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Research About Motivation and Gratification on Instant Messenger App

Usage (WhatsApp & LINE) by Student Through Uses and Gratification
Perspective
 Indonesia Digital Landscape 2018
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 Indonesia Digital Landscape 2018
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 Indonesia Digital Landscape 2018
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 Indonesia Digital Landscape 2018
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 Indonesia Digital Landscape 2018
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 Indonesia Digital Landscape 2018
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The biggest IM
user
 Indonesia Digital Landscape 2018
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 Infografis Jenis User
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Research Question

What are the motivation that affect individuals to use IM apps? Specifically
what are the differences from of gratification they get by using WhatsApp or
LINE?

Keyword : WhatsApp, LINE, Social Media,

Gratification, Motivation, Uses and Gratification

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Research Question
 Uses and Gratification (UGT)

Motivation enable members or individuals of the audience to selectively use certain media to
satisfy their psychological needs (Katz, 1974)

The motivation of users against particular needs greatly affect them in

determining the IT application (Raacke and Bonds, 2008)

UGT approach is able to explain on the user level about their perspective in
understanding the use of IM media (Li, dkk, 2015)

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 (Chunmei & Wang 2015)
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Content Social Hedonic
Gratification Gratification Gratification

Expectations on the Expectations on the

Expectations on the
fulfillment of interaction fulfillment of hedonic and
fulfillment of information
and relationship dalliance

Quantitative data analysis by exploring data in descriptive analysis and

compare the result using univariate test
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Collecting data, Respondent
Comparative
Questionnaries Characteristic
Univariate Test
Surveys Descriptive Analysis

Conclusion
Results (Implication and
limitation)

Quantitative Sample (N = 120) respondent as UNDIP

student
Collecting data using Accidental Sampling
 4 variabel questionnaries 17
Information Relationship Identity Feature
Motivation Motivation Motivation Motivation

Using Non Parametric Comparative test - 2 independent test

(not using Independent-t Test because data distribution of
respondents tested is not normal)

Table 1.4 Reliability and Validity Test on Questionnaire Data

Reability t-Tabel Results
Number of question Validity (Bivariat)
(Alpha) Constanta

30 butir (4 variable) 0,905 0,490 – 0,733 0,177 Reliable & Valid

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Table 1.1 - Respondent Descriptive Analysis (Questionnaire Survey)
Dominant IM Usage
Characteristic
WA (N = 61) LINE (N = 59) Total (N = 120)
Sex
Male (%) 52 45 49
Female (%) 48 55 51
Age
17-20 (%) 20 61 40
21-25 (%) 41 39 40
26-30 (%) 6 -- 3
>30 (%) 33 -- 17
Faculty
Social & Politic (%) 38 51 45
Economy(%) 13 15 14
Law (%) 33 4 18
Cultural Science (%) 8 10 9
Engineer (%) 6 15 11
Others (%) 2 5 3
 Table 1.1 - Respondent Descriptive Analysis (Questionnaire Survey)
Characteristic
Study Duration
Junior Student (%)
WA (N = 61)

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LINE (N = 59)

37
Total (N = 120)

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Senior Student (%) 72 63 67
User Type
Light User (%) 10 8 9
Medium User (%) 25 22 23
Heavy User (%) 65 70 68
App Ownership Duration
< 1 year (%) 5 2 3
1-3 year (%) 34 30 32
> 3 year (%) 61 68 65
Number of Contacts
< 30 (%) 18 12 15
31-60 (%) 11 3 8
> 60 (%) 71 85 77
Use Other IM’s (Besides WA & LINE)
Use other IM’s 57 40 50
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Table 1.2 - Respondent Descriptive Analysis (Questionnaire Survey)

User Type
Characteristic
Light User Medium User Heavy User

Sex
Male (%) 10 29 61
Female (%) 8 18 74
Age
17-20 (%) 8 23 69
21-25 (%) 6 25 69
26-30 (%) -- -- 100
>30 (%) 20 25 55
Use Other IM’s (Besides WA & LINE)
Use Other IM’s 8 28 64
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Table 1.5 – 2 Independent (Mann Whitney) Non Parametric - Comparative Test
Information Average Significant Relationship Average Significant
Motivation Rank Constanta Motivation Rank Constanta
WA 111,37 WA 130,26
0,41 0,28
LINE 129,63 LINE 110,74

Identity Average Significant Feature Average Significant

Motivation Rank Constanta Motivation Rank Constanta
WA 105,75 WA 119,71
0,01 0,858
LINE 135,25 LINE 121,29

Relationship and Feature Identity, Information and

as Dominant Gratification feature as Dominant
Sought in WhatsApp Gratification Sought inLINE
 WhatsApp LINE
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(Rank 1) Seeking
((Rank 1) Seeking 1.Information Expectation
information about
information about family
Entertainment
and relatives Content
Gratification (Rank 2) Seeking and
(Rank 2) Sharing Sharing about Business-
information to family and related information
relatives

Motivation on using WhatsApp's is dominant in searching & sharing interpersonal

information professionally compared to LINE

Motivation on using LINE is dominant in wider information searching, more open

and public compared to WhatsApp

(Rank 1) Maintaining family 2. Relationship Expectation
and relatives relationship
(Rank 2) Product and
service promotion
(Rank 1) Looking for
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new relationships
Social (Rank 2) Joining the
Gratification group / groupchat
3. Identity Expectation
(Rank 3) Self, product
or service promotion

Motivation in using WhatsApp is dominant in keeping the relationship rather than

looking for new relationship in LINE
Respondent prefer to be more exposed publicly with LINE rather than using
WhatsApp
The average number of groups in WhatsApp consists of less than 5 groupchats,
while more than 20 groupchats in the LINE
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(Rank 1) Specific Features
(Rank 1) Messaging Features 4. Features Expectation

Hedonic (Rank 2) Messaging Features

(Rank 2) Specific Features
Gratification
(Rank 2) Technical Features

Messaging features in WhatsApp are such as (unread, hide, delete, unsend, voice
note, etc) while specific features such as WhatsApp Web, VoIP, etc

Specific features in LINE are such as Sticker, LINE Today, Square, TimeLine,
People Nearby, etc (most heavy users here)

Technical features in WhatsApp are such great file compression, smooth UI, while in
LINE is the UI environment as integrated IM
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 FillIng the research gap from previous UGT research by
exploring through motivational comparisons between 2
IMs, in general, and in particular

 Knowing what motivations are dominants in IM, so that

developers can focus on what is the most sought, and
leave the least, as for IM differentiation factor on the
target market

 A relatively small sample size and limited demographics,

concern to keep in mind when generalizing the results of
this study when examining different demographic groups
of respondents for future research.
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