Fish-la- iota

ENGINEERING

1. Pumps used in aquaculture application Centrifugal and air-lift.

2. Centrifuge pumps are roto dynamic

3. Centrifugal pumps are classified depending orientation of the rotating shaft.

upon

4. Large diffuser pumps often have efficiencies 90%

upto

5. Pump capacity (Q) L/min or m3/S or gpm or ft 3/5 or c/s

6. Power imparted to water by the pump WHP (water Hors power)

7. WHP QHS [ Q – capacity; H – Head;

K
S – spg ; K – constant ]

8. Specific gravity of water is 1 atm 200C (680F)

9. Efficacy of pump (Ep) WHS output

100 =
BHP input

10. Pumps are never 100% efficient.

11. The greatest theoretical function lift possible in10.6 m (34 ft) (at 100C or 500F);
limited recommend is 705 or 7.4 m.

12. Pumps can be operated both in series and parallel.

13. Surveying where the curvature of the earth is Geodite surveying or trigonome
taken into account -trical surveying.

14.Surverying where the curvature of the earth is plane survey.

not taken into account plane survey.

15. Metric chain are made in lengths of 20 m and 30 m

16. Standard specification of metric chain are IS 1492-1956

given in.

17. Engineers chain is 100 ft.

18. Gunter’s chain ( or surveyor’s chain) was Edmund Gunter of England in 1620
introduced by A.D < 66 ft long>

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19. Levels and theodolits are usually equipped stadia.

with two horizontal cross hairs called

20. Method used to measure step land b chain or stepping.

21. The referring point of all vertical distances or datum/datum surface/datum plane.
elevation

22. Glass jar hatchery was first designed and Cuttack

standarised at

23. Brood stock unit area of F.W carp Hatchery 0.3 – 0.5 ha.

24. The iron content of water should not exceed 0.2 mg/l.

25. Capacity of eco hatchery 5 m3 and 500 l (60 – 70 lakh egg).

26. Water flow rate 2.5 l/sec (initial) & 3.5 l/sec
(later)

27. The bottom width of ditch (channel) is b = 2d tan = 

determined by the formula 2

28. Specification for various pond Nursery – 0.02 – 0.06 ha

Rearing – 20%
Stocking – 0.2 – 2 ha.
29. Area distribution while designing farm Nursery – 5%
Rearing – 20%
Stocking – 75%
30. For measuring the earth work which should be Dead mean
removed from the pond bed

31. Narrow ship of land left between pond edge Bum

and to line of pond

32. The maximum supply of water in a pond 5C/sec/ha.

through out the year
33. Best soil for fish farm Sandy loam to clay loam.
34. Percentage of slope towards drainage 2%?
35. Ideal area for extensive culture 1 – 5 ha
semi-intensive 0.25 – 1 ha
intensive culture 0.025 – 0.25

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36. Amount of O2 consumed to oxidised TAN to 4.57 g.

nitrate

37. Ratio of sand, silt, clay 3 : 1: 2

38.Methods used to determine soil/texture Common field & Webber.

39. Fixed reference pt. or station of known or Bench mark.

assumed elevation from which relative
elevations of other stations are calculate

40. Matters above 2730K or absolute zero emit EMR.

41. Type of scatter which result in sky look blue Ray light & scatter.

42. Scatter cause by water vapour and dust present Mie

in atmosphere

43. The termed pixel is decreased from Picture elements

44. Sensor was first used for fishery application in 1930’s

45. Geosynchronous orbits have an altitudes upto 3600 km
46.Sun-synchronons (Helio synchronous) operates 900 km
at
47. Lidar carreid on aircraft flying at an altitude 16 m.
of 1700 m can defect fish at depth to
48. Total suspended matter are also called Seston.
49. Concentration of chlorophyll which indicates 0.2 mg/m3
planktonic life
50. Accuracy of SST and in mar real time 0.50 – 20C.

51. Changes in salinity cause significant changes 5 GHZ

in the emissive brightness temperature of water
for frequencies less than

52. No. of fishing cycle depend upon Density of fish school.

53. First mechanisation of boat Steam propulsion
54. Used of electronic equipment for fishing After world war 2
started
55. No. of gears classified by FAQ (Von Brandt. 16 nos.
1957)

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56. Harpoons are mainly used to catch Sword fish

57. Harpoon gun can subdue a whole within 15 It weighs 8 – 10 kg & 8 –30 on line
seconds

58. Cover pot or plunge barbed used in Jaisamand Tapar

lake

59. Cover pot or plunge based used in Kerala, Ootha or ottal

Madras, Mysore

60. Highest percentage of total world fish landing Purse seines

contribution

61. The hanging ratio of head rope and lead line 0.5 to 0.9

62. The length of purse line to purse sine is 1.5 tonnes longer

63. Total bouyancy maintained for the floats to 1.5 to 3.5 times.
under water weight of the pure seine net is

64. Sinking speed of purse seine vary from 40 to 260 mm/sec.

65. Seine operating from boat Boat seine/ Bawish or Scottish

seine/Burojal/Kollivala
(K)/karagaval (Ap) Thoorivala (TN).

66. Seine operating on the shore Shore seine/beach seine /Maha jal
(WB) lcambavala (K).

67. Trawl gear classification based on construction 2 seam flat fish trawl/wing/Box
of net Butterfly/Ballon/A-panel.

68. Indirect method of yarn cont : British system (Ne)768.1 m 840

yard with 1 lb
Metric system (Nm) – 1 km with 1
kg
Runnage system – m/kg,
Yds/11b,/ft/11b

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69. Direct method of yarn count: Denier system (D, Den, Tol) 9000
m has 1 gm Tex system (Tex)1000
m has 1 gm

70. System of yarn count proposed by Tex

International standard organisation (ISO)

71. Daimeter more than 4 mm Rope

less than 4 mm Ttwine
590.5 1000
72. Relationship between Tex, Ne, Nm, D Tex = = = 0.111 D
Ne Nm

73. From left to the top right Z twist (central position of Z parallel
to the ray of the strand.)

74. From right to the top left S twist (central portion of S parallel
to the lay of the strand).

75. Both fibres and yarns are given in same Z – single twist.
direction of twist *Yarn S stand S

76. Fibres and yarns are twisted in opposite Double twist.

direction (Yarn S Z – S)

77. Nylon is specified as 210/6/3

78. Cotton twine is specified as 20/0/3

79. Specific gauzy of cotton is 1.54

80. Instrument used to determine the break Breaking strength ** or

strength of a netting material dynamometer

81. Breaking load per unit denier Tenacity

82. Breaking length  fibre density Tensile strength

83. Preservative (tannin)for net available in Cutch

market

84. Optimum concentration of tannin is 4 to 6%

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85. Tannin fixation is done by oxidation Dutch method, using copper sulphate
and sodium or potassium dichromatic
(Japanese method)

86. P.C. of copper sulphate concentration 1% (f/w) and 3% (S/W)

87. Net coloring is done to increase Catching efficiency

88. Way caught by gill net – Wedged (around the body)

– Gilled (operculum)
– Tangled (other than the above
2)

89. Material used for gill net Polyamid monofilament (0.1 to 1

mm) multi-monofilament

90. Gill net bared on the process of capture & Trammel nets
retention

91. The smallest hook size No. 20

92. Species caught by handline fishing Sea bream ,jackmackeral.

93. Species caught by pole & line fishing Tuna

94. Species caught by jig line fishing Squid

95.Automatic jigging machine reduces man power 50%
upto
96. Branch line connected to mainline of long line Snoods or Gangions

97. Long line fishing can extend upto 170 km

98. Secondary leader connected to branch line Sekiyama

99. Leader wire connected to sekiyama Snood wire

100. Colour of flag pots used in line fishing Red or yellow

101. In vertical long line branch line are connected 2 m interval

for every

102. In bottom vertical long line, branch line are 20 – 25 m

hung at interval of

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103. Set nets are used in the migratory path at 25 to 45 m.

depth

104. Species caught by pound net Bass, herring, (flatfishes, cat fishes,
croakers)

105. Pots used can go as high as 500 in series

106. Tendency of fishes to be closed to solid Thigmotropism

object

107. Fyke nets are used in Shallow water

108. Stow nets are used in Tidal currents

109. Serial traps are used for catching Mullets, flying fish

110. Ex. of aerial trap Veranda nets

111. One pod of cotton seed contain 10,000 fibres.

112. Length and dia of cotton fibre 10 mm to 70 mm/ 0.01 to 0.02 mm

113. Material used for filling life jacket Kapok

114. The other name of china grass Ramie

115. Manila is obtain from plant call Abaca

116. Method of polymerisation was invested by German chemist H. Staudinger, 19

117. Phenol is extracted from Coal tar

118. Length of staple fibres varies from 40 to 120 mm.

119. Vessel which has wind on the port side shall

keep out of the way of the other vessel

120. Fishing trip in minor fishing Habour 12 to 24 lens

121. Fishing trip in inshore/offshore Habour 1 to 15 days

122. Fishing trip in seep sea fishing Habour 1 to 12 months

123. Maritime rules was detailed in Merchant shipping Act., 1958

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124. Life saving appliances was detailed in M.S.A, 1974

125. Fire fishing appliances was detailed in MSA, 1969

126. The last person to abandon the vessel will be The master

127. Heat balance is achieved after 20 to 25 mins.

128. P.C of heat loss from neck & head 30 to 40%

129. Approved life buoy shall float in P/W at least 4 hours with 14 ½ kg of iron
suspended

130. The colour of life buoy should be Orange

131.Frequency of transmitting Radio telephone 2182 KHz

132. Fishing harbour are construct and design by CICEF

133.Development of harbour infrastructure started 4th 5 yr plan

134. What does channel 16 means Safety channel

135. RDF Radio Direction finding

136. RADAR Radio Detection and Ranging

137. Dice Navigator is mainly used in North West Europe

138. Operation range for dice navigator 384 to 640 km

139. LORAN Long Range Aid to Navigator

140. LORAN was developed by USA, 1943

141. Operation range of LORAN 300 to 800 km.

142. Omega h phase diff. of very low radio wave 10 to 14 km.

143. Zinc block is used as Cathodic protector

144.Size of vessels visiting fishing harbour ranges 5 to 1000 ton

145. Depth fishing harbour need not be more than 6 m.

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146. Varity of frozen fish are stored in frozen 10 to 20 days.

storage for

147. Freebroad of berthing jetties 0.5 to 1m.

148. The line which indicate the boats head Lubber’s line

149. North pole Red

150. South pole Blue

151. The dip of compass needle towards magnetic 67 ½

pole assumed UK is as much as

152. When axis meets surface of the globe pole/Geographical pole

153. True pole is situated at Lat 700N 720 S, Long 970 W 1540 E

154. Angle contained between true and magnetic Variation

meridians

155. Instrument used to obtain bearing of object Peolorus?

not visible from the posits of boat’s compass

156. Doggered used for correcting courses and Error west compass best
bearing Error east compass least
157. IPFC Indo – Pacific Fisheries council

158. First FAO larbour engineer work for India Swedish, cost GB Jube and C Rogher
B Jube

159. SIDA Swedish International Development

Agency
160. (PISFHP). Preinvestment survey of fishing
harbour (1968)

161. Dredging by which stream of water jet of Scouring

high speed was applied

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162. Rate of water entering into the hull hole – 3A H

163. Expansion ration of from liquid to gas is 450

164. 1 kg of liquid CO2 will produce 0.56 m3 g gas

165. Conc. Of foam extinguisher 3 to 6%

166. FP Fluroprotein foam

167. FFFP Film forming fluroprotein foam

168. AFFF Aquous film forming foam.

169. Expansion ration of foam is a high as 1000

170. FIRE Final inform Restrict Extinguish

171. Dry chemical powder are suitable for Electrical fish

172. Holding power of Admiralty pattern & patent 4 to 3 times its weight
stockless anchor

173. Holding power of Admiralty east anchor type 2 ½ to 3 times

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174. Testing of anchor is done under Anchor & chain casting Act of 1967,
UK
175. Shackle is term used in USA
176. One shackle is equal to 27.5 m (27.43 m)
177. Anchor having high holding power on Danforth type
muddly or sandy bottom
178. Anchor mud mostly on small boats Crapnel anchor
179. Anchor good on rocky & coral Single fluke anchor
180. 1’ (min) one nautical mile = 6080 ft

181. Mooring done when wharf space is limited Mediterranean mooring

182. One bell Starboard;

2 bell port
3 bell head on
183. The angle between the sextant mirror doesn’t 600
exceed

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184. IMCO International Marinetime

consultative organisation
185.International Regulation for avoiding collision 1972
at sea
186. Collision rule is of 37 types divided into 5 parts

187. The total cubic capacity of a ship available Freight tonnage

for carriage of cargo
188. Density of Fresh water 1000 kg/m3
Sea water – 1025 kg /m3
Mild steel – 7850 kg /m3
Diesel – 850 kg /m3
189. High dimensional stability timber should < 4%
have shrinkage

190. Strength range of timber 562 to 722 kg /m3

191. Seasoning i.e. removal of moisture from 100% to 12%

192. Air seasoning of timber takes 3 to 4 months

193.Kiln seasoning of timber takes 8 to 10 days

194. Treatment of timber using inorganic water Boucheiri process (at 450C)
soluble preventative

195. Teak Tictona grandis Sal – Shorea robusta

196. The only material used before 18th century wood

197. Specific gravity of wood 1.56

198. Stranger in direction of grain than across 16 times

199. Length overall used of wood upto 20 m

200. Steel as a boat building material came to use 1845 to 1880

in

201. P.C of carbon good for steel boat construction 0.12 to 0.25

202. Tensile strength of steel 4735 kg/ cm2

203. Specific gravity of steel 7.84

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204.Life span of steel 30 to 40 years

205. Used of aluminum for boat construction France, 1892

206. Tensile strength of aluminium 2730 kg / m2

207. Specific gravity of aluminium 2.7

208. Used of Fereous cement for boat construction France, 1847 by Josph lambot

209. Specific gravity of Fereous cement 2.4 to 2.6

210. FRP/CRP material was first used by USA, 1946

211. Paste used to prevent such of region from Thixophic paste

vertical surface

212. Fillers used in resin China clay, chalk powder

213. Tensile strength of FRP 1050 kg

214. Sp. gravity of FRP 1.6

215. Who propose deployment bought ratio for Admiral D.W Taylor
according résistance data

216. Longitudinal members are called Carlins

217. Line where the planking joint to bed of Rabbit line

backbone structure

218. Vertical bracket of wood are called lodging knee

219. Horizontal bracket of wood are called lodging knee

220. Single pillar I-type is mostly usual in East coast

221. Which speed 10 to 90 rpm

222. Hauling speed 3 to 60 m/min

223. Size of pea ranges from 1 to 1.5 m

224. Mechanisation by GOI started in 50’s

225. Trapezoidal rule is commonly used in France & USA

226.Simpson rule is commonly used in Great Britain

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227. Compression ratio of petrol engine 5:1 to 9: 1

228. Compression ratio of diesel engine 14:1 to 22:1

229. Forward moving water is called wave ?

230. High speed engine has > 1000 rpm

231. No. of blade used when hp is more than 300 4 nos

232. Disc area Ratio and Pitch ratio value is 0.5

233. The 3R Reduction, Reuse, Recycling

234. If GM is large then boat would be stiff

235. If GM is small then boat would be tender (dangerous)

236. Phenomenon caused by off centre loading LIST

237. Phenomenon caused by unstable in upright LL

position

238. The deck shake adjoining the sheer is stringer plate

called

239. No. of frame should be even on portside odd on staboard

side

240. The height of the central level varies from 2 to 7 ft

241. Organic substance extract used for hull dammar bato

protection

242. Commonly used hull protector on Copper sheathing

mechanized boat in India

243. A fibre should be at least 200 times greater

than its width

244. ISSCFG International standard statistical

classification of Fishing Gear

245. The process of rating bottom for ripping fish fish harrows
by hold fastened to a transverse rod

246. Example of mechanized life net Chinese life acts (operated a long
kerela backwater)

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247. Total contribution of Trawl to world marine 20%

catch

248. How many Indian mechanized boat used 65%

trawls

249. What is Bull trawling known in Spain Pareja

250. Trawling useful in exploiting botton sp (like Multilining ?

prawn, lobster)

251. Name the vessel where pelagic trawling was Musena

carried out

252. Gill nets used for catching fish reservoir Frammed gill net

253. Purse since in India are used for catching Sardine and mackeral

254. Towed speed of pole lines 4 to 6 knots

255. Established selection between HP of engine Miyamoto ?

& size

256. P.C of head and foot rope in Indian purse foot rope 4-5% longer
since

257. Special life net developed to catch strong Fish wheels.

current fish (like salmon)

258. Electrical fishing is based on principle of Galvanotaxis & galvanonarcosis.

259. No. of species of timber suitable for boat- 400 sp

building material

260. Preservative used for timber Pentachlorophenol

261. 261. Life span of wooden boat 20 to 25 years

262. FRP boat first introduced in India 1968

263. Boat ideal for rocky region Satpati

264. Boat ideal for sandy bottom Boat ideal for Machwas

265. EEZ August 1976

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266.Automatic pole and line fishing rod Japan

introduced by

267. Sound waves travels through the water at 1500 m/sec.

267. The 1st plank fitted in the rabbet of the keel Garboard strabe

268. 1 nautical mile 1.052 km

269. Unmagnetised rod of iron used in compass Flinders bar

270. Radar was invented by Robert Watson Wolt, 1935

271. IMCO Inter governmental Maritimes

consultative organisation

272. Status not having Marine fishing Regulation Gujarat and W.B
act

273. Exploratory fishing operation initiated in 1946

India

COMPUTER

274. Computer is a devise made up of electronic circuit

275. Computer process data into meaningful information

276. First machine used for calculation start with Abacus

277. First mechanical calculating machine was in Blaire Pascal, 1642

-vented by French mathematician

278. First computer was devised by Charles Babbage, 1822

279. Name of the first computer Difference Engine

280. Charles Babbage is also called as Father of modern day computer

281. ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and

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Calculator

282. EDVAC Electronic Discrete Variable

Automatic Computer

283. Single computer works on discrete electric bed station/off

284. Hybrid computer are of Analog and digital computer

285. Examples of super computer Cray, PARAM

286. PCs or personal computer comes under Microcomputer

287. Bits has been derived from Binary digits

288. 8 bits in equal to one byte

289. I byte will represent a single character

290. 1024 byte kilo byte (1 KB)

291. 1024 KB 1 Mega byte (1 MB) (210 = 1024)

292. 1024 MB 1 Giga byte (IGB)

293. Input – processing – output – storage is call information processing cycle

294. The brain of the computer is CPU (Central processing unit)

295. ALU Arithmetic and logic unit

296. RAM Random Access Memory

297. ROM Read Only Memory

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298. VDU Video Display Unit

299. 5 ¼” floppy contains about 1.2 MB (720 KB)

300. 3 ½” floppy contains about 1.44 MB

301. CD Compact Disk can store 650 MB of

data

302. DVD Digital Video Disk can store &GB of

data

303. System soft ware DOS (Disk operating system),

UNIX, windows 95,98 etc.

304. Application software Wordstar, DOS – edit, MS-Word,

MS-office; Dbase, FoxPro, Oracle
Lotus, MS-Excel

305. DTP Desk Top Publishing

306. CAD Computer aided design

307. CAM Computer-aided manufacturing

308. High-level language BASIC, COBOL, Pascal, Fortran, C,

C++, C#, Java, HTML

309. COBOL Common Business Oriented

Language

310. LAN Local Area Network (covers around

100m)
311. WAN Wide Area Network (Bore than
LAN)
312. Internet for a specific purpose within a range
313. Internet for world wise network of computer

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314. W.W.W World Wide Web

315. E-mail Electronic mailing
316. Stand for Blank space
317. $ is used to denote string variable
318. ASCII American Standard lode for
information interchange
319. FTP File Transfer Protocol
320. GUI Graphical User Interface
321. HTML Hypertext Markup Language

322. HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol

323. URL Uniform Resource Locator

324. BUS Group of line used to transfer bit

between microprocessor and
component of computer system

325. ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit

326. Nibble A group of four bits

Quantities of lime decided on the texture and pH of soil

Soil pH DOZE

327. Highly acidic soil 4 – 4.5 1000 kg/ha

328. Medium acidic soil 4.5 – 5.5 750 kg/ha

329. Slight acidic soil 5.5 – 6.5 500 kg/ha

330. Neutral acidic soil 6.5 – 7.5 200

Nets and their local names

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331. Drag gill net – Denduvala

332. Barsui gill net – Catevala

333. Shere scine net – Jaruguvala

334. Large scine –

335. Drag scine net – totivala

States Reservoir River

336. U.P Nanaksagar Desha

Sardarsagar Chukananda
Rihand/G/B Pant sagar Rend
Dhandraul Bhakar
Dhora Dhora
Matatila Ganga

337. M.P Gandhisagar Chambal

Tawa multipurpose project Tawa

338. A.P Osman sagar Musl

Himayat sagar Gissi

Nagarjiena sagar Krishna

Nizamsagar Mowgina

Mopad Mammorl

339. H.P and Punjab Govindsagar Sutley

Beas Beas

340. J & K Liddar project __

341. Bihar Panchet Samader

Maithon Barakar

Conar Konar

Tilaiya Barakar

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Mayarakihi __

342. Maharastra Shivajisagar Koyna

Darwa dam Darwa

344. Gujarat Ukai __

345. Rajasthan Ranapratapsagar Chambal

Bajajsagar __

346. Karnataka (Mysore) Fungbhadra Tungbhadra

Krishnaraja sagar Cauvery

Linganamakki Sharvathi

Vanivila sagar Vedavathi

347. T.N Bhavanisagar Bhavani

Stanlay Cauvery

Pooadi Koraliyar

348. W.B Kangsabati

D.V.C Konar oam

349. Orissa Hirakud Mahandi

350. Kerela Neyyar Neyyar

Periyar Periyar

Name of chemical Wt (in fish) per 100 gm

351. Hypoxanthine Less than 25  gm

352. Histomine 50 – 60 mg

353. TMAO 10 –15

354. TVB 50 – 70

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Digestible energy In Kcal per gram

355. Lipid 8

356. Botin – Plant 3.9

– Animal 4.25

357. Carbohydrate (legume) 2

(Non – legume) 3

Fish sp Digestible energy (Kcal/gm)

358. Channel cat fish 2.7 – 3.1

359. Common carp 2.7 – 3.1

360. India & Chinese Carp 2.8 – 3.1

361. Tilapia 2.5 – 3.4

362. Trout & Salmon 2.8 – 3.4

Ingredient Crude Protein %

363. Fish meal 52 – 60

364. Prawn meal 58 – 65

365. Slaughter G water 54 – 65

366. Blood meal 79 – 68

367. Silkworm pupae 48 – 53

368. Spirulina 55 – 68

369. Alfa Alfa 13 –17

370. Groundnut cake 14 – 43

371. Soyabean cake 42 – 43

372. Coconut oil cake 22 – 28

373. Rice bran (Deolied) 15 – 17

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374. Rice bran 12 – 14

375. Wheat bran 12 – 14

376. Maize 10 – 12

Product Species

377.Ising glass Scianids, sturgeon, crab, catfish

378. Fish cavier (Roe) Sturgeon

379. Fish macaroni Barbus carratious

380. Shark & whales

381. Surmi Allarkan Pollock

382. Shark liner oil Carcarhincus melenopturus

Sphyrna blochii

Pristis cuspidatus

Glcourdo tigrinus

Source Product/by product Uses

383. Fat of liver and body (1) Fish liver oil & Vit A. Pharmaceutical

384.Protein of muscle and (2) Fish body oil Pharmaceutical

other tissue

(1) Fish flour sausages, Human consumption

harm

(2) Fish meal Animal feed

(3) Fish silage Animal feed

(4) Fish soluble Animal feed

(5) Fish manure Agriculture

(6) Fish guano Agriculture

385. Collagen of body tissue Fish ghee Industrial

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386. Collagen of air bladder Ising glass Industrial

387. Skin (1) Animal charcoal Putrification of liquid

(2) guanine Artificial pear

(3) Shagreen Abrassive

388. Scales Human consumption

389. Fin Human consumption

390. Egg Fish Roe Human consumption

391. Sterol (1) Cholesterol Pharmaceutical

(2) Squalene Moderant in dyeing

(3) Lecithin Antibloom used in

chocolate industry

392. Enzyme and hormone Enzyme & hormone Pharmaceutical

State/place Traditional boats

393. Kutch Dhow

394. Sourashtra Machwa & Lidhia

395. Bombay Satpati & Verjova

396. T.N (Madras) Tuticorin type and Pablo

397. A.P Nava

398. W.B Batchari, Chot

States Cold water lake

399. Kashmir Water, Dal, Dishensar

400. H.P. Renuka

401. U.P Bhimtal, Nainital, Devariatal, Sattal,

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Naubuchiatal

402. T.N Ooty, Shivaroy, Kodaicanal

403. Kerela Devicolam, Elephant

Species Year From To

404. Brown pout 1901 England Harwan (Kashmir)

405. Rainbow tout 1968 Japan Nilgiri (T.N)

1901 England, Ceylon, Nilgiri

New Zealand,
Germany

1968 Japan Nilgiri

1967 Europe Nilgiri

1940 England Kerala

406. Eastern Brook pout 1968 Canada __

407. Atlantic Salmon 1968 N. America Kashmir

408. Golden carp 1874 England Nilgiri

409. Common carp: Scale 1957 Bangkok Cuttack

Mirror 1939 Ceylon Nilgiri

410. Grass crap 1959 Japan, H.K Cuttack

411. Silver carp 1959 H.K Cuttack
412. Garani 1865 Java T.N
413. Tilapia mossambic 1965 Mauritius __
414. Cichlid (G. affais) 1928 Haly ? __

State Continental shelf area Coastline (Km)

km2
415. Gujarat 169 160
416. Maharastra 112 720

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417. T.N 41 1000

418. A.P 31 974
419. Kerala 40 590
420. Orissa 31 480
421. Karnataka 25 300
422. W.B. 17 157
423. Goa 10 87
424. A.N 35 2000
425. Lakshadeep 4 32
426. Pondicheery 1 45
Dominant fishing in

427. N – E Atlantic ocean Cod, Herring

428. Central cast Atlantic ocean Cephalopod & Hake

429. N – W Whale & Ha*block

430. Central West Atlantic ocean Manhaden

431. N – E Pacific ocean Allaskan Pollock

432. Central cast Pacific ocean Anchovies

433. South cast Pacific ocean Salmon, Pearl oyster

434. N – N Pacific ocean Slip month cat fish

435. Central west Pacific ocean Rock lobster ?

436. S – W Pacific ocean Blue gairdneri, coral ornamental fish

Fish Protein content Lipid content

437. Common carp Fry and Fingerling 33-38% 8 – 18%

438. Chinese carp Fry and Fingerling 36-42% 5-8%

439. IMC : Catla Fry and Fingerling 47% 5-8%

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 Fish-la- iota

Rohu Fry and Fingerling 40-45% 5-8%

440. Catfish Fry and Fingerling 36.7% 10%

441. Channel catfish Fry and Fingerling 52% 8 – 12%

442. (1) Regulation of synthesis: Gonadal steroid

Neuropeptide
Neuro amines
(2) Neuropeptides; Deeapeptide (10 amino acid)

7th position 8th position

LHRH Leucine Arginine

GNRH Trypsine Leucine

(3) Neuroamines : 6 – hydroxy phentolanine

5 – hydroxy tryptonine
Adrenaline, Dopamine
(4) Cryoprotectant – Glycerol, Ethylene glycol, Dimethyl Sulpha oxide

(5) Function of Vitamin:

Vit – B1 - Carbohydrate Metabolism
Vit – B6 – Protein metabolism
Vit – C – Protein synthesis
Vit – D – Ca & P metabolism
Vit – A – Ca transport across membrane, embryonic
development

Vit – E – Product HUFA, Antisterility

(6) Stocking Density

Extensive – 3000 / ha
Semi – intensive – 7 – 10,000
Intensive – 15,000 – 20,000

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 Fish-la- iota

(7) Fishery Suspended solid

Good < 25 mg/lt
Moderate 25 – 80 mg /lt
Poor 80 – 400 mg /lt
Very poor > 400 mg/lt

FISH PROCESSING TECH

I. SEAWEEDS

443. In Japan agar is believe to be discovered by Minoya Tarozaemon (1658)

444. Monument for agar Shimizumura

445. Industrial use of agar started during 18th century (dawn)

446. And is called as Kanten

447. The word Agar-Agar originated from Malaysia

448. In French & Portuguese, it is called *Gelora

449. Originally Gelidium agar constituted Genuine agar

450. Seaweed are also called (Dead Seaweed) “Argazos &

451. Gelidium occurs on Rocky bed

452. Graularia occurs on Sandy bed

453. Agar is complex of two polysaccharides obtained Agarose & Agaropectin

from red algae

454. Agar contain mainly Galactose

455. Molecular weight of nondegradable agarose 120000

456. To keep seaweeds for long period treated with Formalin (2%)

457. Gracilaria edulis is exploited in India from Gulf of Mannar, T.N

G. acrossa is exploited in India from Pampan, Vedalai & kilakavi

(T.N)

458. G. acrossa grows in Shallow area & attached to

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 Fish-la- iota

pebbles & Stone

459. Process in which gel contracts on standing & Syneresis

exude liquid (Require > 24 hrs)

460. Food grade agar should be free from E. coli & Salmonella

461. Gelling temperature of agar 320 – 360 Unique property

462. Melting temperature of agar 85 – 860

463. Agar can be used on pH range of 5–8

464. Most common method for measuring gel Nikan – Sui Method
strength

465. First phycololloid used in Food industry Agar

466. Use of agar in human food Industry is permit by FAO/WHO codex Alimentarius

467. In human food Industry used mainly as Gilling agent q

468. For viscosity, concentration use is 1%

469. For Stabilizing agent concentration use is 1/100 or less

469. Widely used media in Meat Industry Soft boiled sausage agar

470. Food for insect during netamorphosis Specially prepared Agar

471. Gelidiella acerosa & Gracilaria folifera Coral reef area of Mandapam

472. Gracillaria lichonoides occar in Gulf of Mannar

473. G. verrucosa occur in Chilka lake

474. Agaroids viscous with low gel strength yielding Hypnea & Spyridia
algae

475. Edible red algae Rhodomenia palmata

476. “Nori” in Japan is prepared from Porphyra sp.

477. Nori is called by European countries as Laver

478. Seaweed is less as source of energy due to Cellulose content

479. Porphyra sp is a good source of Vit E & Vit B1 (Thiamine)

480. Rhodomenia palmaia is used as cattle/sheep few In Scandinavia

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 Fish-la- iota

482. Seaweed use for manufacturing of agar-agar in Gracilaria edulis

India is

483. Algin is used in the form of Sodium alginate

484. Algin is found in Brown algae (Phaeophyceae)

485. Algin yielding plants are called as Alginophytes

486. Commonly used species are Laminaria,

Macrocystis,Sargassum

487. Most common species used in India Savgassum when it is an

auniable – Turbinayia

488. Method for producing Algin or Alginine acid (1) Stanford proess

(2) Keteo process

(3) Algin corporation process

489. Mainly used in Ice cream, also in cosmetic as

shampoo

500. Laminaria is also called as Macrocystes Kelp

pyrifera

Macrocystis pyrifera Giant kelp

Laminaria digitata Horse tail kelp

L saccharina Sugar kelp
501. Macrocystis is harvested on West coast of N. America
502. Nereocystis grows along with Macrocystis

503. Ascophyllum nodosum grows in Intertidal zone

504. In India, sargasum grows in T.N. coast, Kerela & Gujarat

505. Alginic acid was first discovered by Stanford in 1881

506. Alginic acid is liniar solymer 2 monome rice L- guluronic acid

unit. Such as

507. Basic structure of each monomer is Tetrahydropyran ring

508. Synthetic derivatives of alginic acid is Propylone glycol alginate

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 Fish-la- iota

509. In brown seaweed alginic acid is present as Calcium salt

CARRAGEENANS

510. Third most important hydrococcoid Carrageenan

511. 1st or most important hydrococcoid Starch

512. 2nd most important hydrococcoid Gelatin

513. Carrageenas are obtained from Rhodophyceae (Aed scacoced)

514. World largest produer of carrageneens Phillipines

515. Word carrageenans is taken from Irish Word Carraigeen, meaning

516. Carrageenans are also called as Irishmosh

517. Carrageenans are mainly extracted from Chondrus crispus

518. Kapa carrageenan is fractionally precipitated by Pottasium chloride

519. Lamda carrageenan is fractionally precipitated

by

520. All carrageenan have ability to from gel by Hot milk

cooling in

FISHERIES RESORUCE

521. Major fish resource that contribute marine Alaska pollack and Japanese
capture fisheries are Anchovy

522. Finishes comprises of f/w capture fishery 46%

532. Amount contributed by crustacean 7.6%

533. Amount contributed by Mollusk 7%

534. Highest number of fish species culture in Asia (172)

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 Fish-la- iota

535. 2nd highest number of fish species culture in Europe (99)

536. Highest culturable item in world Laminaria japonica (kelp)

537. 2nd culturable item in world Crassostrea gigas (paupic

cuppal oyestera)

538. 3rd culturable item in world Siliver carp

539. 4th culturable item in world Grass carp

540. 5th culturable item in world Common carp

541. In Asia, fish supply - of animal protein 35 – 60%

542. Fish on average contain 10-22% protein

1 – 20% fat

0.5-5.1 mineral

543. In world, about – people rely on fish for their 1 billion

animal protein requirement

544. Highest per capita consumption of fish Japan (72.1)

545. India is in 15th position with consumption of 9 (2000)

546. Highest Inland fish production China (2,280,000 tonnes (1998)

547. 2nd highest Inland fish production India (6,50,000 tonnes, 1998)

548. Centre of World fish consumption Asia

549. Low Income Food deficit countries (LIFOC) 20% of total export
share in total fish export

550. India has 14 major river with catchment area of >20,000 km2

551. Different river system in India have combine 29000 km

length of s

552. Single largest inland fishery resource Reserviour (in Size and
production)

553. Indian flood plain lake (0.24 m ha) is continuity Ganga & Brahnaputra
of

554. Area of estuary in India 2.7 million ha

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 Fish-la- iota

555. Average production of estuary 45-75 kg/ha/yr.

556. Area of Reservoir 3.15 million ha

557. Number of small reservoir 19, 134 nos (Area = 1.48 mil ha)
Number of Medium reservoir 180 134 nos (Area = 0.52
mil.ha)
Number of Large reservoir 56 nos (Area = 1.14 mil ha)
558. Production of reservoir 0.94 lakh tonnes
79% small reserviours
14% lare reserviorus
7% medium reserviors
559. Average production of reservoir 20 kg/ha/yr.

560. Indian upland fishery includes 8253 km – Rivers

21900 ha – natural lakes

29700 ha – reservior

561. Marine production falls during 1980’s – 1990’s

562. Marine production reach plateau in 1990’s

b) Fishery potential in India

Length of coastline (km) 8118.00
EEZ (million km2) 2.02
Continental shelf Area (‘000 km) 506
Length of Rivers, canals (km) 191,024.00
Brackish water Area (million ha) 1.23
Reservoir area (million ha) 3.15
Tanks & pond (million ha) 2.25

Beels, oxbow and dereliet water (mil.ha) 0.82

Marine fish potential (mil. Tonnes0 3.93

Inland fish potential (mil tones) 4.5

563. Indian EEZ was declared in 1977

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 Fish-la- iota

564. In 2.01m km2 EEZ of India

West coast comprises 0.86 m. km2

East coast comprises 0.56 m. km2

Amdaman & Nicobar Comprises 0.60 m. km2

565. Potential of EZZ (Afdt, Ministry of Agri) 3.93 million tonnes (Oct. 2000)

Out of which demersal fishes comprises 2.02 m. tonnes

Out of which pelagic fishes comprises 1.67 m. tonnes

Out of which oceanic resource fishes 0.24 m. tonnes

comprises

566. Percentage of Share of aquaculture in inland fish 75 – 80%

production is

567. F/w aquaculture resource in India 13.67 m. ha

568. Fish Farmers Development Agencies (FFDAS) 70’s

was set up during

569. Area brought under scientific culture by FFDAs 5.30 lakh ha.

570. FFDAs imported training to 6.06 lakh fisher folk

571. Total nos. of FFDAs in India 422

572. Highest production under FFDAs Punjab 4735 kg/ha/yr.

Lowest production under FFDAs Gujrat 1245 kg/ha/yr.

573. Highest shrimp production was during 1995 (82800 mt)

574. Present production of shrimp 82000 mt (1999)

575. Total fish production in India 5.9 million mt (2001)

576. Present fish consumption 9.5 kg/person/annum

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 Fish-la- iota

EXPORT

577. India started export during early part of this Dried fish to Srilanka, Burma,
century with Singapore & Hongkong

578. India stored export of canned shrimp & fish 1950’s

579. Percent of fish consumption in fresh form 67% of total production

580. Percent of fish used for fish meal 6% of total production

581. Percent of fish consumed in processed form 23% of total production

582. Out of which percent of fish in drying 16%

in freezing 7%

in Canning 0.5%

583. Percent of marine product in total export & 3.4%

canning

584. Total export (MPEDA 2001) 440.5 (‘000 tonnes)

6443.89 Rs. Crores

585. Culture shrimp contribute (in export) 52% in quality

586. Major form of fish export Frozen fish

587. Major Market Japan (45%) folowed by

European Union
588. In World, Percent of fish consumed in fresh from 36%

Percent of fish consumed in process form 64%

Biochemical composition

589. Four major components in edible portion of fish Water

Protein

Lipid (oil or fat) Proximate

Ash (minerals) composition

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 Fish-la- iota

590. This account for – of total tissue component 96 – 98%

591. Proximate composition of Indian fishes

Water 65 –90%

Protein 10 – 22%

Fat 1 – 20 %

Mineral 0.5 – 5%

592. Composition in sp wise Moisture PR. Fat Ast

(1) Catla catla 76.30 19.6 1.3 0.9

(2) Cirrbinus mrigal 77.1 19 1.1 1.4

(3) Labeo rohita 76.9 19.1 0.2 0.9

(4) Cyprinus carpio 74.84 20.84 3.15 1.17

(5) Harpodon nehereus 88.5 7.5 2 1.5

(6) Rastrelliger kanagurta 71.19 21.21 7.51 1.33

(7) Milk fish (Chanos chanos) 70.9 23.5 3.6 1.4

(8) Mussel (P. viridis) 76.69 12.55 2.57 2.06

(9) Sardinella longiceps (Oil sardine) 67.01 19.38 11.7 1.73

(10) Tilapia mossambica 77.3 20.47 0.58 0.9

(11) M. rosenbergii 78.29 21.17 0.27 0.37

(12) P. indicus 76.81 17.50 0.58 1.46

593. Bombay duck found in North – West contain 90% water

594. The term protein is taken from Greek word. Protos – first (white
et al.)

595. First major component in muscle of fish Water

596. 2nd major component in muscle of fish Protein

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 Fish-la- iota

597. Protein contents of muscle is considered low is > 15%

598. Red muscle has lower protein than Light muscle

599. Protein fraction soluble in salt of low ionic Sarcoplasmic protein

strength (<0.15) are called

600. Protein fraction soluble in salt of high ionic Myofibrillar protein

strength (>0.5) are called

601. Sarcoplasmic protein account for 25 – 30% of total protein of fish

35 – 40% of total protein in

mammal

40% of total in mammal

602. Myofibrillar protein accounts for 65% of total protein in fish

603. Protein responsible for gelling properties of fish Myofibrillar protein

604. Stroma protein account for 3% in teleost

605. Texture of fish muscle is due to Low content of stroma protein

607. Major component of fish muscle (lipid) are Triacylglyceral of long chain

Phosphoglycerides fatty acid

608. Major constituent of depot fat from muscle Triacylglycerols

609. There is lipid built up during feeding and Cod, haddock, hake etc.
decrease during spawning in

610. Role of lipid in tissue Energy source

611. Phospholipids is essential components of Cell membrane

612. Fatty present in fish muscle (Most common) Unsaturated fatty acid (10 – 22
carbon chain +0.6 double bond)

613. Fatty acid always have (in fish) Even number of carbon atom

614. Unique characteristic of fatty acid in fish High degree of unsturation

615. Number of fatty acid present is fish sp 50 different acid

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 Fish-la- iota

616. Important saturated fatty acid present Myristic, Palmoleic and stearic
acids

617. Important monounsaturated fatty acid Palmitoleic and oleic acid

618. Important polyunsaturated fatty acid Arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic

& docosa hexaenoic acid

619. Result of lipid hydrolysis Release of free fatty acid

620. Lipid hydrolysis in muscle tissue is due to Lipase enzyme

621. Primary products of lipid acidation Hydroperoxides

622. Fish flesh is generally richer than meat in Fat soulube vit (A, D & E)
contents of

623. Shark liver is an excellent source of Vitamin A.

624. Cod liver oil is an excellent source of Vitamin A

Vitamin D

POST-MORTEM CHANGES IN FISH

625. Minimum requirement of protein in human 36 gm /day

626. Average fish contents Water Protein Lipid Mineral

627. Stiffening of body is called Rigor mortis

628. Rigor mortis process quickly in Active fish than inert firsh

629. Knowledge on rigor mortis is based on study of Bate Smith & Bendall (1956)

630. Ultimate and product of ATP breakdown is Urea

631. Value of hypoxanthene in spoiled fish Smicromoles/g of **

632. Value of hypoxanthene in fresh fish Zero (0)

633. Symbol used for index of fresh ness of fish “K value” proposed by Saito et
al. (1959)

634. Value of K in freshly caught fish 0

In moderate quality fish 10 – 20

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 Fish-la- iota

In spoiled fish 90

635. Bacterial load or skin surface of fish 103 – 105/cm2

In case of gills 104 – 106/gm of tissue

In case of gut 105 108 / gm of gut content

636. Freezing caused death of bacteria upto an extent 60 – 90%

of

637. Objective test of quality of fresh to fish Estimation of hypoxanthine

638. Histamine develop in fish After 40 – 50 hrs of death

639. Histamine cause food poisoning known as Scombroid posoning

640. Acceptable level of Trimethy Amine Oxide 1.5 mg of TMA nitrogen/ 100
(TMA0 ) gm of fish

641. Fish is considered too spoiled when TMA levels 10-15 mg TMA nitrogen/ 100
gm of fish
642. Oxidative Rancidity is fish is determined by Estimation of peroxide value (pv
<10)
643. For a good fish Pv value should be <10

644. Media used for total plate count (TPC) is

For ocean fresh fish Seawater Agar (SWA)

For process fishery product Tryphtone Glucose beef Extract

Agar (TGA)
FISH SILAGE

645. Fish silage can be made by 2 method (1) External addition of acids
(Acid preserved silage)

(2) Insitu production of acid by

bacterial fermentation
(Fermented silaqe)

646. A whole/part of fish presented by adding acid or Fish silage

by anaerobic production of lactic acid bacteria
is called is

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 Fish-la- iota

647. In fermented silage, Fish chopped is mixed with Molasses (fermentable

carbohydrates( & Lactic acid
bact.
648. Lactic Acid Bacteria produce antibacterial Bacteriocins
chemical or antibiotics known as
649. Processing waste from shrimp peeling, filleting 28000 tonnes/annum in India
fish minced & Surimi plant is
650. In fish silage preservation, molecules responsible Unionized acid molecule
for preservative action is
651. In Acid preserved silage Organic acid are preferred

652. When inorganic acid is used, it is needed to Chalk

neutralized with

653. Organic acid mainly used is
654. In organic acid mainly used is
655. Sulphuric acid can also be replaced by
Formic acid & Propionic acid (at
2.2/w/w level)
Sulphuric acid (at 2.8 – 6.3 w/w
for oily or bony fish)
Hydrochloric or phospheric acid

656. Acid proteinases that contribute Autolysis are Pepsin, cathepsins B & D.

657. In Fermented silage, lactic acid Bact. Use Lactobecillus planatrum, L.

bulgasicus & stroplococcus
thermophilus
658. Most common LAB is L. planatrum

659. Quantity of inoculum for fermentation 107 – 109 cfu/g silage

670. Fermentable carbohydrate most often used is Mollases (at 10% level)

Class note

671. Main principle of fish silage preparation Liguefaction

672. Commercially used in Scandinavia & Poland

673. Formula for estimation of quantity of mineral 0.14a + 0.96 = by Edin (1940)
acid
A = crude protein, 6 = % of ash

674. Quantity of chalk for neutralization 20 – 50 kg /1 ten of silage

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 Fish-la- iota

675. Use of fish silage is Poultry + Piggery feed

supplement

ISINALASS AND FISH MAWC (Class note)

676. Isinglass sis used for producing Fish gelatin

677. The word isinglass is derive from Dutch & German

678. The word isinglass is means Sturgeon air blandder/swimming

679. Isinglass is Pure collagen protein

680. Best air bladder of fish for isinglass Polynemidae group of fish

2nd – Sciacnidae

3rd – Cat fish

681. Dried air bladder is known as Fish maws

682. Nos. of layer in air bladder 6 – 7 layer

683. Air bladder of fish contain mostly Collagen

684. Part of air bladder, for producing isinglass Middle layer (collagen)

685. Ribbon form, produce from roller has thickness 1/6” inch

686. Most common form of isinglass produced Powder form

687. Isinglass in used for edible purpose in Singapore and Hongkong

688. Isinglass is also used for manufacture of Indian ink

689. Isinglass is dissolve readily in Dilute acid/alkali

690. Isinglass is insoluble in Alcohol

691. Characteristic that make it different for gelatin Characteristic in hot water os
produce opalescent jelly with
fibroustructure

692. Moisture content of Isinglass <8%

693. Insoluble ash content of isinglass <1.5%

694. Fish maws are principally used for Clarification of wines

40
 Fish-la- iota

695. Fish maws are used in china for making Soup

696. Air bladder for fish maws – superior quality is Tongue shape

697. Air bladder for fish maws – inferior quality is Round shape

698. Most suitable fish air bladder for Isinglass is Deep water hake

699. Fish air-bladder used in Indian is from Reed & cat fish

700. Powder from of isinglass is develop in India by CIFT

FISH GLUE (Book) & (Notes)

701. Raw material Skin & bones (head)

702. Simplest & cheapest method for manufacture Dialysis (remove salt & evapos).

703. Production procedure is developed by John & Roger

704. Most suitable fish for production of fish glue Cod + Cush

705. More preferred form of skin for fish glue Salted fish skin than fresh skin

706. The chloride contents should be <0.1% (else render hygro )

707. Washing of salted skin require time of 15 – 18 hrs.

708. Washing of fresh skin require time of 1-2 hrs

709. After washing treated with 1% coustic soda 1% Hcl &

saturated lime s

710. ½ gallon of glacial acetic acid/ ton is require To clarify glue

711.‘First run’ – (70 – 800 C) First glue after 8 hrs cooking

712. 2nd run – (80 – 900C) 2nd glue after 8 hrs cooking

713. Residue of fish glue is used for Poultry feed supplement

PEARL ESSENCE

714. Irridescent substance deposited in epidermal Pearl essence

layer & scale (suspension of crystalline guanin in a
solvent)

715. Lustrous shining effect is produce by Guanin (organic)

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 Fish-la- iota

716. Pearl essence is produce only by Crystallin guanin

717. Genuine pearl is - Layer of crystalline CaCo3 with

layer of conchiolin

718. Form of Guanin in scale Crystalline

719. Fishes containing in scale Herring, Salmon, Savcline, carpi

bonita, barracuala etc. *****

720. Organic solvent used in pearl essence Amylacelate, acetone.

preparation

INTRODUCTION TO FISHES – S.S KHANNA

721. Fish body oil is exclusively used in Soap industry & Training
722. Fishes does not have Middle ear
723. First scientific classification of lower Mesonephric
vertebrate
724. First scientific classification of lower By J. Muller (1884)
vertebrate
725. Most widely accepted classification is By Berg (1940) – 7 classes
AGNATHA
726. Earliest known vertebrates Agnatha
727. Main characters of Agnatha Absence of Jaw
728. Agnatha is divided into 5 – classes
729. Class – Euphanerida is represented by Genus Jamoytius
730. Most primitive vertebrates Jamoytius
731. Fossil of Jamoytius is describe by White in Siluvian of England

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 Fish-la- iota

732.Class – Heterostraci (Pteraspida) is Pteraspis

represented
733. Earliest known ostracoderms Heterostvaci – i.e. pteraspis
734. Ostracoderms live during time of Mid Ordovinion – Devonion
735. Class – Anaspida is represented by Birkenia
736. Class- osteostraci/cepha laspida, represent Cephalaspis & Hemicyclaspis
737. Best known ostracoderms Cephalaspids (Bottam living)
GNATHOSTOMATA
738. Earliest jaw vertebrates Placoderms
739. Earliest placoderms Acanthodians or spiny shark
740. Acanthodians is represented by Climatius
741. Armoured fishes /Joint – needed fishes Coccostei/Arthrodira
742. Best example for coccostei is Coccosteus
743. Uncalcified roof of skull is found only in Agnatha

744. Elasmobranchii are mostly Predaceous fish, living in tropical

& sub-tropical

745. Biggest fish (all living & nonliving) Carcharodon (80 feet)

746. Largest fish (Living) Rhinodon (70 feet)

747. Shark most common in Ganga river Carcharhinus gangeticus

748. Most important shark of Bombay coast C. melanosterus

749. Common saw fishes in Bombay coast Pristis cuspidatus & P. microden

750. In saw fish “Saw” is formed while Young is still in uterus

751.Most common skate along Bombay coast Rhinobatus granultus

752. Ray common In Indian coast are Dasyatis imbricata (sting ray

Aetobatus flagellum (Ecgle ray)

Torpedo marmorata (Elective ray)

753. The only eagle ray found in chilka Aetobatus flagellum

754. Shark of Indian sea Scoliodon sorrakowah

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 Fish-la- iota

755. Male organ present on the body of shark Claspers

756. Cured skin of shark is commercially k/a Shagreen

757. Air – bladder is absent in Shark

757. Fertilisation in shark is almost always Internal

758. Nos of gill slit present in shark 5-7

759. There is no clasper in Cladoselachii (Pleurospteygii)

Sub-class of shark eg.

cladoselache

760.“Maltese cross”- (Calcified cartilage Shark Trunk Vertebra

alternating with uncalcified region) present
in

761. Shape of Stomach in shark “J’ shape

762. Blind sac (at junction of cardiac & pyloric Share

stomach) is present in

763. Heart in shark is “Venous or branchial” heart (In

fish heart contain only venous
blood which passes through only
once in complete circuit round the
body.

HOLOCEPHALI

764. King of Herrings Chimaera monstrosa

765. Dipnoi are also called as Lung fishes

766. Respiration is by Aquatic and aerial respiration due

to presence of lungs

767. The organ which acts as lung is Air-bladder

768. There present two (2) lungs in Protopterus & Lepidosiren

769. There present 1 lungs in Ncoceratodus

770. 2 lungs bearing fish are kept under Order : Monopneumona

44
 Fish-la- iota

772. Oldest & most primitive lung fish Dipterus

773. Living fossils Latimeria chalumnae

774.First live specimen of Coelocanth River chalumnae of east coast of

(Latineria) was caught in (at 80 m depth) S. Africa in 1938 Dec.

775.The name Latimeria chalumnae was given Miss courteny latimer & River
after chalumnae.

776. This name was given by Prof. J.L.B. Smith

777. Second specimen was caught in 1952, near Island of Anjouan

(Madagascar)

778.Coelocanthiformes are called coelocanth Because spine on back are hollow

779. In Latimeria chalumnae, nos of sense 2 nos.

organ

780. Paired lobed fin are used for Walking & catching prey

781. Earliest known genus of this group Cheirolepis

782. Types of scale Ganoid

783. Amia calua is also called as Bow fin fishes

784. Bow fin fishes lives in lake & river of N. America

785. Lepidosteus sp are also called Garpike

786. For spawning male prepare crude nest by Amia calva
crushing vegetables
787.In Cypriniformes, the apparatus Weberian apparatus
connecting ear and air bladder is called
788. Flying fish can fly upto an altitude of 1 meter
789. Flying fish can fly and cover a distance 100 metre

790. Brood pouch is present in male fish of Hippocampus (Sea horse)

791. Four Eyed Fish (pupil divided into 2 part) Anableps (can see in air water )

792. Mosquito fish (Gambusia) are Viviparous and live bearer

793. Most deadly fish venom known is found Pterois russellii (Soorpianfish)
in

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 Fish-la- iota

794. Venom in scorpion fish is Neurotoxic

795. Fish which have air bladder in juvenile Solea fish (Solea ovata)
but doesn’t have in adult stage

796. Sucking disc is present on the top of head Remora (Sucker fish)

797. Sucker fish are used to catch turtles in East coast of Africa

798. Muscle of puffer fish is toxic and fatal to Tetrodoxin

man the toxic present is called

799. Puffer fish are consumed in Japan

800. Fishing organ in Angler fish Illicium

801. Lure organ in Angler fish Esca

802. Toad fish is present in N. America

803. Best known toad fish Opsanus tau

804. Toad fish produce sound by Vibrating its swim-bladder

805. Most primitive shark Pleurocanth shark

(Pleurocauthus)

806. First teleost fish is represented by Leptolepis (Jurassic period)

807. Fish that makes cocoon for summer sleep Protopterus (Using mucus)

808. Scale type which is not found in living Cosmoid scale

fish

809. Scale on fish are formed first at Caudal peduncle

810. Colouration of fish is due to presence of Iridocytes

two types of special cells

811. Iridocytes contain Guanin (have great reflection

power)

812. Iridocytes are also called as Mirror cells

813. Hormone causing colour change in fish Intermedin (Secreted by Pituitary)

FINS & LOCOMOTION

814. Median & paired fins are supported by Radial & dermal fin rays

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815. In bony fishes, primitive median fins is Median fins of sturgeon

816. Heterocercal caudal is found in Amphioxus & cyclostomes

817. Also called as diphercercal & found in (Dipnoi)

818. Heterocercal caudal is found in Chondriichthyes

819. Homocereal caudal is found in

820. Abbreviated heterocercal is found in Amia & Lepidosteus (Holostei)

821.Isocercal, heterocercal found in leptocercal

Anguilliformes & Notopteridae called

822. Diphyrocercal (complete disappearance of Fierasfer & Orthagoriscus

caudal fin is found in )

823. Hypocercal (inverted heterocucal) Agnatha

824. Theories on origin of paired fin

(i) Gill Accts Theory – given by Gegenbour

(ii) Fin Fold Theory – given by Balpur & Thacher supported by

Mivavt

825. Chief organs of locomotion in fishes Tail & caudal fin

826. During movement, tail is bent on one side Non-effective or backstroke

827. During movement, tail is extended & Forward or effective stroke

straightened

828. Most common method of locomotion in Carangiformes type

fish (body form ‘S’ shape curve)

829. In Elongated fish (eel), locomotion is Anguiliform type

(fish look like crawling snake)

830. Form of Locomotion in trunk fish Ostraciform

831. Usually fish swim in Horizontal position

832. In sea horse & Needle fish, fish swim Vertical position

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833. Pelvic fin are stretch with pectoral for Cypselurus

gliding in air in fish like

834. Fish which can climb tree using pectoral Anabas

and operculum

FOOD AND ALIMENTARY CANAL

835. Fry & Fingerlings with shorter in Zooplankton

testine

836. In herbivorous, plant material 75%

contribute

867. In herbivorous animal material 1 – 10%

contribute

4. TABLE OF FOOD & FEEDING HABITS

Fishes Feeding habits Food

868. Labeo rohita Herbivorous Microscopic plant, decaying
higher plant vegetable debris
detritius, muds

869. L. fimbriatus Herbivorous Filamentous algae, portion of

higher plants, decaying organic
matter
870. L. gonius Herbivorous Algae, microscopic plants,
vegetables matter, detritus, mud
871. L. bata Herbivorous Algae, microscopic plants,
vegetables matter, detritus, mud

872. Osphronemus Herbivorous Aquatic plant algae

gouramy

873. Tilapia mossambicus Herbivorous Aquatic plant & filamentous

algae

874. Ctenopharyngodon Herbivorous Aquatic vegetation, weed

idella

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875. Clarius batrachus Omnivorous Insect, worm, crustacean, fry,

larvae, decaying organic matter.

876. Heteropneustes Omnivorous Insect, worm, copepods, debris,

fossilis algae, ostracod

877. Cirrhinus mrigala Omnivorous Algae, decaying plants, mud

detritus.

878. Tor putitora Omnivorous Algae, decaying organic matter,

insect rotifer, protozoa

879. Tor tor Omnivorous Macro vegetation, filamentous

algae mollusc, insect, sand or
mud

880. Cyprinus carpio Omnivorous Algae, macro-vegetation insect

rotifer, crustacean

881. Hypopthalmichthys Plankton feeder Unicellular algae, rotifer,

molitirx decaying macro-vegetation,
detritus

882. Catla catla Plankton feeder Algae, microscopic plant, rotifer,

insect, crustacean

883. Wallago attu Carnivorous Insect, fishfry, fingerling, small

fish

884. M. seenghala Carnivorous frog, tadpoles

885. Channa maurulius Carnivorous frog, tadpoles

886. C. striatus Carnivorous frog, tadpoles

887. Catta, silver carp, puntius ticto, Gadusia chapra

Hilsa ilisha, chanda ranga, C. nama, Oxygaster Surface feeder
Barilies

888. Rohu, P. sopbore, Tor tor, Wallag attu, Mystus

vittatus Column or Mid feeder

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889. Calbasu, Bata, L. gonius, mrigal, C.reba, P.

sarvana, Mola, Magur, Shinghi, C. striatus, Bottom
C.maurilius

890. Herbivorous fish get abundant supply of food on April, May, June

891. Herbivorous fish get poor supply of food on Winter

892. Carnivorous get abundant food on April, June, Sep, Oct.

893. Carnivorous get poor food on July, Aug, December

894. Omnivorous fishes No seasonal variation

895. GaSI (Gastrosomatic Index) is For examining Feeding

Intensity

896. Formula of GaSI Wt of stomach content

 100
Wt. Of fish

897. Feeding intensity decrease during Spawning season

898. Feeding intensity increase after Spawning season

899. Stomach of fish is empty or ¼ th full, during Spawning

(due to increase in gonads size)

1000. GaSI shows seasonal variation in Both Male & Female

1001. GaSI shows maximum value during Post spwning

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