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2) Head noun can also be followed by complements which complete the meaning of the
noun and take the form of that-clauses or infinitive clauses
Eg The assumption that language is a set of fixed rules has long been
supported.
He feels happy about her refusal to go.
A) Subject
Copular verbs are also used with other meanings as ordinary non-copular verbs. In
such case, they are used with adverbs.
The problem appeared impossible.
Some copular verbs are used to talk about change or the absence of change.
It’s becoming colder.
It’s growing colder.
Keep calm.
The leaves are going brown.
The flowers are turning brown.
F) Object predicative.
They will christen her Victoria. (Victoria predicates about her)
He considered this a failure. (a failure predicated about this)
G) Adverbial.
He walked all day.
I will be 40 next month.
H) Pre-modifier of a noun.
The school schedules will be changed for next year.
I) Apposition.
Apposition is a grammatical construction in which two elements, normally noun phrases, are placed side
by side, with one element serving to define or modify the other. When this device is used, the two
elements are said to be in apposition. For example, in the phrase "my friend Alice", the name "Alice" is in
apposition to "my friend".