Chapter 5

ANALYSIS USING SAP2000v20

5.1 Begin a new model
In this step, the basic grid that will serve as a template for developing the model will be defined.
After this is done, we will define the material property and the section property. Steps followed to
make a new model are discussed as follows.
A. Click on the File menu>New model or directly click on the new model icon. A new page
will open as shown in Fig. 5.1.
B. Set the unit to KN, m, C.

Fig. 5.1: Beginning a new model in SAP2000

C. No, select the Use custom Grid Spacing and Locate Origin and then click on the Edit grid
option.
D. Now, enter the value of coordinates in the x-axis and z-axis as shown in the Fig.5.2

Fig. 5.2: Assigning coordinates in SAP2000

E. We can edit the coordinates by Define>Coordinate system/Grids>Modify System.

F. A 2-D frame appears on the screen. We can see the frame in 3-D as well as XY, YZ or XZ
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 plane.

5.2 Defining Material and Section property:

In this step, we define all the types of materials going to be used in the structure whether it be steel
or concrete of different grade.
A. Go to Define menu>Materials>Add new material
B. Now select India as the country, type of material as concrete and then select the grade of
concrete as M20. Property of the material M20 is shown in Fig5.3.

Fig. 5.3: Assigning material property in SAP2000

C. Now, go to Define menu>Section Properties>Frame section which will display the frame
property form.
D. Select the Property type as Concrete and the Type of section as rectangular.
E. Now give name to the section as Beam and then fill the value of width as 0.3m and the value
of depth as 0.45 m. Similarly, define another section as column and fill the value of both
width and depth as 0.3m.
F. We can also assign the reinforcements in beam and the column.

5.3 Assigning of Frame Elements

A. First, all the beams present in the frame are selected. Then go to Assign>Frame
Section>Beam.
B. Now select all the columns present in the frame. Then Assign>Frame Section>Column.

5.4 Define Load Pattern, Load Case and Load Combination

A. Go to Define>Load pattern.
B. Add dead load pattern, live load pattern and earthquake load pattern.
C. Go to Define>Load case and set the dead load, live load and earthquake load to linear
static.(We set earthquake load to linear static because we are going to use value of load due to
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 earthquake on each storey calculated by equivalent static lateral force method)
D. Go to Define>Load Combination and set various load combination used for analysis.
The load combination used in our case are:
1.5(DL+IL)
1.2(DL+IL+EL)
1.2(DL+IL-EL)
1.5(DL+EL)
1.5(DL-EL)
0.9DL+1.5EL
0.9DL-1.5EL

5.5 Assigning Joint Restraints

A. Select all the joints/nodes where the restraints are to be assigned
B. Now go to Assign>Joint>Restraints. A table pops up.
C. Select the fixed support and then click on the apply button.

5.6 Assigning Load

Now, the loads are assigned to the members. We select the members one by one and assign dead load
first, then we assign the live load and finally earthquake load value. Dead load and live load are
distributed over the length of the member and applied in vertically downward direction (towards
gravity) while the earthquake load is a point load which acts on the joint at each floor in x- direction.
The assigned DL, IL and EL acting on the structure are shown in Fig5.4, Fig5.5 and Fig5.6

Fig. 5.4: DL assigned on the frame

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 Fig. 5.5: LL assigned on the frame

Fig. 5.6: EQ load assigned on the frame

5.7 Analysis of Frame

A. Click on the Analyze>Run Analysis to run the analysis. A dialog box will be shown.

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B. Now, set the modal case to “DO NOT RUN” and rest all load case to “RUN”.
C. Click on the Run Now button. Analysis result will be shown.
We can see the deformed shape of the structure, the shear force, the axial force and the bending
moment. We can also see the amount of displacement occurred at any node. This analysis result
helps us in designing different members be it beams, columns, slabs or footings. The value of
moment, shear force, axial force from this software can be compared with the values we got from
the manual analysis of the frame.
The deformed shape of the structure due to DL/ IL and EL are shown in Fig.5.7, Fig5.8 and
Fig5.9 respectively. The bending moment diagram due to DL, IL and EL are shown in Fig5.10,
Fig5.11 and Fig5.12 respectively. The shear force due to DL, IL and EL are shown in Fig5.13,
Fig5.14 and Fig5.15 respectively. The axial force due to DL, IL and EL are shown in Fig5.16,
Fig5.17 and Fig5.18 respectively.

Fig. 5.7: Deformed shape due to DL

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 Fig. 5.8: Deformed shape due to LL

Fig. 5.9: Deformed shape due to EL (sway towards right)

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Fig. 5.10: Bending moment diagram due to only DL

Fig. 5.11: Bending moment diagram due to LL

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Fig. 5.12: Bending moment diagram due to only EL

Fig. 5.13: Shear force diagram due to DL

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Fig. 5.14: Shear force diagram due to LL

Fig. 5.15: Shear force diagram due to EL

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Fig. 5.16: Axial force diagram due to DL

Fig. 5.17: Axial force diagram due to LL

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Fig. 5.18: Axial force diagram due to EL

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