Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Breanne Kroeker
Prof. Loudermilk
ENG 1201
13 July 2019
Annotated Bibliography
My essay will explain how the physical features of plants and animals correspond to the
conditions of the environments they are found in, and how human interference affects this. I
would like to find out how plants and animals are able to thrive in varying conditions, and if
“How Humans Affect Animals,” by Melissa Kaplan, first appeared online in 1995, but
has since been updated. Kaplan writes about how humans affect animals in bad ways. Humans
destroy wild land to build homes, factories, and much more environmentally unfriendly
buildings. The factories not only destroy land, but also release chemicals into the air that affect
the birds flying over. Farmers spray chemicals onto their crops, affecting the insects that do not
necessarily hurt the crops. Next, Kaplan writes about animals in the food and fashion industry.
Humans raise and kill animals for food. Other animals are raised or hunted for their skin and fur.
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The author’s purpose for writing this article is to inform the audience about how humans
are negatively affecting animals. The audience is people wanting to learn about how humans
affect animals and what they can do to help. The information is presented in a straightforward
manner. At the end of the article, there are related readings and works cited. Since the
information stretches 19 years, it has been kept up-to-date with current human affects.
The writer and author is Melissa Kaplan. I know the author is credible because she is the
author of the whole website. I know the author has adequate information to write the article and
is reliable because everything that was written is common knowledge that can be found
anywhere.
I will use this information to explain how humans affect animals which ultimately affect
animals’ physical features. This article could also help me form my counterargument because it
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-ecology/hs-
humanimpact-on-ecosystems/a/hs-human-impact-on-ecosystems-review. 2019.
“Human Impact on Ecosystems Review,” by Salman Khan, is a review that was created
online in 2019 to help students understand how humans impact ecosystems. Human impact is a
major threat to the planets’ organisms. Humans harm the environment by destroying natural
landscapes, polluting, introducing species, and resource exploitation. Humans also change the
Earth’s atmosphere, causing climate change which also affects animals and humans alike.
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The writer’s purpose for creating this review is to help students who are having trouble
understanding how humans affect ecosystems. The audience is students who need more help, or
teachers who need help explaining human impact on ecosystems to their class. The layout of the
website clearly states that the purpose of the information is to help students and teachers learn
The writer and author is the creator of KhanAcademy, Salman Khan. The author is
credible because he is high profile and has won awards for his website. The review is credible
because Khan follows a strict way to include and edit information on his website, so everyone is
I will use the information to include human impacts on ecosystems. Also, I will use his
website to define some of the key terms I will include in my essay. Like the site prior, I could
Environment" https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/ecologists-study-
Malmstrom, appeared online in 2010. Malmstrom believes every organism is shaped by its
environment. Organisms inhabit nearly every environment, but organisms in tropic areas need
different features than organisms in polar regions. Environmental resources and constraints shape
the structure of organisms. Not only the physical environment, but also the amount of sunlight an
environment gets directly affects the photosynthesis of plants. The temperature affects organisms
too. Species have had to adapt to freezing temperatures to survive in harsh climates.
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The writer’s purpose for writing this article is to inform how organisms interact with their
environment. The audience is anyone willing to learn about how the environment affects
organisms and how the organisms, in return, interact with the environment. The website suggests
the information is family-friendly, given the bright colors and pictures. There is a search bar that
The writer is Carolyn M. Malmstrom. She is credible because she is in the Department of
Plant Biology at Michigan State University. The author has adequate information because since
she works in the Department of Plant Biology, she has access to adequate and reliable
information.
I plan to use this source in my essay to explain how organisms interact with their
environment. Unlike the other sources, this one has an equally large focus on plants and animals.
The article also branches out to focus on sunlight and temperature rather than only the physical
environment.
https://marinebio.org/conservation/marine-ecology/structures-adaptations/. 16 February
and was last edited in February of 2019. MarineBio published this article to show some of the
adaptations marine life endures to thrive. Each form of marine life has become adapted to certain
levels of salinity, temperature, and light. At depths, the ocean exerts enormous pressures on
marine life. Collapsed lungs give deep-diving animals a huge advantage because it allows the
mammal to sink and not use energy to change depths. Thusly, mammals must be adapted to the
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temperature that come with certain depths. Reptiles, mammals, and animals with shells all have
The writer’s purpose for writing this article is to list adaptations marine animals must go
through to survive the ocean. The audience is anyone wanting to learn about marine adaptations.
Since the article was written by MarineBio, all the information listed in the article is pertaining to
the ocean. The website is straightforward with pictures and videos to help viewers comprehend
There is no specific writer listed, but the writer comes from the organization MarineBio.
MarineBio is credible for writing about marine life because the whole organization revolves
around marine life, and the organization would want the correct information being distributed. It
is a reliable source for marine information because that is all the organization focuses on.
I will use the information from this source to show how the environment affects animals
in the ocean, and not just land animals. The mammals at different depths in the ocean with
different lungs help answer how environmental factors affect the physical features.
2019. It was written to explain how natural and human interaction impacts wildlife. Humans are
responsible for changes in the environment that hurt plant and animal species. Humans take up
land, animals are illegally hunted, and exotic species are brought into the environment. Human
activity destroys habitats plants and animals need to survive. Animals can also suffer from
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natural factors. Natural extinction, unfair competition, and many other factors can cause animals
to be negatively affected.
The purpose of this article is to raise awareness of how humans negatively affect animals.
The article also raises awareness to the natural causes for adaptation/extinction. The audience for
the article is anyone who wants to learn about environmental and human-caused extinctions. This
There is no specific writer listed, but the writer is from NHPBS. The information is
credible because PBS is a large, public organization who would only release accurate
information. PBS is an informative, public organization that is not concerned with money, just
I will use the information in this article to show both human and environmental factors
that can cause adaptation and extinction. This article will answer how human interference affects
Sequin, Molly. “Frogs that Can Freeze Their Bodies and 6 Other Crazy Ways that Animals
7animals-have-crazy-adaptations-to-help-them-to-survive-in-their-habitats-2016-7. 15
“Frogs that Can Freeze Their Bodies and 6 Other Crazy Ways that Animals Survive
Their Treacherous Environments,” by Molly Sequin, is online and it was written in July of 2016.
Sequin writes about how the natural world is a tough place. Some animals have interesting and
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unusual ways to adapt. Wood frogs freeze their body and stop their heart from beating to survive
in as low as -80 degrees Fahrenheit. Kangaroo rats survive in the desert by no needing to drink
water. Antarctic fish have antifreeze proteins in their blood that allows them to survive in frigid
water. African bullfrogs use mucus on their skin to survive the dry season. Cuttlefish bled into
their surroundings when threatened. Tubeworms turn toxic water into food in the deep ocean.
And the last adaptation listed is okapi have scent glands on their feet to mark their territory.
The writer’s purpose for writing this article was to prove how interesting some animals’
adaptations are in their extreme environments. The tone of the article is informal, so I believe the
article is directed at children and young adults who want to learn a little about animal
adaptations. The article was published by Business Insider, so it was written to inform by talking
The writer is Molly Sequin, and she must be credible because her article was published
by a big organization who would not distribute false information. I know at least some of the
information is accurate because some of it is stuff I learned in the past. The source is reliable
because it is nonbiased and published through Business Insider, which is a huge organization.
I will use the information in this article to prove how animals adapt to their physical
environments. The article features many different environments and different animals that that
live in those environments. This article will answer how the environment affects physical
features of animals.
“Types of Adaptations in Animals,” by Josie F. Turner, was last updated online on March
5, 2019. Turner writes about all the types of adaptations animals can have. She starts by stating
that all living beings need to adapt to their environment to survive. The adaptations can be
estivation, are related to changes in the metabolism in different organisms. Temperature is a big
factor in physiological adaptations. Structural adaptations, such as growing fins or thicker fur,
allow animals to better survive in their physical environment. Behavioral adaptations, such as
fleeing predators or hiding during sleep, lead to animals developing certain behavioral
characteristics. Animal adaptations are extensive, but some adaptations are not being allowed to
The writer’s purpose for writing this article was to inform the readers of the three
different types of adaptations and give examples of them. The audience is anyone wanting to
learn more about the different types of adaptations animals can go through. The article was
published by a website called Animal Wise, so the article only contains information about
animals.
The writer is Josie F. Turner and her credentials are listed under the title of the article. I
know the author has adequate information because she included a list of references at the end of
the article. The information is reliable because it was published on a website with information
I will use this information to talk about how animals adapt to different environments. I
will mainly focus on the structural adaptations because that pertains to my thesis, but I might
include something about the other types of adaptations. This article will also help me describe a