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Perform a preliminary design to cool 70,000 lbs/h of an organic liquid by countercurrent flow of water in
a shell and tube exchanger. Available data is listed below:
Shell Side Tube Side
Fluid circulated Water Organic
Total liquid, lb/h 198,330 70,000
Temperature in, °F 85 200
Temperature out, °F 100 115
Specific Gravity 1 @ 92 °F 1.5 @ 158 °F
Viscosity, cP 1.0 @ 92 °F 2.0 @ 158 °F
Specific heat, Btu/lb‐°F 1 @ 92 °F 0.5 @ 158 °F
Thermal Cond. Btu/h‐ft‐°F 0.36 @ 92 °F 0.1 @ 158 °F
Fouling factor, h‐ft2‐°F/Btu 0.002 0.002
Material of Construction Carbon steel Carbon steel
Design assumptions to be used:
‐ Tube‐side velocity of 5 ft/s
‐ Initial assumed tube length of 20 ft
‐ Tube passes must be even number
‐ Shell must be 1 pass
‐ Tube pitch to be 15/16 triangular
‐ Baffle spacing
o Minimum spacing = 1/5 shell OD
o Maximum spacing = shell OD
o Spacing interval must be multiple of 6”
o Shell‐side velocity must be close to tube‐side velocity
‐ Maximum percent excess area of 20% as calculated by:
o A (required) = Q / (Uo * ΔTLM)
o % excess area = 100%* (actual area – required area)/(required area)
o If % excess area exceeds 20%, repeat calculations with 18 ft tube length, 16, etc.
until % excess is between 0 and 20%.
Design strategy:
‐ Estimate a preliminary area from the heat balance
‐ Choose a tube diameter
‐ Calculate the required number of tubes
‐ Calculate the number of tube passes
‐ Calculate the tube‐side coefficient, hi
‐ Calculate the shell‐side coefficient, ho
‐ Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient, Uo
‐ Calculate the % excess area
‐ If excess area is above 20%, decrease tube length by 2 ft and recalculate
EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION SHEET
Item No: E-101
DESCRIPTION SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
Specific Gravity
VAPOR LBS/HR
OPERATING TEMPERATURES °F
PRESSURES PSIA
VELOCITIES FT/SEC
BULK TEMPERATURE °F
VISCOSITY cP
MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION
MATERIAL K BTU/H-FT-°F
LMTD
TUBE DIAMETER INCH
TUBES/PASS