Kinematics 2D

LECTURE 4

Relative Motion

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Kinematics 2D
LECTURE 4

Relative Motion

10 m/s
20 m/s
Let’s Begin!
Relative Motion
Relative Motion
Observation of motion of a body w.r.t another moving body is known as
Relative Motion

Observer 1

60 m/s

2
100 m/s

V1
V2/1
V2
Relative Motion
Observation of motion of a body w.r.t another moving body is known as
Relative Motion

60 m/s

60 m 100 m/s

100 m
40 m
V1 = 60 m/s
V2/1= 40 m/s
V2= 100 m/s
s2/1
Relative Motion
Let 2 bodies A and B are moving in a straight line with velocities vA/G and
vB/G , respectively (w.r.t. ground).

A travels a displacement of vA/G(t) in time t secs

B travels a displacement of vB/G(t) in time t secs

SA/G
SA/G = VA/G t
VA/G

SA/B SB/G = VB/G t

VB/G

SB/G
Relative Motion
SA/G

VA/G SA/G = VA/G t

VB/G SA/B SB/G = VB/G t

SB/G

SA/B = SA/G – SB/G

SA/G – SB/G
VA/B = VA/B = VA/G – VB/G
t
Relative Motion
SA/G

VA/G

VB/G SA/B

SB/G

The equation can be applied vectorially for motion other than 1D as well.

Similarly ,
aA/B = aA/G – aB/G

vA/B = vA/G – vB/G

Example A train is travelling with a speed of 15m/s, and a man is walking
inside the train at 1.2 m/s in the direction of train. Find the
relative velocity of the man inside the train w.r.t ground.

A. 15.2 m/s
B. 16.2 m/s
1.2 m/s
C. 17.2 m/s
15 m/s
D. 18.2 m/s
 Example A train is travelling with a speed of 15m/s, and a man is
walking inside the train at 1.2 m/s in the direction of train.
Find the relative velocity of the man inside the train w.r.t an
observer on the ground.

Solution:

We know, VA/B = VA/G – VB/G VT/G = 15 m/s, VM/T = 1.2 m/s

VM/T = VM/G – VT/G

We need to find velocity of man w.r.t. ground

VM/G = VT/G + VM/T
= (15+1.2) m/s

VM/G = 16.2 m/s

Example If two bodies A and B are moving along same line in same
direction with velocities 3m/s and 4m/s respectively with
respect to ground. What will be velocity of A with respect to
B (VA/B) and velocity of B. With respect to A (VB/A) ?

A 3 m/s B 4 m/s

A. 1m/s, -1m/s
B. 7m/s, 1m/s
C. 1m/s, 7m/s
D. -1m/s, 1m/s
Example If two bodies A and B are moving along same line in same
direction with velocities 3m/s and 4m/s respectively with
respect to ground. What will be velocity of A with respect to
B (VA/B) and velocity of B. With respect to A (VB/A) ?

Solution: A 3m/s B 4m/s

Let right side be (+)ve x direction and

left side be (–)ve x direction.

+ ve
VA/G = 3m/s , VB/G = 4m/s
+ ve
Solution:

(i) Velocity of A w.r.t B (VA/B) VA/G = 3m/s

∴ VA/B = VA/ – VB/G = 3 – 4 = – 1 m/s
G VB/G = 4m/s
i.e Velocity of A with respect to B is 1 m/s in
leftward direction

(ii) Velocity of B w.r.t A (VB/A)

∴ VB,A = VB,G – VA, = 4 – 3

G
= 1 m/s

i.e Velocity of B with respect to A is 1

m/s
in rightward direction
Example If two bodies A and B are moving along same line in opposite
direction with velocities 3m/s and 4m/s respectively with
respect to ground. What will be velocity of A with respect to B
(VA/B) and velocity of B With respect to A (VB/A) ?

3 m/s 4 m/s
A B

A. 7m/s, -7m/s
B. 7m/s, 1m/s
C. 1m/s, 7m/s
D. -7m/s, 7m/s
 Example If two bodies A and B are moving along same line in opposite
direction with velocities 3m/s and 4m/s respectively with
respect to ground. What will be velocity of A with respect to B
(VA/B) and velocity of B With respect to A (VB/A) ?
Solution:

A 3m/s 4m/s B

Let right side be (+)ve x direction and

+ ve
left side be (–)ve x direction.
+ ve
VA/G = 3m/s , VB/G = -4m/s
 Solution:

(i) Velocity of A w.r.t B VA/G = 3m/s

(VA/B)
VA/B = VA/G – VB/G = (3) – (– 4) = + 7 m/s
VB/G = -4m/s

i.e Velocity of A with respect to B is 7 m/s in Rightward

direction
(ii) Velocity of B w.r.t A (VB/A)

VB/A = VB/G – VA/G = (– 4) – (3)

= – 7 m/s
i.e Velocity of B with respect to A is –7 m/s in Leftward direction
Example A thief is running away on a straight road at 9 m/s. A policeman
chases him at 10 m/s. If the policeman is 100m behind the thief
how long will it take for policeman to catch thief ?
A. 85 sec
B. 90 sec 10 m/s 9 m/s
C. 95 sec
D. 100 sec

100m
 Example A thief is running away on a straight road at 9 m/s. A
policeman chases him on a motorcycle at 10 m/s. If the
policeman is 100m behind the thief , how long will it take for
policeman to catch thief ?

Solution: Policeman Thief

VP = 10 m/s VT = 9 m/s
Velocity of police w.r.t thief
100 m
⇒ vP/T = vP – vT = 10 – 9= 1

Displacement travelled by police w.r.t thief

⇒ SP/T = 100
time to catch

SP/T 100
t = = ⇒ t = 100 sec
VP/T 1
Example A car travelling at 60 km/h overtakes another car travelling at
42 km/h. Assuming each car to be 5.0 m long,
find the time taken to overtake .
A. 1 sec
B. 2 sec 60 km/h 42 km/h
C. 3 sec
D. 4 sec

5m 5m
 Example A car travelling at 60 km/h overtakes another car travelling
at 42 km/h. Assuming each car to be 5.0 m long, find the
time taken to overtake .

Solution: 5m
A 42 km/hr

5m
B 60 km/hr

Car B has to travel 10m more relative to A

Solution:
5m
42 km/hr Car B has to travel 10m
A
5m more relative to A
B 60 km/hr
VA,G = 42 km/hr = 11.67 m/s

VB,G = 60 km/hr = 16.67 m/s

∴ VB,A = VB,G – VA,G = (16.67 – 11.67)
= 5 m/s
SB, = + 10 m
A
SBA 10
∴ t = = = 2 sec
VBA 5
Example In the situation shown in figure if both the balls are thrown
at same time, Find the time when balls will collide.
A. 1 sec A
B. 2 sec
C. 3 sec 20 m/s
D. 4 sec
100 m

30 m/s
B
 Example In the situation shown in figure if both the balls are thrown
at same time, Find the time when balls will collide.

Solution: A
VA/G = – 20, VB/G = 30
a A/G = – g, a B/G = –g 20 m/s
rA = 100, rB = 0
100 m
∴ VA/B = (–20) – (30) = ̶ 50

∴ a = (−g) – (−g) = 0
30 m/s
A/B
And, SA/B = –100 B
SA/B −100
∴ time = = = 2 sec
VA/B −50
Example Find the time of collision

72 m/s

370 300
A 50 m B
 Example Find the time of collision 60 m/s 72 m/s

370 300
Solution:
A 50 m B
Consider the motion w.r.t. B
The vertical components are cancelled
Analysing the horizontal components
(48 + 36√ 3 )t = 50

50
t = sec
48 + 36√ 3
Analysis of Projectile w.r.t. Another Projectile

u1
u2

G2
 Analysis of Projectile w.r.t. Another
Projectile
aAB = 0 vAB = constant

Projectile will always appear to be a straight line when observed from

other projectile

Collision condition will depend upon initial positions and initial velocities

u1
u2
θ
A B
Condition for Collision
 Line of Approach
Direction of Velocity of an object with respect to another object gives the
direction of line of approach with respect to the second object.

Remember the line of approach can change if there is some relative

acceleration, at some angle with relative Initial velocity

v
Rest
A
B Direction of Velocity of A was the direction
of path of A w.r.t B, when B was at rest
Condition for Collision

Line of Approach should be along line joining two particles and towards
each other

Case 1 v2

v1
v2 vr

v1
Case 2
v2 v1
v2
vr

v1
Second Case, collision will take place
Distance of Closest
Approach

v2
v1

a
Distance of Closest Approach

v2 vr

θ
v1 a

dshortest = a sin θ

Time = a cos θ
vr
 Example Identify whether 2 bodies will collide or not.
Also find the shortest distance b/w 2 Objects if they don’t
collide!

30m/s
40m/s

500 m
 Example Identify whether 2 bodies will collide or not.
Also find the shortest distance b/w 2 Objects if they don’t
Solution: collide!
Observing the motion of A wrt
B

50 ms-1
Since line of motion is not along AB,
therefore collision will not take place
30 ms-1 θ 40 ms-1
A
tan θ = 30 40 ms-1 B
40 500 m

sin θ = 30 Shortest Distance = 500 sin θ = 300 m

50
500 cos θ
cos θ = 40 Time Taken = =8s
50 50
Example Three particles A, B and C are situated at the vertices of an
equilateral triangle ABC of side d at at t = 0. Each of the
particles moves with constant speed v. A always has its
velocity along AB, B along BC and C along CA. At what time
will the particles meet each other?
v = 2 m/s
A. 1 sec d=3m
B. 2 sec
C. 3 sec
D. 4 sec
 Example Three particles A, B and C are situated at the vertices of an
equilateral triangle ABC of side d at at t = 0. Each of the
particles moves with constant speed v. A always has its
velocity along AB, B along BC and C along CA. At what time
will the particles meet each other?

Solution: The motion of the particles is roughly

sketched in figure (3-W15). By
symmetry they will meet at the
centroid O of the triangle. At any
instant the particles will form an
equilateral triangle ABC with the same
centroid O. Concentrate on the motion
of any one particle, say A. At any
instant its velocity makes angle 30° Figure (3-W15).
with AO .
 Example Three particles A, B and C are situated at the vertices of an
equilateral triangle ABC of side d at at t = 0. Each of the
particles moves with constant speed v. A always has its
velocity along AB, B along BC and C along CA. At what time
will the particles meet each other?

Solution: The component of this velocity along AO is v cos 30°.

This component is the rate of decrease of the distance
AO Initially,

Therefore, the time taken for AO to become

zero
 Example Three particles A, B and C are situated at the vertices of an
equilateral triangle ABC of side d at at t = 0. Each of the
particles moves with constant speed v. A always has its
velocity along AB, B along BC and C along CA. At what time
will the particles meet each other?
Alternative:
Solution:
Velocity of A is v along AB. The velocity of B is along BC. Its
component along BA is v cos 60° = v/2. Thus, the separation
AB decreases at the rate.

Since, this rate is constant, the time taken in reducing

the separation AB from d to zero is
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