Industrial training at

On the topic:-
STUDY OF RADAR SYSTEM

Submitted by:-
Bhawana, B.Tech IV year, ECE
Under:- Mr.Sanjay Kumar
 INTRODUCTION
 RADAR is an acronym for
RAdio Detecting And
Ranging.
 First successfully
demonstrated in 1936.
 It uses electromagnetic waves.
 It enjoys wide range of
application. The World War II
‘Wurzberg Rise’

RADAR
 Principle Of Working

Radar is used to find the

• Location,
• Distance,
• Direction of the target.
 Radar Range Equation
Rmax = [Pt .G.б.Ae / (4П)2Smin]1 / 4
G = 4ПAe / λ2
Ae = G.λ2 / 4 П
Where Smin = Minimum power received
Pt = Power transmitted G =
antenna gain б = radar cross
section of target Ae= effective
area
Rmax = Maximum Radar Range
 Types Of Radar


Primary Radar
A Primary Radar transmits high-frequency signals
which are reflected at targets. The arisen echoes
are received and evaluated.
Secondary Radar
At these radar sets the target must have a
transponder (transmitting responder) on board
and this transponder responds to interrogation
by transmitting a coded reply signal.


Classification on the basis of use:
 SOME RADAR SETS

3-D surveillance Radar Low Level Light Weight Radar Low level Light weight
(ROHINI) (ASHLESHA) Radar(BHARANI)

INDRA II
 RADAR DEVICES
ANTENNA

TRANSMITTER

RECEIVER
RADAR DISPLAY
 RADAR ANTENNA
An antenna either receives energy from an
electromagnetic field or radiates electromagnetic waves
produced by a high frequency generator.

Parabolic antenna Cassegrain antenna Slot antenna

TRANSMITTER
A radar transmitter generates RF- energy
Necessary for scanning the free space.

RECEIVER
The function of the receiver is to take the weak
echoes from the antenna system, amplify them
sufficiently, detect the pulse envelope, amplify
the pulses, and feed them to the indicator.
 RADAR DISPLAY
A-SCOPE

B-SCOPE

PLAN-POSITION INDICATOR(PPI)
A-SCOPE

Presents only the range

to the target and the
relative
strength of the echo.
B-SCOPE
It provides a 2-D
representation in which
horizontal axis represents
measurement of azimuth (
bearing) and vertical axis
represents the
measurement of the
range
PLAN-POSTION INDICATOR(PPI)
It is an intensity-modulation
type display system which
indicates both range and
azimuthal angle of the target
simultaneously in polar
coordinate.
The distance of the bright
spot radiating outward from
the centre gives the range or
the distance of the target
from the radar transmitter
while the
direction in which the spot deflects at certain instant
corresponds to the direction of radar antenna (i.e. target
direction) at that instant.

Thank You