ISOTROPIC CASES OF STATIC CHARGED

FLUID SPHERES WITH VAIDYA-TIKEKAR

MODEL IN GENERAL RELATIVITY
Abhijit Sarkar 1,a ,
1
Department of Mathematics, School of Natural Sciences
Central University of Jharkhand,
Ranchi−835205, India
a
Email: goovgo@gmail.com
June 22, 2019

Abstract
In this work, I have reviewed and built a reference gallery for my research work on the discussed
topic. This review work is far from complete and I wish to upgrade the work in a period of ten
years since number of work is far less than in the fields of anisotropic cases.

Keywords
Isotropic Co-ordinates, Charged compact star, Vaidya-Tikekar model, Review article

1 Introduction:
Overview
Einstein discovered GTR in 1915 and in the same year Karl Schwarzschild found an exact solution to
Eienstein’s equations [1]. From that moment on in history, GTR serves as the most important tool
for understanding and explaining the gravitational system. In particular, obtaining a singularity free
interior solution for compact astrophysical objects attracted wide attention in relativistic astrophysics
for the past two and a half decades. The topic of static charged fluid spheres in general relativity is
an interesting field considering the interior of stars in connection to their late stage evolution when the
general relativistic effects play an important role. When thermonuclear sources of energy in the interior
of a star are exhausted, the star undergoes gravitational contraction. As it contracts, its mass density
goes on increasing and it ultimately ends up as a white dwarf or a neutron star or a black hole. It is
this last stage of stellar evolution which leads to the formation of superdense condensations of matter.
In [2] P.C. Vaidya and R. Tikekar presented a model describing hydrostatic equilibrium condition with
a density range of 1014 -1016 gm cm–3 .

Isotropic Cases, Perfect Fluid, Importance of charge

The problem regarding determination of exact solutions to Einstein-Maxwell equations for static spher-
ical distributions of charged matter is a grave one. For an exact solution of Gαβ = 8πT αβ if one assumes
the stress-energy tensor T αβ of a perfect fluid then a spherically symmetric solution can be obtained
where the only source for the gravitational field is the energy, momentum, and pressure as well as density
of the matter comprising the fluid. To have the stellar model of static spherically symmetric space-time
one can assume uniformity i.e. isotropic co-ordinates where the metric takes a particular form ().

1
The topic of static charged fluid spheres in general relativity is an interesting field considering the in-
terior of stars in connection to their late stage evolution when the general relativistic effects play an
important role. In [3] Ivanov argues that the presence of the charge function serves as a safety valve,
avoiding singularity by counterbalancing of the gravitational attraction by the repulsive Coulombian
force with thermal pressure gradient due to fluid.

2 Line Metric
In [4] we know about the nature of Buchdahl-Vaidya-Tikekar metric which is characterized by a pa-
rameter K, related to density gradient. Also we can see in the work of H.A. Buchdahl, particularly in
[5] that the generic form we get in isotropic co-ordinate (r, θ ,φ , t), different than that we get from
curvature co-ordinate can be given by

ds2 = −A2 (dr2 + r2 dω 2 ) + B 2 dt2

For spherically symmetric case we consider

ds2 = −eλ dr2 − r2 (dθ2 + sin2 θ dφ2 ) + eν dt2

Where the metric potential in Buchdahl-Vaidya-Tikekar model is taken to be

K(1 + Cr2 ) K
eλ = where C = −
K + Cr2 R2
Here K and R are two parameters which characterize the geometry of the star. A good account can be
found in [6].

3 Exact Solutions:
In [7] Naveen Bijalwan discucssed both neutral and charged cases giving exact solution with physical
conditons verified. A more detailed closed form solution with Vadiya-Tikekar model is taken in [8]
and with pressure considered in [9]. A solution for a new class as well as well behaved classes of
charged Vaidya-Tikekar type can be found in [10] and [11]. For a generalized Tolman-Oppenheimar-
Volkoff equation an exact solution for Eienstein-Maxwell equation is given in [12] which provides an
opportunity to explore and expand Vaidya-Tikekar type model for generalized TOV equations.

4 Conclusions:
In [13] Amit Prasad, Jitendra Kumar et al,̇ described a physically acceptable stellar model with a general
solution of the Vaidya–Tikekar model for 0 < K < 1. The task remains to find a new solution with all
physical conditions checked, for rest of the domain for the parameter K.
I wish to finish that task.

2
References
[1] Galina Weinstein. Einstein, schwarzschild, the perihelion motion of mercury and the rotating disk
story. arXiv preprint arXiv:1411.7370, 2014.

[2] PC Vaidya and Ramesh Tikekar. Exact relativistic model for a superdense star. Journal of Astro-
physics and Astronomy, 3(3):325–334, 1982.

[3] BV Ivanov. Static charged perfect fluid spheres in general relativity. Physical Review D,
65(10):104001, 2002.

[4] Avas Khugaev, Naresh Dadhich, and Alfred Molina. Higher dimensional generalization of the
buchdahl-vaidya-tikekar model for a supercompact star. Physical Review D, 94(6):064065, 2016.

[5] HA Buchdahl. Isotropic coordinates and schwarzschild metric. International journal of theoretical
physics, 24(7):731–739, 1985.

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[9] Naveen Bijalwan and YK Gupta. Closed form vaidya-tikekar type charged fluid spheres with
pressure. Astrophysics and Space Science, 334(2):293–299, 2011.

[10] YK Gupta, Jitendra Kumar, et al. A new class of charged analogues of vaidya–tikekar type super-
dense star. Astrophysics and Space Science, 333(1):143–148, 2011.

[11] YK Gupta and Jitendra Kumar. A class of well behaved charged analogues of vaidya–tikekar type
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[12] Li Zou, Fang-Yu Li, and Hao Wen. Exact solutions of the einstein–maxwell equations in charged
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nal of Modern Physics D, 22(02):1350009, 2013.

[13] Jitendra Kumar, Amit Kumar Prasad, SK Maurya, and Ayan Banerjee. Charged vaidya–tikekar
model for super compact star. The European Physical Journal C, 78(7):540, 2018.