Civil Engineering Department

Material II – CIVIL 0010

Submitted By

Sultan Ahmed Alnamani

14F12665

Session C

TO:

Dr. Omar Al Obaidi

FALL 2017
CONTENTS:

1. ABSTRACT -----------------------------------------------------------------------------2
2. INTRODUCTION---------------------------------------------------------------------3-4
3. METHODOLOGY--------------------------------------------------------------------4-8
3.1 Materials--------------------------------------------------------------------------4-5
3.1.1 Cement------------------------------------------------------------------------4
3.1.2 Aggregate---------------------------------------------------------------------4
3.1.3 Water---------------------------------------------------------------------------5
3.1.4 Glass---------------------------------------------------------------------------5
3.2 Concrete Mixture----------------------------------------------------------------5-6
3.3 Test---------------------------------------------------------------------------------6-7
3.3.1 Slump Test--------------------------------------------------------------------6
3.3.2 Compressive Strength-------------------------------------------------------7
3.3.3 Moisture Test-----------------------------------------------------------------7
3.3.4 Penetration Test-------------------------------------------------------------7-8
3.4 Mix Design-------------------------------------------------------------------------8-9
3.5 Density ------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
4. RESULT --------------------------------------------------------------------------------10-11
5. DISCUSSION--------------------------------------------------------------------------11-12
6. CONCLUSION -------------------------------------------------------------------------13
7. REFERENCES -------------------------------------------------------------------------14

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1. ABSTRACT:

Nowadays, recycling of glass is typical problem because glass wastes are very
high over the world and this wests are gone inside landfills as well as this glass wests affect to
the environment. However the good solution for this problem is to recycling these wests by
using again as a cement replacement in the concrete. In addition, this course work is to
compare the normal concrete and the concrete that has glass powder as cement replacement.
Moreover, there are many tests that can show the different between them such as compressive
strength test to find the compressive strength, slump test to find the workability of both
concretes, penetration test and moisture test. However, there is no really change in the
workability because the results were nearly same. In addition, there is a different on the
compressive strength the concrete with glass is higher than the compressive strength of normal
concrete. The good compressive strength when the glass powder as cement replacement by
20% and the compressive strength decreases, if the glass powder is more than 20%. In
addition, in moisture test the concrete with glass was lest than normal concrete in both time. In
penetration test, the concrete with glass was more than normal concrete in first time which is 7
days but in the 14 days the normal concrete was more than the concrete with glass.

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2. INTRODUCTION:

Concrete is known as a mixture of cement (Portland cement or hydraulic cement),

coarse aggregate (rock, gravel), water and fine aggregate (sand). In addition, Concrete can be
with admixtures or without admixtures. Also, today concrete is very important to any
building construction because the concrete has a very strength and it has the durability. It can
achieve 50,000 psi of compressive strength. Moreover, most of the world used the concrete to
the construction and the concrete all over the world makes over 80% of the construction.
However, concrete history, Roman Empire had used concrete during the first used. (Cras, P
2007)

Concrete mix design is an important part to make the right project. It makes concrete
useful for the application and if the mix design good would not have to worry about strength.
In addition, concrete can mixes in the site or bring it from factory by the mixer truck.
Moreover, concrete mix design has many standers but this 1:2:4 stander is used more.
However, the best concrete mix design ratio can make the construction strong enough to meet
the application needs and look good for long time. (Sami. A, 2017)

Glass is a various amorphous materials changed to rigidity from melts without

crystalline. Glass is being made of liquid sand by heating the ordinary sand and ad knowing
that the ordinary is made of “Silicon Dioxide or Quartz”. However, that happens until the
sand melts and turns into the liquid. Moreover, there are many uses of glass such as windows
glass, doors glass, sunglass and kitchen utensils glass. However, there is a high west of the
glass over the world and it can be used again such as adding the glass powder in the concrete
mix design as a cement replacement. Moreover, if these west is used no the concrete, it will
make the environmental clean and reduce the cost of the concrete. (Sara. M, 2012)

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 The objective of this course work is to compare the normal concrete and the concrete
that has glass powder as cement replacement. There are many tests that can show the
different between them such as compressive strength test, slump test penetration test and
moisture test. In addition, all those tests will be done in the Middle East College lab to find
the workability and the compressive strength of the normal concrete and the concrete that has
glass powder as cement replacement.

3. METHODOLOGY:
3.1 Materials:
3.1.1 Cement:
In this experiments the Ordinary Portland Cement had been used to the concrete.
However, cement is one of the important materials of the concrete because it can affect
the workability and compressive strength. The bleeding decreases when the cement
fineness increases as well workability well increase. Moreover, when the water has been
added to the cement the hydration will happen because of the chemical combination.
Cement has many properties which can be determined by many experiments such as
stander Le Chaterier Flask which using to find specific gravity. (Manus. M, 2011)

3.1.2 Aggregate:
Aggregate is has two kind as coarse aggregate and fine aggregate. In addition,
coarse aggregates and fine aggregate are very important to the concrete as the aggregate
have the heavy materials, which are around 60 to 80 % of the concrete weight. Moreover,
aggregate affects to the concrete because its have many properties such as elasticity and
thermal. However, it is called coarse aggregate when the size of the particle is up than
4.75 and it celled fine aggregate when the particle is less than 4.75. Aggregate has many
properties, which can be determined by many experiments such as aggregate hardness by
using loss angles test. (Manus. M, 2011)

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 3.1.3 Water:
In this study the water had been used to mixing concrete and to curing the
concrete. This water is normal as drinking water. However, to making a concrete it must
use the water to make the cement hydration.

3.1.4 Glass:
Glass is a various amorphous materials changed to rigidity from melts without
crystalline. Glass is being made of liquid sand by heating the ordinary sand. . Moreover,
there are many uses of glass such as windows glass, doors glass, sunglass and kitchen
utensils glass. However, there is a high west of the glass over the world and it can be used
again such as adding the glass powder in the concrete mix design as a cement
replacement. (Shao Y., 2011)

Table 1: Concrete Materials

Concrete Water Cement Fine Aggregates Coarse Aggregates Glass

1 29.14kg 29.14kg 49.55kg 63.77kg _

2 29.14kg 26.22kg 49.55kg 63.77kg 2.92g

3.2 Concrete Mixture:

The concrete had been used for all experiments, which had been done in the lab. In
addition, there were two kinds of concrete the first one is the normal concrete and the
second one is that concrete with glass as a cement replacement. However, the procedures
below had used to do the concrete mixture in both concretes:

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  Mixing machine had been cleaned.
 According to table (1) above, all materials had been weighed.
 Than, cement, fine & coarse aggregates had been mixed in the mixing machine.
 Than, the water was put inside the mixing machine.
 It has been repeated with adding the glass as a cement replacement.

3.3 Tests:

3.3.1 Workability: Slump Test:

According to BS1881: part: 102, the slump test method had been used to find the
workability of the first mixture and the second one. Moreover, the procedures below had
used to do this the slump test:

 First of all, apparatus of slump cone had been prepared.

 Than, up 1/3 level of concrete had been placed in to the slump cone and by used the
tamping rod, the concrete had been compacted 25 times.
 The step above had been repeated to all cones.
 Than, the cone had been removed.
 Slump had been determined.

3.3.1.1Tools:

 Temping Rod
 Mould
 Plate
 Measuring scale
3.3.2 Compressive Strength:
In this experiment the Compressive strength test had been done to determine the both
of concrete mixture. It can be find by divide compressive strength over cross section area
and it had been be calculated as the steps below:

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 Six cubes and two prisms for each concrete type had been filled.
 Cubes had been vibrated five seconds.
 After 24 hours gone the cubes had been put inside water-curing tank.
 The Compressive strength test had done to the cubes after seven days.
 The same tests had been repeated after 14 days of curing.
 The result for each one had been taken from PC.
3.3.2.1Apparatus:

 Compressive Strength Machines

 PC (Computer)

3.3.3 Moisture Content Test:

Moisture content test is non destructive test. To find the amount of moisture content
inside the concrete, moisture content test had been dine. Procedures below had used to do
Moisture content test:

 The prism was cleaned.

 Than, the moisture matter was put on vertical angle.
 The reading was taken after appear on the moisture matter.

3.3.3.1 Apparatus:

 Moisture content

3.3.4 Penetration Test:

Penetration test is non destructive test and it used by Windsor Probe device. It had
been used to find the compressive strength of concrete. This device has a steel probe,
which go in to the surface of concrete. However, the low depth show that the concrete has
high compressive strength and if the depth high that mean the concrete had low
compressive strength.

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 Procedures below had used to do this test:
 The prism was cleaned.
 The device had been put on the right angle.
 Than, the probe was gone to the prism.
 The reading had been taken from the hole.

3.3.4.1 Apparatus:

 Windsor Probe

Figure 2: Windsor Probe device

3.4 Mix Design:

Concrete had been designed by the following incomes:
 FC = 34Mpa of characteristic strength on 28 days
 1.64 Factor K
 Defective of present was 5%
 60 mm Target Slump

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  20mm of course aggregate with density 2.4
 Fine aggregate which passing 600 mc size with density 2.4
 Target Strength = FM+FC+KS = 34+(1.64X8)= 47.12 Mpa
 Water cement ration had been found 0.5
 Water content had been found 210kg/m3
 Cement content = w/ (w/c)= 210 / 0.5 = 411.764 kg/m3
 Total weight of the aggregate had been calculated as 1588.236 kg/m3
 Fine aggregate 44% = 698.8 kg/m3, coarse aggregate 56% = 889.412
 V= 0.0707m3 as a volume of the concrete

3.5 Density:

Density is weight unit of the concrete. In concrete with Glass Powder has nearly same
density of the normal concrete. In addition, to find the density of the concrete, the materials,
which are in the concrete, should be found before. However, the density of the concrete is
affected by amount of water or amount of air inside the concrete.

Table 2: Density of concrete

7 Days 14 Days
Type

Before After Before After

Normal Concrete 8.68 8.92 8.7 8.91

Concrete with Glass 8.67 8.89 8.72 8.88

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4. RESULTS:
Table 3: The Slump Test

Concrete The Slump test Workability

Normal concrete 4.5cm 45mm

Adding Glass Powder 4.6cm 46mm

Stander 6cm 60mm

Table 4: Compressive Strength Test

Types of Concrete After 7 Days After 14 Days

Normal Concrete 34.33Mpa 39.22Mpa

Glass 10% Concrete 35.8Mpa 41.3Mpa

Glass 20% Concrete 37.2Mpa 44.2Mpa

Glass 30% Concrete 34.3Mpa 39.1Mpa

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 Table 5: Moisture Test
Concrete 7 days 14 days

Normal concrete 38.4% 48%

With Glass 30.7% 35.8%

Table 6: Penetration Test

Concrete 7 days 14 days

Normal concrete 2051psi 2187psi

With Glass 2269psi 1649psi

5. DISCUSSION:

It was shown that in table (3), the workability in concrete after 7 days and 14 days of
curing was nearly same on the glass concrete and the workability in normal concrete because
the results were nearly same. However, the workability in glass powder concrete was found
as 46mm as well as the workability in normal concrete was found as 45mm. In addition, as
the workability was similar in both concretes we can say that the concrete with adding glass
powder dose not affect the workability of the concrete. However, the concrete with glass
powder makes the workability of concrete increasing. (Sara. J, 2003)

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 Moreover, as shown that in table (4) the compressive strength was found 39.22Mpa for
the normal concrete after curing 14 days but the concrete when has glass powder 10% had
been found as 41.3Mpa after 14 days, 20% of glass powder was found 44.2Mpa and 30% of
glass powder was 39.3Mpa. As that in the results the concrete with glass powder 20% is the
better than the others percentages. (Byars EA, 2014)

In addition, the concrete with glass powder 10% was increased after curing 7 days
comparing with the normal concrete, which was 34.33Mpa, but the concrete with glass
powder 10% was found 35.8Mpa, concrete with glass powder 20% was found 37.2Mpa and
concrete with glass powder 30% was 34.3Mpa, which is less than the concrete with glass
powder 20%. (Johan C.D, 2012)
In addition, there are many studies found that the concrete has highest compressive
strength when glass powder used as a cement replacement as 20% but if it come more than
25%, the compressive strength will decrease. In addition, the compressive strength of the
concrete with glass powder after 14 days more than after 7 days which means the
compressive strength with glass powder concrete become more when the time increase.
(Kave, M, 2012)
As shown that in table (5) the moisture test, the normal concrete after 7 days was higher
than the concrete with glass. The concrete with glass was 38.4% but the normal concrete was
31.97%. Moreover, after curing 14 days the concrete with glass was 36.8% but the normal
concrete was 48%, which mean it is higher than glass. Moisture test is important for the
construction because it affects hardens of the concrete in the buildings.

As shown in table (6) the penetration test, the result of the concrete with glass was found
more than the normal concrete. Concrete with glass after curing 7 days was 2265psi and the
normal concrete was found as 2051psi but after 14 days of curing the concrete with glass was
lower than the normal concrete. Moreover, concrete with glass after curing 14 days was
1649psi and the normal concrete was found as 2187psi. However, as these results we
understand that the concrete with glass has better hardens of the concrete than normal
concrete.

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6. CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, as the result had been shown the glass powder concrete as a cement
replacement could make the concrete had more quality for example in the compressive
strength the glass powder concrete better than the normal concrete compressive strength. In
addition, the concrete glass powder can reduce the hydration heat and it will make concrete
hardened better. However, the workability in concrete with glass powder was nearly same to
the workability in normal concrete but the results were nearly same. Moreover, penetration
test and moisture test had been used to camper the normal concrete and the concrete with
glass powder.

Moreover, the report covers the different between the concrete with glass powder and
the normal concrete in the following tests Compressive Strength and slump test. It can be
recommended to test other properties for example the feasibility or durability and it can be
compered between them in the price. Using glass powder in the concrete can save the
environment from the impacting of cement industry and make the west of glass is useful.

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7. REFERENCES:

I. C, Poon 2007 the Construction & Demolition West Management, the West
Managements, Volume 28, issue: 2, page 158-159.

II. Dr. S, William 2012, Concrete Mixture, Concrete Properties, Volume 33. N121, page
22 – 28, www.concrete -properties.com
III. S. Atarodi, 2017, Build Concrete bricks, [ONLINE] Available at:
http://mbteg.weebly.com/15751604159116081576-
15751604157115871605160615781609.html. [Accessed 6 / 12 /2017].
IV. Dr. M. Morten, 2011, Concret Page, Future Directions International, volume 27, page
22 -23.
V. Shao Y., 2011, Studies on concrete, containing ground waste glass. Cement and
Concrete Research: volume 33, page. 98-99.
VI. Sara. J, 2003, Cement OPC, Lolike News , Volume13 N 21, page 11- 14.
VII. Byars EA, 2014, Waste glasses as concrete aggregate and pozzolan, Concrete, 38(1),
2004, pp.41-44
VIII. Johan C.D, 2012, Glass Powder as Cement in Concrete, Concrete Test, Volume 34, ,
page.34- 35.
IX. Kave, M, 2012. Analyses of compressive strength development of concrete containing
high volume [online] Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.099
[Accessed 11 / 12 /2017].

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