0.2% Offset Yield Strength (ksi) 30
Physical Properties
Density (lb/ft3) 490
Modulus of Elasticity (psi) 30 × 106
Thermal Expansion (m/m K) 12
Heat Capacity (J/lkg K) 450

Equipment Specifications: V.1. Consideration in Equipment Selection V.1.1. Rotary Cutter

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Equipment Specifications: V.1. Consideration in Equipment Selection V.1.1. Rotary Cutter

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CHAPTER V

V.1. Consideration in Equipment Selection

V.3. List of Piping

V.4. Material Selection and Specifications

Table V.1. Stainless steel 317L properties (Outokumpu, 2016)

V.4.2. Carbon Steel 283 Grade C (SA-283)

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