1. What are the important requirements for civil avionics systems?

 For better flight control, performing computations and increased control over flight
control surfaces.
 For navigation, provide information using sensors like Altitude and Head Reference
System (AHRS).
 Provide air data like altitude, atmospheric pressure, temperature, etc.

2. State the steps involved in avionics system design.

 Fulfilling the required performance
 Acceptable levels of availability & failure conditions
 Ease of use and maintenance
 Environmental requirements
 System safety
 Redundancy
 Reliability
 Built –In Test Equipment (BITE)
 Automatic Test Equipment (ATE)

3 Difference between combinational and logic circuits.

In digital circuit theory, combinational logic (sometimes also referred to as time-independent

logic ) is a type of digital logic which is implemented by Boolean circuits, where the output is
a pure function of the present input only.

In digital circuit theory, sequential logic is a type of logic circuit whose output depends not
only on the present value of its input signals but on the sequence of past inputs, the input
history as well.

4 Write about flight management system.

Ans: Sophisticated FMS have into wide scale use on civil aircraft since the early 1980s and
have enabled two crew operation of the largest long range civil jet airliners. The task carried-
out by the Flight Management Systems includes:
- Flight planning
- Navigation management
- Engine control to maintain the planned speed or mach number
- Control of the aircraft flight path to follow the optimised planned route
- Control of the vertical flight profile
- Ensuring the aircraft is t the planned 3D position at the planned time
slot: often referred to as 4D navigation. This very important for air traffic control
- Flight envelope monitoring
- Minimizing fuel consumption

5 Write about the role of FBW.

_ Enables a lighter, higher performance aircraft designed with relaxed stability

_ Good consistent handling which is sensibly constant over a wide flight envelope
and range of load conditions
_ Continuous automatic stabilization of the aircraft by computer control of the
control surfaces
_ Auto pilot integration
_ Care free manueuvring characteristics
_ Ability to integrate additional controls automatically such as
- Leading edge slats/flaps and trailing edge flaps to generate additional lift
-Variable wing sweep
-Thrust vector control nozzles and engine thrust
_ Elimination of mechanical controls runs - friction, backlash
_ Small control stick
_ Ability to exploit aerodynamically unstable configuration

6 What do you know about house keeping system.

Ans:-The term 'house keeping' management has been used to cover the automation of the
background tasks which are essential for the aircraft's safe and efficient operation. Such tasks
include
? Fuel management,
? Electrical power supply system management,
? Cabin/cockpit pressurization systems,
? Environmental control system,
? Warning systems,
? Maintenance and monitoring systems.

7 What are the major drivers of avionics system?

To meet the mission requirements with the minimum flight crew (namely the first pilot
and the second pilot) Economic benefits like
• Saving of crew salaries
• Expenses and training costs
• Reduction in weigh-more passengers or longer range on less fuel
Major drivers for avionics in civil transport aircraft are:
i. Capability
ii. Reliability
iii. Maintainability
iv. Certificability
v. Cost of Ownership

8 What are the top level requirements of design in avionics system?

Ans:
• Top-level Requirement for Military
– The customer prepares the statement of need and top-level description of possible
missions
– Describes the gross characteristic of a hypothetical aircraft that could fly the
mission
– Customer may also describe the mission environment and define strategic and
tactical philosophies and principles and rules of engagement.

9 Write different types of navigation systems.

Ans:- Classic dead-reckoning navigation using air data and magnetic, together with
Doppler or LORAN-C;
Radio navigation using navigation aids – ground-based radio-frequency beacons
and airborne receiving and processing equipment;
Barometric inertial navigation using a combination of air data and inertial
navigations (IN) or Doppler;
Satellite navigation using a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), more
usually a global positioning system (GPS);
Multiple-sensor navigation using a combination of all the above.

10 Write a role of inertial sensors in avionics system.

Ans:- They provide attitude and heading information which are essential for a/c
mission. Various inertial sensor systems are-
_ Gyros - mechanical - electromechanical - RLG-FOG
_ Accelerometer
_ AHRS(Attitude Heading Reference Systems)
o Strap Down
o Gimballed systems