Asignatura: Introducción a la Kinesiología

Profesora: Klga. Sandra Bittner S.

GUIA DE ESTUDIO Nº1

UNIDAD I: La Kinesiología en Chile

Objetivo específico del programa de estudios:

Contextualizar la kinesiología dentro del sistema de salud chileno, reconociendo sus orígenes y campos de acción.

Propósito de la guía:

1. Repasar y reforzar la historia de la Kinesiología en Chile.

2. Conocer sobre las patologías más frecuentes de resorte kinesiológico.
3. Averiguar sobre signos y síntomas frecuentes en las diferentes áreas de quehacer kinésico
4. Servir de ayuda al estudio del alumno.

Instrucciones:

1. Desarrolle la guía de acuerdo a lo que recuerda de las clases y apuntes complementarios. Lo que no se encuentre
en esas fuentes, investigue en fuentes confiables.
2. Conteste las preguntas de manera precisa sólo en el espacio designado para tal efecto.
3. Una vez tenga resuelta la guía, estúdiela, vuélvala a imprimir y contéstela sin revisar otras fuentes sino solo con lo
que recuerda.
4. Es fundamental que sea honesto con usted mismo al contestar la guía la segunda vez. Si no recuerda la información,
no mire los apuntes de clase ni libros complementarios. Esto permitirá que usted mismo detecte los puntos que tiene
más débiles para luego reforzarlos.
5. Los contenidos que no maneje cuando desarrolle la guía, investíguelos y rellene la guía con esa información,
idealmente con otro color, de manera de destacar los puntos débiles.
6. Como sugerencia de estudio, imprima y conteste la guía las veces que sea necesario. Es mejor eso que llenarla una
sola vez e intentar memorizarla.

Sugerencias bibliográficas:

- Artículo “Historia de la Kinesiología en Chile”, de Edgardo Hidalgo. Entregado como lectura complementaria a
través de Efinis.
- Goic, Chamorro. Semiología médica. Ed. Mediterráneo, 3º edición.
- Cruz-Mena. Aparato Respiratorio: Fisiología y Clínica. Disponible online:
http://escuela.med.puc.cl/publ/AparatoRespiratorio/Default.html
- Fortune, Paulos, Liendo. Ortopedia y traumatología. Disponible online:
http://escuela.med.puc.cl/publ/OrtopediaTraumatologia/Trau_Portada.html
 Conteste las siguientes preguntas en el espacio designado para ello.

Generalidades e Historia de la Kinesiología

1. Defina “Kinesiología”, según su etimología (origen de la palabra).

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2. Si se considera la definición en EEUU, ¿Qué es un Kinesiólogo (kinesiologist) y qué es un Terapeuta Físico

(Physical Therapist)?

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3. ¿De dónde surgió la carrera de Kinesiología originalmente en Chile?

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4. ¿A quién se considera el “padre” de la Kinesiología en Chile?

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5. ¿Qué son los “kinesiólogos puros”?

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6. ¿En qué fecha se creó el título de Kinesiólogo?

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7. ¿Cuándo se celebra el día del Kinesiólogo? ¿Qué sucedió ese día?

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8. ¿En qué año abrió la carrera de Kinesiología en la Universidad Finis Terrae?

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Área Kinesiología Musculoesquelética

Averigüe el significado de los siguientes conceptos:

a) Dolor: ______________________________________________________________________________________
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- Local: ___________________________________________________________________________________
- Referido _________________________________________________________________________________
- Irradiado: ________________________________________________________________________________
- Agudo: __________________________________________________________________________________
- Crónico: _________________________________________________________________________________

b) Esguince: ___________________________________________________________________________________
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- Grado I: _________________________________________________________________________________
- Grado II: _________________________________________________________________________________
- Grado III: ________________________________________________________________________________

c) Fractura: ____________________________________________________________________________________
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- Expuesta: ________________________________________________________________________________
- En tallo verde: ____________________________________________________________________________
- Conminuta: ______________________________________________________________________________

d) Desgarro: ___________________________________________________________________________________
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e) Luxación: ___________________________________________________________________________________
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f) Subluxación: _________________________________________________________________________________
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g) Lumbago: ___________________________________________________________________________________
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h) Cervicobraquialgia: ____________________________________________________________________________
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i) Tendinitis: __________________________________________________________________________________
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 j) Tendinosis: __________________________________________________________________________________
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k) Entesitis: ____________________________________________________________________________________
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l) Artritis: ______________________________________________________________________________________
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m) Artrosis: _____________________________________________________________________________________
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n) Escoliosis: ___________________________________________________________________________________
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o) Hiperlordosis: ________________________________________________________________________________
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p) Espondilolisis/espondilolistesis: __________________________________________________________________
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q) Propiocepción: _______________________________________________________________________________
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r) Balance: ____________________________________________________________________________________
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Área Kinesiología en Enfermedades crónicas

Averigüe el significado de las siguientes siglas:

a) ECNT: ______________________________________________________________________________________
b) HTA: _______________________________________________________________________________________
c) DLP: _______________________________________________________________________________________
d) DM-II: ______________________________________________________________________________________
e) HDL: _______________________________________________________________________________________
f) LDL: ________________________________________________________________________________________
g) IMC: ________________________________________________________________________________________

Conteste las siguientes preguntas de acuerdo a los contenidos vistos en clases:

h) Nombre los cuatro factores de riesgo conductuales.

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i) ¿Cuáles son los factores de riesgo metabólicos?

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j) ¿Cuáles son las 4 enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles?

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k) Indique al menos 4 ejemplos de enfermedades cardiovasculares.

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l) ¿Cómo se mide el IMC y cuáles son su categorías?

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m) ¿Qué es el Síndrome metabólico? ¿Cómo se diagnostica?

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n) ¿Por qué es tan importante prevenir las ECNT?

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o) ¿Cuánta actividad física se recomienda realizar según la OMS?

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p) ¿Cuál es la población más afectada por las ECNT? ¿Por qué?

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Área Kinesiología Cardiorrespiratoria

Averigüe el significado de los siguientes conceptos:

a) Neumonía: __________________________________________________________________________________
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b) Atelectasia: __________________________________________________________________________________
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c) Síndrome Bronquial Obstructivo: _________________________________________________________________

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d) Bronquiolitis: _________________________________________________________________________________
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e) EPOC: ______________________________________________________________________________________
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f) Asma bronquial: ______________________________________________________________________________

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g) Cianosis: ____________________________________________________________________________________
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h) Disnea: _____________________________________________________________________________________
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i) Hipoxia: _____________________________________________________________________________________
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j) Saturación de oxígeno: _________________________________________________________________________

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k) Oxigenoterapia: _______________________________________________________________________________
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l) Aerosolterapia: _______________________________________________________________________________
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- MDI: ____________________________________________________________________________________
 - Nebulizador: ______________________________________________________________________________

m) Murmullo pulmonar: ___________________________________________________________________________

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n) Sibilancias: __________________________________________________________________________________
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o) Retracciones costales: _________________________________________________________________________

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¿Qué diferencia hay entre la kinesiterapia respiratoria y la terapia ventilatoria?

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Área Neurokinesiología

Averigüe el significado de los siguientes conceptos:

a) Parálisis Cerebral: _____________________________________________________________________________

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b) TEC abierto: _________________________________________________________________________________

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c) TEC cerrado: _________________________________________________________________________________

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d) Accidente cerebrovascular: ______________________________________________________________________

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e) Parkinson: ___________________________________________________________________________________
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f) Isquemia: ___________________________________________________________________________________
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g) Hemorragia: _________________________________________________________________________________
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h) Aneurisma: __________________________________________________________________________________
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i) Plejia: ______________________________________________________________________________________
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j) Paresia: ____________________________________________________________________________________
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k) Hemiplejia/hemiparesia: ________________________________________________________________________
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l) Diplejia: _____________________________________________________________________________________
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m) Tetraplejia/tetraparesia: ________________________________________________________________________
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n) Mielomeningocele: ____________________________________________________________________________
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o) Esterognosia: ________________________________________________________________________________
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p) Afasia: ______________________________________________________________________________________
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q) Ataxia: ______________________________________________________________________________________
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r) Disartria: ____________________________________________________________________________________
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s) Disdiadococinesia: ____________________________________________________________________________
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t) Esterognosia: ________________________________________________________________________________
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u) Hipertonía: __________________________________________________________________________________
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v) Hipotonía: ___________________________________________________________________________________
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w) Espasticidad: ________________________________________________________________________________
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x) Cefalea: _____________________________________________________________________________________
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Área Atención Pre-hospitalaria de Urgencia

Indique el significado de las siguientes siglas:

q) SAMU: _____________________________________________________________________________________

r) APHA: _____________________________________________________________________________________

s) PALS: _____________________________________________________________________________________

t) ACLS: _____________________________________________________________________________________

u) ATLS: _____________________________________________________________________________________

v) HUAP: _____________________________________________________________________________________

¿Qué es la hora dorada (“golden hour”) en emergencias?

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Área Kinesiología Dermatofuncional

Defina los siguientes conceptos:

a) Edema: ________________________________________________________________________________________
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b) Ganglio linfático: _________________________________________________________________________________
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c) Linfa: __________________________________________________________________________________________
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d) Hematoma: _____________________________________________________________________________________
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e) Equímosis: _____________________________________________________________________________________
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f) Fibrosis: _______________________________________________________________________________________
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g) Dermis: ________________________________________________________________________________________
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h) Epidermis: ______________________________________________________________________________________
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i) Melanina:_______________________________________________________________________________________
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j) Cicatriz: ________________________________________________________________________________________
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k) Queloide: ______________________________________________________________________________________
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l) Cicatriz hipertrófica: ______________________________________________________________________________

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m) Colgajo: ________________________________________________________________________________________
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n) PEFE: ________________________________________________________________________________________
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o) Estría: ________________________________________________________________________________________
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p) Blefaroplastía: __________________________________________________________________________________
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q) Abdominoplastía: ________________________________________________________________________________
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r) Rinoplastía: _____________________________________________________________________________________
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s) Quemadura: ____________________________________________________________________________________
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- Quemadura A: ____________________________________________________________________________
- Quemadura AB: ___________________________________________________________________________
- Quemadura B: ____________________________________________________________________________

t) Escara: ________________________________________________________________________________________
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