Take time to read

Mythology
1. The Roman ruler of the sea, generally pictured with his three pronged sceptre of trident.
❤Neptune
2. The lover of Venus and Proserpine who was killed by a wild bear and whose blood was
transformed into a flower.
❤Adonis
3. Jupiter’s son who killed Medusa the Gorgon and gave her head to Minerva.
❤Perseus
4. The Roman counterpart of Hermes, the Greek messenger of the gods.
❤Mercury
5. The beautiful nymph who pined away for the love of Narcissus until nothing of her was left but her
voice.
❤Echo
6. The Greek name of Cupid, the Roman god of love.
❤Eros
7. Roman goddess of dawn.
❤Aurora
8. The Titan whom Zeus condemned to bear the world on his shoulders.
❤Atlas
9. Roman god of wine.
❤Bacchus
10. The son of sleep and god of dreams from whose name the term of a narcotic is derived.
❤Morpheus
Philippine Literature
GENERAL EDUCATION: BIOLOGY

✳️Characeristics of life
✔️Organization: all lives are well organized
✔️Energy use: all lives need energy to support
✔️Reproduction: all lives should be able to reproduce itself
✔️Growth: all lives grow and develop.
✔️Response to stimuli: all lives can respond to internal orexternal stimuli
✔️Homeostasis: all lives have the ability to maintain arelatively stable internal environment—self-
regulation

✳️Theory of modern biology

⏹Cell Theory
✔️Cell is the building unit of all living organisms.
✔️All cells come from pre-existing cells
✔️All metaboism occur in cells of the body—cells arefunctional unit for all lives
⏹Gene Theory
✔️All genetic information is stored in DNA – genes
✔️Genes control most, if not every, aspects of an organism
✔️The DNA language can be transcribed into RNA languageand then translated into protein language
for its finalfunction
⏹Homeostasis
✔️All living organisms have the ability to maintain a relativelyconstant internal environment
✔️Purpose: to ensure proper function of the body

✳️Chemical basis of life

⏹Atoms:
⏺ electrons: both energy and substance particles
⏺neutrons
⏺ protons
⏹Molecules:
⏺Formed by atoms
⏺Joined by chemical bonds
⏺molecular formula and structure formula
⏹Chemical Bond:
⏺Ion bond: ion bond forms when atoms lose or gainelectrons.
⏺Covalent bond: Covalent bonds form when atoms shareelectrons, very strong bonds. The major one
jor one in organic
chemicals.
⏹Hydrogen bond: Weak electrical attraction between thepositive end of one molecule and the
negative end of another
✳️Cell organelles and their functions:
⏹Nucleus: "the control center"
o Holds all of cell’s genetic information
o Makes decisions about cell needs
⏹Ribosome: "the factory"
o Synthesizes proteins
⏹Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
o Edits and finalizes proteins made by ribosomes.
⏹Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
o Synthesizes carbohydrates and lipids.
⏹ Golgi Apparatus: "the post office"
o Tags and ships packages to their destinations
⏹ Mitochondria: "the power house"
o Produces ATP for the cell’s activities.
⏹ Lysosome: the recycling center.
o Recycles waste and foreign bacteria.
⏹The cell membrane: lipid bilayer which envelops the cell. ForProtection, Communication, and
Selective Exchange
⏹Passive Transport
✔️Does not use energy
✔️Osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion
✔️Natural movement from high concentration to lowconcentration.
⏹Active Transport
✔️Uses energy
✔️Movement from against natural diffusion
⏹Prokaryotes
⏺Example: bacteria, microscopic organisms
⏺Structure: DNA, ribosomes, and cell membranes.
⏺Except for ribosomes, prokaryotes DO NOT have organelles.
⏹Eukaryotes
⏺ Animals: with organelles and cell membranes
o Plants: with organelles and cell membranes like animalcells, but also have chloroplasts and cell
walls.

✳️Photosynthesis
⏹ Chloroplast: An organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis occur.
⏹Photophosphorylation: a process that ATP is generatedvia light reactions in photosynthesis.
⏹Light Reaction: The first phase of photosysnthesis whichlight is harvested and the electron transfer
occurs, ATP,NADPH and oxygen is generated.
⏹ Dark Reaction: The second phase of photosynthesis wherecabon dioxide is fixed and
carbohydrates are generated byconsuming ATP and NADPH.
⏹Chloroplasts: These are organelles which allow theorganism to perform photosynthesis, obtaining
energy from
sunlight.
⏹Chlorophyll: Proteins found in chloroplasts which have theability to absorb sunlight for
photosynthesis.
-----

✳️Cell Cycle
⏹ Prophase
o Chromosomes condense and become visible.
o Nuclear envelope breaks down.
o Centrioles take positions on opposite sides ofnucleus.
⏹Metaphase:
o Chromosomes line up single-file in the middle of thecell.
o Spindle fibers from the centrioles attach to eachside of the centromeres of the chromosomes.
⏹ Anaphase:
o Sister chromatids are pulled apart to becomeindividual chromosomes.
o Chromosomes move until they reach centrioles onopposite sides of cell.
⏹Telophase:
o Chromosomes dissolve.
o Nuclear envelopes re-form around both sets ofchromosomes.
FINAL COACHING (1-100) ANSWER KEY
1 Areas in both the tundra and subarctic zones have frozen layers of soil called...
a. steppes
b. permafrost CA
c. ice caps
d. grasslands
2 Which Gladiator carries a dagger and shield and also wears a leather belt and leg band?
a. Andabatus
b. Thracian
c. Myrmillo CA
d. Secutor
3 The world's first nation state was created in
a. Egypt CA
b. India
c. England
d. New York
4 The framers designed a system of checks and balances to
a. share power between the states.
b. make it difficult to amend the Constitution.
c. make the Constitution the supreme law of the land.
d. keep any one branch of government from becoming too powerful. CA
5 What is the longest river in the United States?
a. Missouri River CA
b. Nile Rile
c. Mississippi River
d. Colorado River
6The duties of American citizens include obeying laws, paying taxes, defending the nation, serving in
court, and
a. attending church
b. attending school CA
c. volunteering
d. voting
7 In the Preamble, what phrase means "maintaining peace and order" in our country?
a. Establish Justice
b. Secure the Blessings
c. Insure domestic tranquility CA
d. We the people
8 What is the largest desert in the world?
a. Sahara CA
b. Arabian
c. Kalahari
d. Gobi
9 In what year did America officially declare war against Spain?
a. 1893
b. 1895
c. 1898 CA
d. 1901
10 Which of the following supports the claim that benefits of the Columbian Exchange did not
outweigh the drawbacks?
a. Without Columbus's discovery there'd be no United States
b. Native Americans were introduced to horses
c. Native Americans were exposed to many European diseases like small pox CA
d. Food became cheaper for many Europeans
11The French term for middle class is .
a. politique
b. bourgeoisie CA
c. estate
d. bureaucracy
12Why was James Madison known as the "Father of the Constitution"?
a. He took so many notes
b. His influence was so great during the convention CA
c. He was the smartest delegate
d. He did so much research
13The heart of the Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great was located in the present-day country of .
a. Saudi Arabia
b. Turkey
c. Greece
d. Iran CA
e. Pakistan
14 Which religion believes that through meditation humans can develop peace and solve their
problems?
a. Christianity
b. Islam
c. Buddhism CA
d. Judaism
15 Which battle/attack signified the beginning of the American Civil War?
a. Battle of Lexington and Concord
b. Attack on Fort Henry
c. Attack at Fort Sumter CA
d. Attack at Fort Summer
16 Which religion has the 4 Noble Truths?
a. Hinduism
b. Islam
c. Christianity
d. Buddhism CA
17 The Native Americans called these crops the 'Three Sisters'
a. Watermelons, strawberries and peanuts
b. Tomatoes, avocados and potatoes
c. Peas, collards and pumpkins
d. Corn, squash and beans CA
18 Who was the leader of the Nazi's during World War II?
a. Tony Blair
b. Stalin
c. Adolf Hitler CA
d. King George
19 ____ is directing water from the source to an area where there is
no water.
a. Flooding
b. Trapping
c. Irrigating CA
20 Supporters of the new Constitution were known as
a. Republicans
b. Patriots
c. Anti-federalists
d. Federalists CA
21 How was Harold Godwinson rumoured to have been killed at the Battle of Hastings?
a. Head chopped off
b. Arrow in the eye CA
c. Sword in the heart
d. Fell off his horse
22 What River did Mexico say was the southern boundary of Texas?
a. Rio Grande River
b. Brazos River
c. Red River
d. Nueces River CA
23 Volunteerism involves giving ____to others without receiving payment.
a. money
b. orders
c. responsibilities
d. time and services CA
24 The branch of government that carries out laws is
a. Executive CA
b. Electoral College
c. Judicial
d. Legislative
25 What is the term for the dominance and power asserted by one nation over less powerful nations?
a. Socialism
b. Imperialism CA
c. Domesticism
d. Racism
26 What is the name of the political party most often associated with Nelson Mandela?
a. National Party
b. African National Congress CA
c. South African Worker's Party
d. Socialist Party of South Africa
27 The Sahara Desert is:
a. in Northern Africa. CA
b. in Southern Africa.
c. in Eastern Africa
d. in Western Africa
28 Which date is the oldest?
a. 1301 AD
b. 12000 BCE CA
c. 1044 CE
d. 120 BC
29 An important challenge facing the Constitutional Convention was how to balance the
a. needs of eastern and western states
b. interests of large and small states CA
c. demands of farmers
d. rights of women
30 What Chaldean king formed an alliance with the Scythians and Medes to form the Second
Babylonian Empire?
a. Nabopolassar CA
b. Ashurbanipal
c. Shalmaneser
d. Nebuchadnezzar
31 A ___________ is an area that has at least one characteristic in common.
a. lake
b. dessert
c. a friend
d. region CA
32 Which of the following is NOT one of the requirements for immigrants who want to become a US
citizen?
a. You must be 18 years or older
b. You must be a resident of the US for at least 10 years CA
c. You must be able to read, write and speak English
d. You must be a lawful person
33Which of the following, is an example of Absolute Location?
a. 40*N, 90* E CA
b. 167 Fairway Drive, Helena, MT 59601
c. The distance from The Denver Center for the Performing Arts, to the Pepsi Center
d. The Statue of Liberty is in New York Harbor,across from the Island of Manhattan.
34 Robert E Lee surrenders his Confederate Army to General Grant on
a. April 9, 1865 CA
b. April 19, 1861
c. April 28, 1965
d. April 5, 2010
35 Which is NOT a form of democracy?
a. Direct Democracy
b. Republic
c. Constitutional Monarchy
d. Autocracy CA
36 In the humid continental and humid subtropical zones, precipitation is...
a. heaviest in summer
b. heaviest in winter
c. even throughout the year CA
d. almost nonexistent
37 How did reading the pamphlet Common Sense affect many colonists?
a. It persuaded them to declare independence. CA
b. It reminded them they should be loyal to King George.
c. It encouraged the colonists to seek peace.
d. It convinced many colonists that could not win the war.
38 The Sumerians built temples to their gods called
a. pyramids
b. churches
c. ziggurats CA
d. tombs
39 A citadel is a ____ found in a city.
a. mansion
b. fort
c. tent
d. fortress CA
40 Who believed that reason should guide the pursuit of knowledge?
a. Socrates
b. Plato
c. Aristotle CA
d. King Phillip
41 Who thought everything was made up of atoms?
a. Socrates
b. Thales
c. Plato
d. Democritus CA
42 Which of the following did NOT contribute to the high death tolls in the Civil War?
a. ancient battle tactics/ new technology
b. tight quarters, low quality supplies
c. new medicine practices CA
d. casulaties on both sides were from the same country
43 The branch of government that interprets laws is the
a. legislative
b. judicial CA
c. executive
d. constitutional convention
44 Why has Egypt been called the "gift of the Nile"?
a. The Nile gave them gold and silver
b. The Nile River gave them everything they needed to survive. CA
c. the Egyptians took gifts to the Nile
45 This source is information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witness an event.
a. Primary Source
b. Secondary Source CA
c. Both
d. Neither
46 Which city was the capital of the Assyrian Empire?
a. Ur
b. Agad
c. Babylon
d. Nineveh CA
47 Today Egypt, Tunisia,and Algeria are
a. governed by dictators
b. constitutional monarchies
c. oligarchies
d. democratic republics CA
48 What is a group of people called when they believe in one God?
a. Monothesim CA
b. Theocracy
c. Polythesim
d. Muslium
49 The Constitutional Convention took place in Philadelphia.
a. True CA
b. False
50 The Taklamakan Desert and the_____Desert are the two main deserts in China
a. Gobi CA
b. Huang He
c. Sahara
d. Nile
51 What discovery gave historians the key they needed to read Egyptian hieroglyphics?
a. Obelisk
b. Papyrus
c. Rosetta Stone CA
d. Sphinx
52 This is the Islamic place of worship (temple).
a. Church
b. Cathedral
c. Mosque CA
d. Holy Site
53 Congress can override a veto with what majority of both houses?
a. Simple majority
b. Three-fourths majority
c. Two-thirds majority CA
d. 100 per cent of Congress
54 The government establishes planning groups that makes the decisions.
a. Command CA
b. Mixed
c. Market
d. Traditional
55 Sub-Saharan Africa refers to the part of Africa that lies
a. In the middle of the Sahara.
b. North of the Sahara.
c. Around the Sahara.
d. South of the Sahara. CA
56 William Wilberforce was best know for his effort to abolish slavery in the British Empire.
a. True CA
b. False
57 Which group of people utilize the U.S. Capitol building for making the laws of the United States?
a. The president's cabinet
b. Congress CA
c. The Supreme Court
58 The language of the Romans,was the basis of many modern European languages.
a. Roman
b. Spanish
c. Latin CA
d. Italian
59 What was the hiding place of the Frank family?
a. An abandoned train station
b. The attic of Anne's school
c. At a family friend's apartment
d. An annex in Mr. Frank's office building CA
60 Which Greek epic depicts the Trojan War?
a. the Iliad CA
b. the Odyssey
c. the Aeneid
d. Oedipus Tyrranus
61 Which religion did Lao-tzu found?
a. Shintoism
b. Buddhism
c. Shamanism
d. Taoism CA
62 The Great Compromise dealt mainly with what?
a. representation in congress CA
b. election of the president
c. selection of justices
d. checks and balances
63What is a group of people who believe in more than one God?
a. Monotheism
b. Polytheism CA
c. Theocracy
d. Mecca
64 During the last step in the naturalization process, applicants
a. take an oath of loyalty CA
b. complete an application
c. take a citizenship test
d. meet with the president
65 On which day was William crowned as King of England?
a. His birthday
b. Easter Sunday
c. Valentines Day
d. Christmas Day CA
66 The largest rain forest located in Latin America shares its name with the river that runs through it.
Which of the following is the name of the rain forest and river?
a. Nile
b. Volga
c. Amazon CA
d. Mississippi
67 If the president and vice president can no longer serve, what position in the U.S. government is
next in line for the presidency?
a. Secretary of Defense
b. First Lady
c. Speaker of the House CA
d. Senator at large
68 Which of these once belonged to Mexico?
a. California CA
b. Florida
c. Louisiana
d. Nebraska
69 Which Songhai leader built the largest empire in medieval West Africa?
a. Muhammad Ali
b. Askia Muhammad CA
c. Mansa Musa
d. Mansa Mister
70 Which of the following facts supports the claim that the benefits of the Columbian Exchange
outweighed the drawbacks?
a. Farming for Native Americans became easier with the introduction of domesticated animals
CA
b. Europeans introduced deadly diseases to the New World
c. Native Americans were forced into the Encomienda System
d. Columbus took some of the Taino Indians he met "by force"
71 What required colonists to pay for an official stamp or seal, whenever they bought paper items
a. Sugar Act
b. Toleration Act
c. Intolerable Act
d. Stamp Act CA
72 The earliest inhabitants of what is today Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya were called
a. Berbers CA
b. Europeans
c. Australians
d. Indians
73 What was the deciding battle during the first invasion of Greece by the Persians?
a. The Battle of Thermopylae
b. The Battle of Marathon CA
c. The Battle of Salamis
d. The Battle of Athens
74 What is an archipelago?
a. an ocean
b. group of islands CA
c. part of the tundra
d. part of the mountains
75 Which of these religions is monotheistic?
a. Christianity
b. Judasim
c. Islam
d. All of the above CA
76 Who was the god of the underworld?
a. Re
b. Osiris CA
c. Horus
d. Isis
77 Who was the god that represented love, caring, and protection?
a. Re
b. Horus
c. Osiris
d. Isis CA
78 The best description of the theme of interaction is
a. the human and physical characteristics of an area.
b. how humans adapt to and modify the environment. CA
c. migration across the planet.
d. a definite reference to locate a place.
e. divides the world into manageable units for geographic study.
79 An area of the world that has similar, unifying characteristics is called a
a. place
b. location
c. theme
d. region CA
80 What is the capital of Morocco?
a. Tripoli
b. Tunis
c. Algers
d. Rabat CA
81 What is the Islamic holy book?
a. Kaaba
b. Bedouin
c. Quran CA
d. Mecca
82 Any change in the constitution is called a(n)
a. Preamble
b. Amendment CA
c. Judicial Branch
d. Bill of Rights
83 Muslims consider _____the prophet of their religion.
a. Kaaba
b. Abraham
c. Muhammad CA
d. Justinian
84 The best description of the theme of location is
a. the human and physical characteristics of an area.
b. how humans adapt to and modify the environment.
c. migration across the planet.
d. a definite reference to locate a place. CA
e. divides the world into manageable units for geographic study.
85 Who defended the British soldiers after the Boston Massacre?
a. John Adams CA
b. Samuel Adams
c. Thomas Preston
d. George Washington
86 Which text feature is a drawing or chart that represents all or part of the earth's surface?
a. timeline
b. graph
c. map CA
d. table
87 What reform called for building a permanent imperial capital for Japan?
a. Vocata Reform
b. Checito Salem Reform
c. Taika Reform CA
d. Japan New Reform
88 The number of books available to people increased due to the development in the 1400s of
a. the modern novel
b. epic poetry
c. the printing press CA
d. writing paper
89 Which two countries had the biggest colonies in South America?
a. Spain and Portugal CA
b. England and France
c. the United States and Spain
d. Portugal and France
90 Who was the first Roman emperor?
a. Tarquin the Proud
b. Marcus Aurelius
c. Augustus CA
d. Hadrian
91 In what area has Nigeria worked to specialize?
a. Oil production CA
b. gold and salt trade
c. corn and wheat production
d. iron and steel
92 _____wanted to reunite the Roman Empire.
a. Theodora
b. Theoria
c. Justinian CA
d. Tribonian
93 The best description of the theme of movement is
a. the human and physical characteristics of an area.
b. how humans adapt to and modify the environment.
c. migration across the planet. CA
d. a definite reference to locate a place.
e. divides the world into manageable units for geographic study.
94 ____ abolished serfdom in 1861 as his first major reform of the Russian Empire.
a. Tsar Nicholas I
b. Alexander I
c. Alexander II CA
d. Prince Rudolf
95 Which documents addressed colonial concerns about English policies?
a. Mayflower Compact
b. Declaration of Independence CA
c. Bill of Rights
d. U.S. Constitution
96 Who was the most important Admiral for the Union Navy?
a. Robert E. Lee
b. John Brown
c. U.S. Grant
d. David Farragut CA
97 The Writs of Assistance
a. allowed colonial women to buy British cloth at reduced prices.
b. allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled goods. CA
c. helped colonists pay for imported tea.
d. helped each colony prepare its own charter and form its own legislature.
98 What do an absolute monarchy and an autocracy have in common?
a. a single legislative house
b. a written constitution
c. a single ruler CA
d. a national court system
99 The best description of the the theme of place is
a. the human and physical characteristics of an area. CA
b. how humans adapt to and modify the environment.
c. migration across the planet.
d. a definite reference to locate a place.
e. divides the world into manageable units for geographic study.
100 Which of the following is not one of the defenses at Constantinople?
a. Moat
b. Roman Fire CA
c. Walls
d. Greek Fire