Globe Maritime Training Center

DAY 1
COURSE: PROFICIENCY IN SURVIVAL CRAFT AND
RESCUE BOAT (PSCRB)

IMO M.C. 1.23

STCW CODE: SEC.A VI/2- 1

OBJECTIVES:

After taking the course, the trainees shall be able to:

1. Launch and take charge of a survival craft or rescue boat in emergency

situations.
2. Operate lifesaving appliances and take charge of the survival craft engine.
3. Manage survivors and survival craft after launch / abandon ship.
4. Know the correct use of all locating devices, communication, signaling apparatus
and pyrotechnics.
5. Apply first aid to survivors and take actions to preserve the lives of those in their
charge.

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Table of Contents

DAY 1
Introduction And Safety .......................................................................... 1

General ................................................................................................... 3-7

Abandon Ship ......................................................................................... 7-30

DAY 2
Survival Craft And Rescue Boats ............................................................. 1-2

Launching Arrangements ...................................................................... 3-51

Day 3
Hypothermia ....................................................................................... 1-2

Rescue Boat Outboard Engine .............................................................. 3-4

Methods Of Helicopter Rescue .............................................................. 5-6

First Aid ............................................................................................... 7-16

Radio Equipment ........................................................................................ 17-26

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The total sum of all is “preparedness” in facing the threats to life and survival at sea.

EMERGENCIES ON BOARD SHIPS

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EMERGENCY A serious situation or occurrence that happens unexpectedly and demands

immediate action.

Types of emergencies commonly encountered on board ships:

FIRE

Fire – can arise due to faulty use of equipment, carelessness or chain reaction between
cargoes or chemicals used on board.

COLLISION

Collision- can be caused by failure of machine or steering, inadequate watch keeping or

navigational errors.

STRANDING

Grounding or stranding- can be caused by navigational errors, failure or machinery or

steering, bad weather or ship dragging its anchor.

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EXPLOSION

Explosion- like fire can arise due to faulty equipment operation, negligence or chemical
reactions.

ADVERSE REACTION OF CARGOES

Adverse reaction of cargoes- can occur due to negligence, lack of knowledge or improper
cargo segregation.

SHIFTING OF CARGOES

Shifting of cargoes- can be caused by improper stowage and securing and negligence.

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FOUNDERING

Foundering- can be caused by negligence.

MAN-OVERBOARD

Man-overboard- can happen due to negligence, disregard to safety rules, or personal

problems.

OIL POLLUTION

Oil pollution- can occur due to negligence, disregard to MARPOL regulations, or faulty
equipment.

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PIRACY AND TERRORISM

Piracy and Terrorism- can happen due to negligence, unexpected/unforeseen

circumstances.

The Face of Terrorism

Difficulties encountered in different emergencies :

1.survival craft not capable of being launched

2. absence of lighting
3. absence of personnel assigned to certain duties
4. presence of toxic fumes and flammable gases

Note : In case of fire it may be prudent to launch some or all survival crafts immediately
to stand by while fire fighting continues :

1. threat of damage to survival craft

2. save sometime in preparation for abandonment
3. to ensure the safety of passengers and crew
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Emergencies that may require launching and operation of rescue boats:

a. abandonship
b. man- overboard
c. towing
d. search & rescue

EMERGENCY SIGNALS

* can be given through the use of the ship’s whistle or bells or any other means to call
the attention of everyone on board ship to take action immediately as prescribed in the
muster list.

GENERAL EMERGENCY ALARM SIGNAL:

* Seven short blasts or more followed by one long blast of the ship’s whistle or bell.

* Announcement in public address system

FIRE ALARM SIGNAL

* continuous rapid or intermittent ringing of the ship’s bell for a period of not less than
10 seconds supplemented by the continuous ringing of the general alarm bells for not
less than 10 seconds.

ABANDONSHIP

Given verbally by the master or in his absence, the most senior and capable officer on
board as stated in the muster list.

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MAN OVERBOARD

* Three (3) long blasts on the ship’s whistle.

* Public address system shall be clearly audible above the ambient noise in all spaces
and controlled in one location on the navigation bridge or any other spaces where it is
deemed necessary.

MUSTER LIST

Contents:

* Alarm signals
* mustering stations
* Duties & responsibilities
* Location of FFE & lsa
* Different types of emergencies
* The muster list specifies who is in charge of lsa
* specifies substitutes for key persons
* Duties of crewmembers in relation to passengers
** The muster list must be prepared before the ship sails

* CREW DUTIES TO PASSENGERS:

 warning the passengers

 keeping order in the passageway, generally controlling their movements
 seeing that they are suitably clad and donned lifejacket correctly
 assembling them at muster/boat station
 Ensure add. items are carried

** muster list must be posted on conspicuous places

** Alterations or changes must be done ASAP or prepare a new one

** The vessel must have posters and signs displayed in the vicinity of survival crafts or
where deemed necessary ((IMO res.a.760 (18))

Regulation 9
Operating instructions

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1 This regulation applies to all ships.

2 Posters or signs shall be provided on or in the vicinity of survival and their

launching controls and shall:

1. illustrates the purpose of controls and the procedures for operating the
appliance and give relevant instructions or warnings;
2. be easily seen under emergency lighting conditions;
3. Use symbols in accordance with the recommendations of the Organization.

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* The person in charge and second in command, who are in charge of a survival craft,
rescue boat & marine evacuation system must have a:

> List of its crew

> Capacity of survival craft
> Deck reference system

** THE OFFICERS MUST SEE THAT

THE CREW ARE:

> acquainted with their duties

> familiarized on the ship’s lsa
> trained on safety
> Knowledgeable w/ the escape routes
> trained on communication

** Familiarization training program on board became effective on 01 feb.1997. Includes:

> lsa and firefighting equipment’s, operation and maintenance

> First aid procedures/hypothermia
> Drills on board

** conducted not later than two weeks after joining.

TRAINING AND DRILLS

REQUIREMENTS:

1. Carried out monthly.

2. Takes place within 24 hrs. If more than 25% crew are new.
3. Passenger ship, conducted weekly. International voyage, muster w/in 24
hrs.(emergency instructions)
4. Familiarity with safety installation and practice musters.
5. Drills shall be conducted as if there is an actual emergency.
6. Short voyage, if muster is not held in departure, attention of pax shall be drawn on
emergency instructions.
7. Drills conducted must be recorded in the logbook.
8. Instructions in the use of lsa and survival at sea shall be given at the same intervals
as the drills.

EACH ABANDONSHIP DRILL SHALL INCLUDE:

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1. Summoning of pax and crew

2. Performing assigned duties
3. Checking that pax and crew are suitably dressed & donned lifejackets correctly.
4. Lowering of at least one lifeboat
5. Starting and operating the lifeboat engine.
6. Operation of davits.
7. Lifeboats lowered and maneuvered on the water once every 3 months.
8. Free-fall lifeboat lowered and maneuvered on the water once every 6 months.

TRAINING MANUAL

* A manual that contains information and instructions on the life-saving appliances

provided on a particular ship.

* provided on conspicuous places on board

* contains visual aids

CONTENTS:

Instructions on:

1. lifejackets/immersion suits
2. muster list/ stations
3. boarding, launching and clearing of survival crafts
4. release from launching appliances
5. illumination/launch areas
6. survival equipments
7. detection equipments
8. .communication equipments
9. drogue & boat engine
10. recovery, stowage and securing survival crafts
11. Retrieval, helicopter operations, breeches buoy, line throw. Apparatus.
12. emergency repairs/lsa

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OPERATIONAL READINESS (REG.20)

 Before the ship leaves port and at all times during the voyage, all lsa shall be in
working order and ready for immediate use.

 -solas reg. 36 contains instructions on lsa maintenance.

Regulation 36 – Instructions for on-board maintenance

► Instructions for on-board maintenance of life-saving appliances shall be easily

understood, illustrated wherever possible, and, as appropriate, shall include the following
for each appliance:

1. a checklist for use when carrying out the inspections required by regulation 20.7;
2. maintenance and repair instructions;
3. schedule of periodic maintenance;
4. diagram of lubrication points with the recommended lubricants;
5. list of replaceable parts;
6. list of sources of spare parts; and
7. log for records of inspections and maintenance

* ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHEN CALLED TO SURVIVAL CRAFT STATION:

1. Put on plenty of warm clothing.

2. Wear and bring lifejacket
3. Go to muster station.
4. Don’t panic and waste time when alarms are heard.
THE PERSON INCHARGE OF THE SURVIVAL CRAFT SHALL:

* conduct a roll call

* check personal lsa
* check survival craft
* check communication

♦preparations for launching of survival crafts and marine evacuation system will be done
by crewmembers assigned for such tasks in accordance with the muster list and upon the
orders coming from the master.

Personal LIFE – SAVING APPLIANCES

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* Lifejacket
* Lifebuoy
* Immersion suit
* Thermal protective aid
* Anti-exposure suit

LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES

REQUIREMENTS:

 shall be constructed with proper workmanship and materials.

 shall not be damaged in stowage throughout the air temperature range of 30ºto
+ 65º c.
 operate throughout the sea water temp. Range of –1º to +30 ºc
 Rot-proof, corrosion resistant and not duly affected by seawater, oil or fungal
attack.
 Where exposed to sunlight, be resistant to deterioration.
 be of highly visible color.
 be fitted with retro-reflective material.
 If to be use in a seaway, be capable of satisfactory operation in that
environment.
 be marked with approval information, approving administration and any
operational restrictions.
 Where applicable, be provided with electrical short-circuit protection to prevent
damage or injury.
LIFEJACKET

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Type I – Offshore. Provides sufficient floatation to keep most adults

turned face up, even if unconscious Large, bulky, and hot, but
provides the most flotation (22 pounds) of the inherently buoyant
life jackets. Recommended for non-swimmers. The Type I Hybrid
life jacket provides both foam and an inflatable system in one

jacket.

Type II – Near Shore. Provides a minimum of 15.5 pounds of

buoyancy and will turn some unconscious person face up in the
water. The Type II is an excellent choice for children (some
models have a collar handle and crotch strap for added safety).
Inflatable Type II are available.

Type III – Flotation Aid. Provides a minimum of 15.5 pounds of

buoyancy. Will not normally turn an unconscious person face-up in
the water. Includes inflatable and foam type life jackets. Most
versatile and comfortable type of life jackets. Excellent choice for
most boating activities including water skiing, wake boarding,
tubing, paddle sports, hunters and anglers.

Type IV – Throw able Special Use Device. Seat cushion or ring

buoy styles. Designed to be thrown to a person in the water
and grasped and held. It is not designed to be worn. Type IV
PFD devices include buoyant cushions, ring buoys, and
horseshoe buoys. One must be on all boats 16 feet or longer in
addition to the required wearable life jacket.

Type V – Wearable Special Use Device. Hybrids include some

inflatable life jackets, wet suits and survival suits. Must be worn
for the activity stated on the label for it to meet carriage
requirements.

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LIFEJACKET REQUIREMENTS

 Shall not sustain burning or continue melting after totally enveloped in a fire for
a period of 2s.
 Capable of being worn only in one way for a period of 1 min. w/o assistance.
 Allows a person wearing it to swima short distance and board a survival craft.
 Turn the body of an unconscious person and lift his mouth 120mm clear of the
water with the body inclined not less than 20 deg. from the vertical position in
not more than 5s.
 Shall have a buoyancy which is not reduce by more than 5% after 24h
submersion in fresh water.

 shall be fitted with whistle and a white light w/a luminous intensity of not less
than 0.75cd for a period of at least 8h.(fix or flashing)

 An inflatable lifejacket shall have not less than two separate compartment w/c
will automatically inflate on immersion, be provided with a device to permit
inflation by a single manual motion and be capable of being inflated by mouth.

 Each vessel shall carry lifejacket for each person on board. Lifejackets must be
stowed on readily accessible places on board especially manned stations.

 Stowage positions must be marked “lifejackets” or “child lifejacket” or any imo

approved symbol.

 Marked with ship’s name/registry.

LIFEBUOY

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LIFEBUOY SPECIFICATIONS:

 outer diameter not < 800mm, inner diameter not < 400mm

 Made of buoyant material, not depending upon rushes, cork shavings or

granulated cork, or any air compartment w/c depends on inflation for buoyancy.

 have a mass of not < 2.5 kg

 Be capable of supporting not less than 14.5 kg. of iron in freshwater for a period
of 24 h.

 Not sustain burning or continue melting after being totally enveloped in a fire for
a period of 2 s.

 So constructed to withstand drop into the water from the stowage position.

 Have a sufficient mass to operate the quick-release arrangement provided for

self-activated smoke signal and self-igniting light.

 fitted with a grab line not less than 9.5 mm diameter

 Marked with vessel’s name and registry.

 Each vessel must carry approved lifebuoys, depending on her size.

 Each lifebuoy must be capable of being rapidly cast loose.

 Stowage position must be marked “lifebuoy” or any imo approved symbol.

 Equally distributed around the ship & readily available.

 At least 2 lifebuoys fitted with self-activating smoke signal emitting a highly

visible colour of smoke for at least 15 min.

 at least 1 lifebuoy on each side of the ship be fitted with lifeline, 30m in length
having a diameter of not < 8 mm,non-kinking type and not < 5 kn, bs.

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IMMERSION SUIT

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IMMERSION SUIT

REQUIREMENTS:

 Shall be constructed with water proof material.

 covers the whole body except the face
 Unpacked & donned w/in 2 min
 Shall not sustain melting or burning after totally enveloped in a fire for 2 s.
 provided with arrangement to minimize or reduce free air in the legs of the suit
 prevents undue ingress of water into the suit
 classified as a lifejacket if it complies with the requirements for lifejackets
 provides the wearer with sufficient mobility
 Provides wearer sufficient thermal protection. Body core temperature does not
fall more than 2ºc after 1 h immersion at water temp of 5ºc (for suits w/o
inherent insulation) and after 6 h immersion at water temp. Between 0 to 2ºc
(for suits with inherent insulation).
 Turn the wearer’s body from facedown to a face-up position in not more than 5
s.
 fitted with light and whistle
 fitted w/ retro-reflective tape
 Passenger & cargo ships on inter- national voyages are required to carry
immersion suits for each person.
 Marked with ship’s name / call sign and registry.
 must be stowed on accessible places on board & stowage positions marked
with “immersion suit”

STEP 1. Roll suit out on deck and sit on it. Insert your legs into suit using plastic bags to
make it easier. Leave on boots and other clothing for insulation and protection in the
water.

STEP 2. Place non-dominant arm into suit first (lefties-right and righties-left). Pull hood
over head with free hand.
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STEP 3. Place dominant arm in last. Pull the zipper up with care and secure flap over
your face.

STEP 4. Make sure that all straps and hoses are secure to avoid being snagged or
injured. Do not inflate air bladder until you are in the water.

THERMAL PROTECTIVE AID (TPA)

TPA

REQUIREMENTS:

 Made of waterproof material with thermal conductance of not more than 7,800
w/ (m²k).
 Reduce both the convective & evaporative heat loss from wearer’s body.
 Cover the whole body of persons of all sizes wearing a lifejacket, except the face.
 Capable of being unpacked and donned w/o assistance in a survival craft or
rescue boat.
 permit the wearer to remove it in the water in not more than 2 min.,if it impairs
ability to swim
 Shall function properly at temperature range -30º to +20ºc.
 Lifeboats shall be provided with TPA sufficient for 10% of its capacity or 2 outfits
whichever is greater.
 TPA are provided to persons not supplied with immersion suits.

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ANTI-EXPOSURE SUIT

Anti-Exposure Suits

Requirements:

 shall be constructed with waterproof material such that it :

a. Provides inherent buoyancy of at least 70n.

b. Is made of material which reduces the risk of heat stress during rescue
operation

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c. Covers the whole body with the exception of the head and hands. Foot
cover, gloves and hood shall also be provided to remain available for
use.
d. Can be unpacked and donned within 2 min. w/o assistance.
e. Does not sustain burning or continue melting after being totally
enveloped if fire for a period of 2 s.
f. Equipped with a pocket for a portable vhf telephone.
g. Has a lateral field of vision of at least 120º.
h. provides good mobility
i. Insulated to ensure that wearer’s body temperature will not fall at a rate
of more than 1.5ºc/h, after the first o.5h.

ABANDONSHIP

2004 February 27th - Philippines, Manila Bay near Bataan Island: during an overnight
journey from Manila to Bacolod an explosion ripped through the a luxury Superferry 14
owned by the WG&A consortium of three shipping lines. The 510-foot long vessel
entered service in 2000 and carried nearly 744 passengers and a crew of 155 when the
fire broke out. More than 750 people have been rescued, some with severe burn injuries.
At least 100 people are reported missing.

Abandon Ship

The order given by the Master when the vessel is in imminent DANGER.

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Signal: 7 short blasts followed by 1 long blast on the ship’s whistle.

Using the public address system he will announce the word “abandon ship “

* The master is the only authority in giving the abandon ship signal.

* If the master is incapacitated, the second in command will take over, as stated in the
muster list.

Records show that many ships sink in less than 15 minutes. This affords little time to
formulate a plan of action, so careful preplanning is essential to be ready in an
emergency. Here are some sound pointers for you to remember when abandoning ship:

ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHEN REQUIRED TO ABANDON THE SHIP:

 dress suitably
 wear/bring lifejacket
 Carry important articles as Specified in the muster list.
 proceed to muster/boat station
 Prepare to launch survival Craft.
 Follow orders of person in charge.

POINTS TO REMEMBER WHEN ABANDONING THE SHIP :

 Put on as much warm clothing as possible.

 If an immersion suit is available, put it on over the warm clothing.
 If the immersion suit does not have inherent floatation, put on a lifejacket
properly.
 Drink anti-seasickness tablets and drink as much water as possible.
 Avoid entering water if possible, board survival craft at embarkation deck or use
over side ladder, if possible lower self by using net, rope or fire hose.
 If it is necessary to jump, do the proper jumping position. Jump feet first, avoid
debris on the water.

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 If possible jump to windward from the lowest part of the ship.

 don’t jump from a place higher 4.5 meters
 Take into consideration the drift of the vessel, the location of survival craft and
situation like oil fire on the water.

DANGERS OF JUMPING ON TO INFLATABLE LIFERAFTS:

 can damage the raft

 can injure yourself
 can injure others

ADDITIONAL ITEMS TO BE CARRIED ON BOARD THE SURVIVALCRAFT IF TIME PERMITS

 provisions
 water
 blankets
 communication equipment’s

NEED TO PREVENT PANIC

 Crew members must act with authority.

 They must calm down hysterical passengers.
 Passengers must be assured of safety.

MANNING OF SURVIVAL CRAFT AND SUPERVISION:

 There must be sufficient number of trained persons on board for mustering and
assisting untrained persons.
 Sufficient number of deck officers, able seamen or certified persons must be
manning the launching arrangement and operation of survival crafts.
 There must be a person in charge and a second in command for each survival
craft having a list of crew and ensuring that everyone knows their assigned
duties.
 There must be a person assigned for each motorized craft who will operate the
engine and do the minor adjustments.

Notes:
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 Effort should be made to keep dry when boarding survival craft.

 proper use of embarkation ladder
 choose a suitable place from which to leave the ship
 ensure that all boat crew are present and seated before lowering boat
 A person should not enter water without a lifejacket.
 Wear immersion suit, TPA or anti exposure suit if available.
 a person in the water will cool and suffer from exposure very quickly unless
wearing protection
 survival chance is lowered if wet

ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHEN IN THE WATER:

 Avoid remaining in the water for one second longer than is necessary.
 get into a survival craft as soon as possible, otherwise get clear of the ship
 Anything buoyant will help a survivor in the water.
 Survivors in the water should swim to a survival craft, buoyant wreckage or
another survivor if w/in range, but otherwise avoid unnecessary exertion.

 Don’t swim aimlessly; float as still as possible in your lifejacket if you can’t get
into a survival craft. Do the h.e.l.p. position. (heat escape lessening posture)
 If possible, form a group with other survivors in the water or huddle together to
conserve heat.
 use whistle/light, to attract attention

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ACTIONS TO TAKE WHEN CLEAR OF THE SHIP:

 Get clear of the ship at least ¼ of a mile.

 Get clear of masts, rigging and flotsam, oil on surface.

 Try to look for survivors and floating equipment’s, sart, epirb etc., take them on
board.

 Establish communication with other survival crafts.

 stay together and plan a course of action

If there is more than one raft in the water, tie them together with doubled rescue line.
Again, there is safety in numbers. You will have more survival gear between the two, and
it is easier to spot two rafts than one. If there are heavy seas, leave adequate slack
between the rafts. When rafts are tied by a short line in big seas, they tend to snatch,
which may, allow wind to get underneath and cause a capsize.

USE OF THE SEA ANCHOR OR DROGUE:

 Your life raft should have a sea anchor or drogue, which is used to reduce the
rate of drift away from the distress position, and thereby reduce the likely search
area
 The drogue is normally attached to a strong point on the raft and lightly lashed
so that it is released automatically when the raft is launched.
 A spare drogue is usually stowed with the other equipment. It is essential to use
the drogue continuously; hence the drogue and its line should be inspected
frequently.
 By varying the point of attachment, the drogue can be used to alter the position
of the raft openings relative to the seas. The drogue can thus help you gain
more shelter, or better ventilation.

ACTIONS WHEN ABOARD A SURVIVAL CRAFT :

 release or cut painter line

 And get clear of the ship.
 Look for and pick up survivors.
 conduct a head count
 Stream the sea anchor.
 Rig exposure cover or canopy as necessary.
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 Administer first aid if required.

 issue anti-seasickness tablets

GIVE FIRST AID TO THE INJURED

 You must assess and treat serious injuries .

 Make best used of your first aid kit.

You must be sure that all survivors have found the life raft. Inventory and shelter are
high priorities.

INSTRUCTIONS on how to survive are contained in the life rafts. Examine the equipment
and supplies carried aboard the life raft, and read the instructions for their use. If there
are enough hands, several actions may be accomplished simultaneously.

 Prepare / use detection equipment.

 Take measure to maintain morale.
 Make sanitary arrangement.

Never waste your distress signals, flash light batteries, etc. Distress signals should only
be used with the permission of the leader, and only when there is a reasonable chance
that they will be seen. Use the whistle and shout in thick weather.

 Arrange watches and duties, post a lookout.

 read survival manual
 Maintain high morale and be positive.

ROUTINES FOR SURVIVAL

Immediately after abandoning ship and gaining the shelter of a life raft, survivors are
likely to be cold, wet, exhausted, and suffering from varying degrees of shock. Mental
and/or physical let-down leading to collapse is likely at this stage, but you must maintain
your self-control and your will to live if you are going to survive.

 Good leadership and high morale are crucial for survival. Good leadership creates
high morale, and the leader must take on the responsibility of keeping the other
survivors as organized, calm and comfortable as possible.
 The vessel's officer will normally be the leader aboard the life raft, unless he is
injured or missing. In some survival circumstances, however, unlikely leaders
emerge. The leader should be the person who is in the best physical and
emotional shape to establish priorities and maintain morale.
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THE PERSON IN CHARGE SHOULD DO EVERY THING TO MAINTAIN

MORALE.

 keep spirits up
 maintain confidence
 in rescue
 maintain discipline
 assign duties/responsibilities

 If you are in charge, it is important for you to communicate with the other survivors.
You must reassure them and assess who is best able to carry out vital tasks. Do
everything you can to reduce fear and panic. Use the materials in the life raft to
show the survivors that there is shelter, means of signaling, water and food.

 Organizing the persons in distress to undertake tasks for their safety and comfort
helps to maintain morale.

 Try to establish a sense of companionship and a firm but positive level of discipline.
If you must deal with someone who has lost his emotional control, don't let him
disrupt the rest of the crew. It may help to give him an aimless task.

ESTABLISH THE ROUTINE

The discipline of a routine not only helps ensure that vital tasks get done, but helps focus
attention on the positive work of survival.

The following suggestions should help you establish a routine:

-- Assign one-hour watches in pairs, with one man on duty outside and one man on duty
inside

OUTSIDE LOOKOUT

a. Look for ships, survivors, aircraft and useful wreckage.

b. Flash the signaling mirror all around the horizon when there is sunshine.
Someone else can see your mirror before you can see them.
c. Look for land. At night, listen for surf.

INSIDE LOOKOUT

a. Maintain the life raft (bailing, drying, ventilation, etc.)

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b. Attend to injury victims.

c. Maintain equipment.
d. Keep rations
Keep the minds of the survivors occupied during waking hours, but don't overdo
it. Avoid unnecessary work.

* ESSENTIAL FACTORS INSURVIVAL:

 adequate preparation
 courage
 intelligence
 good training
 good physical health
 knowledge of survival techniques
 the will to live
 prayer

* MAIN DANGERS TO SURVIVORS

 drowning
 hypothermia
 hyperthermia
 dehydration
 starvation
 natural hazards
 fear
 marine life
 fellow survivors becoming
 uncontrolled / mad

APPORTIONMENT OF FOOD AND WATER

Lifeboat

Food: 10,000kj / person

Water: 3 liters / person

LIFERAFT

Food: 10,000kj / person

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Water: 1.5 liters / person

WATER USE

 Your body is about 70 percent water. Maintaining your body's water balance is a
prime requirement for survival. Remember that water is a higher priority than
food. You can probably live for weeks without food, but your survival will be
measured in days if you have no water.
 Because the digestion of food drains needed water from your body, don't eat if
you have no water. Every bit of water you conserve, even perspiration, increases
your survival time.
 While conserving water is vital, however, so is maintaining enough physical
strength to cope with the ordeal of survival.
 Survival experts recommend that you begin drinking rationed quantities of water
soon after boarding the life raft, the amount depending upon how much you
have been able to bring aboard. They suggest drinking one half of the daily
ration at a time, rather than sipping very small quantities.
 Thirst may be reduced by chewing a gum, or practically anything else. However,
this relief does not reduce the body's need for water.
 Drinking seawater will exaggerate thirst, promote water loss through the kidneys
and intestines, and shorten your survival time.
 Under conditions of lack of water, urine is too toxic to drink and will also cut
down your survival time. Alcohol will promote heat loss through the skin and
water loss through the kidneys. Drinking alcohol under the conditions of lack of
water is suicidal.
 Rainwater can be useful, so if there is a possibility to collect, try to do so.
 Retained condensation is also a possible supply.
 Issue rations after 24 hours at set times during the day sunrise, mid-day and
sunset.
 Injured persons must be given food and water to replace lost body fluid.

HOW TO MINIMIZE DEHYDRATION IN HOT CONDITIONS:

1. avoid exposure to the sun

2. avoid unnecessary exertion
3. maintain throng breeze
4. keep outside of raft wet
5. wet clothing by day

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Standard survival craft equipment’s

OAR ROWLOCK BOATHOOK

BAILER BUCKET

Survival Manual

Water Ration Food Ration

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Hachet

Compass

Painter line

Water dipper Graduated Drinking Vessel

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Pyrotechnics

Distress Flares

Not less than 12 rocket parachute flares, complying with the requirements of the code,
shall be carried and stowed on or near the navigation bridge.

Radar Reflector

TORCH whistle

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ANTI-SEASICKNESS TABLETS

JACK-KNIFE

TIN OPENERS

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RESCUE QUOIT

FISHING TACKLE ENGINE REPAIR TOOLS/KIT

PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

SEARCHLIGHT

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TPA

MANUAL PUMP BELLOWS

SAFETY KNIFE

SPONGE PADDLES DAYLIGHT SIGNALLING MIRROR

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LIFEBOAT RADIO

STANDARD SURVIVAL
CRAFT EQUIPMENTS

ITEM RESCUE LIFERAFT

LIFEBOAT BOAT

BAILER 1 1 1

BILGE PUMP 1 1 NONE

BOAT HOOK 2 1 NONE

BUCKET 2 1 NONE

CAN OPENER 3 NONE 3

COMPASS 1 1 NONE

PROTECTIVE COVER 1 NONE NONE

WATER DIPPER 1 NONE NONE

GRADUATED DRINKING 3 NONE 3

VESSEL

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EMERGENCY PROVISION 10,000kj / NONE 10,000kj /

PERSON PERSON

FIRE EXTINGUISHER 1 NONE NONE

FIRST AID KIT 1 1 1

FISHING KIT 1 NONE 1

SMOKE SIGNAL 2 NONE 2

PARACHUTE ROCKET FLARE 4 NONE 4

HAND FLARE 6 NONE 6

FLASHLIGHT / TORCH 1 1 1

HATCHET 2 NONE NONE

HEAVING LINE 2 2 1

JACK KNIFE 1 NONE NONE

SAFETY KNIFE NONE 1 1 OR 2

EMERGENCY PROVISION 10,000kj / NONE 10,000kj /

PERSON PERSON
FIRE EXTINGUISHER 1 NONE NONE
FIRST AID KIT 1 1 1
FISHING KIT 1 NONE 1
SMOKE SIGNAL 2 NONE 2
PARACHUTE ROCKET 4 NONE 4
FLARE
HAND FLARE 6 NONE 6
FLASHLIGHT / TORCH 1 1 1
HATCHET 2 NONE NONE
HEAVING LINE 2 2 1
JACK KNIFE 1 NONE NONE
SAFETY KNIFE NONE 1 1 OR 2
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SEA ANCHOR 1 1 2

SEARCHLIGHT 1 1 NONE

SEA SICKNESS KIT 1 SET 1 SET 1 SET

SPONGE NONE 2 2

STORM OIL 1 GAL NONE NONE

SURVIVAL MANUAL 1 NONE 1

TABLE OF LIFE-SAVING 1 NONE 1

SIGNAL

IMMERSION SUIT 1 each person 1 each none

person

TOOL KIT 1 NONE NONE

TOW LINE NONE 1 NONE

WATER 3 LTRS./PERSON NONE 1.5 LTRS./PERSON

WHISTLE 1 1 1

TPA 10% 10% 10%

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