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Actividad 3
Estudiante
César Andrés Pacheco Chaparro
Febrero de 2019
Ejemplo de aplicación del análisis
de correlación canónica
Conjunto de datos
Los datos utilizados son parte de un estudio en el que se pretendía evidenciar la influencia de ciertas
variables del suelo en el desarrollo de las plantas de maíz, en la finca Marengo de la Universidad
Nacional de Colombia en el municipio de Mosquera , Cundinamarca. (Pacheco y Leiva, 2008).
Todas las unidades experimentales tuvieron el mismo manejo agronómico y se utilizó la misma
variedad de maíz, y se encontraban sujetas a las mismas condiciones de precipitación, temperatura,
humedad, radiación, etc,. De tal forma que se prevé que las diferencias en el comportamiento de las
plantas se debió a las diferencias en las características del suelo. El hecho de que el desarrollo de las
plantas depende de las características físicas y químicas, así como del contenido de nutrientes del
suelo y de factores climáticos (Marín, G., et al., 2011), se encuentra ampliamente documentado.
4 5 12 13 20 21 28 29
3 6 11 14 19 22 27 30
2 7 10 15 18 23 26 31
1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32
Se leen los datos de variables dependientes (planta), alojados en un libro de hojas de cálculo de
Excel.
library(readxl)
maizUN <- read_excel("Escritorio/Master UGR/estd mtv/corrcanónica/maizUN.xls", sheet =
"Hoja5")
View(maizUN)
Se cargan la librería mvShapiroTest para comprobar la normalidad multivariante y se realiza la
prueba de Shapiro para normalidad multivariante. Se excluye la primer columna que es un
identificador del sitio de muestreo.
library(mvShapiroTest)
require(mvShapiroTest)
mvShapiro.Test(as.matrix(maizUN[,2:8]))
mvShapiro.Test(as.matrix(suelosUN[,2:8]))
Se rechaza el supuesto de normalidad multivariante, puesto que el p-value < 0,05. Se realiza una
prueba particular de Shapiro WilK para identificar cuales variables no cumplen con la normalidad.
Se ha puesto en rojo las variables que no superan la prueba de normalidad.
shapiro.test(as.matrix(suelos[,2]))
shapiro.test(as.matrix(suelos[,3]))
shapiro.test(as.matrix(suelos[,4]))
shapiro.test(as.matrix(suelos[,5]))
> shapiro.test(as.matrix(suelos[,6]))
> shapiro.test(as.matrix(suelos[,7]))
> shapiro.test(as.matrix(suelos[,8]))
Las variables 2, 6, y 8 no cumplen con la normalidad. Se generan los histogramas como ayuda
visual de las distribuciones correspondientes.
hist(as.matrix(suelos[,2]))
hist(as.matrix(suelos[,6]))
hist(as.matrix(suelos[,8]))
> suelost[,6]<-suelos[,6]^(-1)
> shapiro.test(as.matrix(suelost[,6]))
> suelost[,8]<-suelos[,8]^(-1)
> shapiro.test(as.matrix(suelost[,8]))
Ahora el objeto suelost contiene los datos con las variables 2, 6, y 8 normalizadas mediante
la transformación y = 1/x. Se prueba de nuevo la normalidad multivariante.
mvShapiro.Test(as.matrix(suelost[,2:8]))
Pese a haber transformado los datos para no rachazar la hipótesis de normalidad de cada variable,
aún no se cumple con la normalidad multivariante. La consecuencia de esta situación es la
limitación a la hora de realizar los contrastes de significación de inferencia estadística de cada
función canónica, (Badii, et al., 2007), pero podría ocurrir que con las variables transformadas las
correlaciones disminuyan. Aún así es posible obtener información útil del análisis de correlaciones
canónicas. En adelante se realiza el análisis de correlaciones canónicas inicialmente con las
variables sin transformar y enseguida con las variables transformadas. En este último caso es
importante tener en cuenta que hay tres variables transformadas a la hora de interpretar los
resultados.
$Ycor
DAF Longpl AFHIN AFHSU PHM Maz/m2 PSPL
DAF 1.0000000 -0.7486062 -0.5075470 -0.4678808 -0.4692417 -0.4900427 -0.3900714
Longpl -0.7486062 1.0000000 0.8219481 0.7833515 0.6070789 0.5213118 0.4636560
AFHIN -0.5075470 0.8219481 1.0000000 0.9601511 0.6254082 0.4393567 0.4645130
AFHSU -0.4678808 0.7833515 0.9601511 1.0000000 0.6645599 0.3806343 0.4409346
PHM -0.4692417 0.6070789 0.6254082 0.6645599 1.0000000 0.2946746 0.4649840
Maz/m2 -0.4900427 0.5213118 0.4393567 0.3806343 0.2946746 1.0000000 0.3027732
PSPL -0.3900714 0.4636560 0.4645130 0.4409346 0.4649840 0.3027732 1.0000000
$XYcor
H CE Na1 Na2 Al N P DAF Longpl AFHIN AFHSU
H 1.00000000 -0.4615540 -0.2869406 -0.3639218 0.73219284 0.08659885 0.05479367 -0.4210140 0.4948493 0.2547726 0.2697982
CE -0.46155396 1.0000000 0.6835849 0.8956650 -0.60159221 0.24386721 -0.49859473 0.8305346 -0.6521033 -0.3409554 -0.3299080
Na1 -0.28694056 0.6835849 1.0000000 0.7594306 -0.45385097 0.38590094 -0.56095823 0.7212669 -0.5546547 -0.3268152 -0.3375259
Na2 -0.36392178 0.8956650 0.7594306 1.0000000 -0.60556352 0.50314230 -0.42442325 0.7751589 -0.6110695 -0.2308895 -0.2160156
Al 0.73219284 -0.6015922 -0.4538510 -0.6055635 1.00000000 -0.02841626 0.28511743 -0.4878934 0.4540328 0.1622994 0.1785816
N 0.08659885 0.2438672 0.3859009 0.5031423 -0.02841626 1.00000000 -0.09820094 0.2736550 -0.1053470 0.1353510 0.1530405
P 0.05479367 -0.4985947 -0.5609582 -0.4244232 0.28511743 -0.09820094 1.00000000 -0.4859073 0.4471885 0.3984092 0.4096190
DAF -0.42101396 0.8305346 0.7212669 0.7751589 -0.48789335 0.27365498 -0.48590728 1.0000000 -0.7486062 -0.5075470 -0.4678808
Longpl 0.49484934 -0.6521033 -0.5546547 -0.6110695 0.45403277 -0.10534696 0.44718855 -0.7486062 1.0000000 0.8219481 0.7833515
AFHIN 0.25477257 -0.3409554 -0.3268152 -0.2308895 0.16229939 0.13535096 0.39840918 -0.5075470 0.8219481 1.0000000 0.9601511
AFHSU 0.26979825 -0.3299080 -0.3375259 -0.2160156 0.17858163 0.15304050 0.40961904 -0.4678808 0.7833515 0.9601511 1.0000000
PHM 0.44159221 -0.3475496 -0.4603814 -0.2521379 0.29073618 0.24547102 0.42784141 -0.4692417 0.6070789 0.6254082 0.6645599
Maz/m2 0.21358798 -0.5139226 -0.4255353 -0.4789912 0.30365847 -0.05086207 0.19681320 -0.4900427 0.5213118 0.4393567 0.3806343
PSPL 0.23858681 -0.2527479 -0.3961721 -0.2634899 -0.06310520 -0.09803246 0.20820421 -0.3900714 0.4636560 0.4645130 0.4409346
$names$Ynames
[1] "DAF" "Longpl" "AFHIN" "AFHSU" "PHM" "Maz/m2" "PSPL"
$names$ind.names
[1] "1" "2" "3" "4" "5" "6" "7" "8" "9" "10" "11" "12" "13" "14" "15" "16" "17"
"18" "19" "20" "21" "22" "23" "24" "25"
[26] "26" "27" "28" "29" "30" "31" "32"
Los coeficientes en bruto muestran que tan sensibles son las variables canónicas a cambios unitarios
en las variables de forma similar a los coeficientes de regresión, pero no son indicador de la
correlación entre la variable canónica y las variables dependientes o independientes.
$xcoef
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7]
H -6.585286615 -18.61300027 12.160140426 -4.35630710 -6.02700652 -0.07058357 -8.27459907
CE 0.199475573 -1.52765659 1.374360186 -1.30688662 0.66476704 -0.09619537 1.74790738
Na1 0.519571818 0.68597964 1.352232151 -1.48196593 -1.68232536 -2.28476273 -0.07578379
Na2 1.239397062 2.52441181 -4.004350987 2.49509331 -2.00308706 3.66805739 -3.63928431
Al 1.650996105 6.50015053 -4.431915886 -3.96073589 0.38720820 4.09928666 0.66018054
N -2.529297023 -20.93389900 -9.122469406 -10.13451490 25.49234805 -25.49758852 9.89729550
P -0.003076081 -0.02392206 -0.002056118 -0.01320158 -0.04305682 -0.01114365 0.02569786
$ycoef
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7]
DAF 0.086019096 -0.092178740 0.090460790 -0.143024383 0.062739888 -0.087558983 -0.062014170
Longpl -0.016751468 -0.000881192 0.035735115 -0.043420402 -0.005261712 -0.008155574 -0.009435130
AFHIN 0.010101105 -0.004582914 -0.007363236 0.007872794 -0.007160121 -0.024298017 0.033275704
AFHSU -0.003725138 0.004210845 -0.005279253 0.003470498 -0.001858324 0.018218788 -0.039857995
PHM -0.001525536 -0.010020984 -0.008052148 -0.007565333 0.006849993 0.005207351 0.008513248
Maz/m2 -0.215115983 0.494057243 -0.440735296 0.119923914 1.773815186 -0.740113449 -0.594399510
PSPL -0.003336482 -0.013810427 0.017507450 0.016646900 0.003690599 0.001061390 -0.003980600
$scores
$scores$xscores
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7]
[1,] -1.47712819 -1.59278893 0.11690295 0.77387441 -0.44121244 -0.96098391 1.39020943
[2,] -1.70737946 0.22169153 1.08334426 0.03527194 0.24680191 1.66776499 -0.57408080
[3,] -1.64029728 1.52569912 -0.80191018 -2.57685767 -0.82661282 1.91910920 -0.25812970
[4,] -1.18541070 0.11799949 -1.11375847 -0.69002606 0.07635179 0.58490473 1.71349703
[5,] -1.15751401 0.39166915 0.12821862 0.71526553 -0.97725433 -1.27810979 1.02273311
[6,] -0.76165368 -0.60742909 -0.61521016 -1.74998900 2.39813791 0.02485774 -0.34999701
[7,] -0.51456637 0.26737194 0.73917682 -0.30936914 0.46564448 -0.28044466 -0.61640765
[8,] -0.08324901 -1.02817652 -0.76159635 -1.09271296 -0.65643366 -1.24807619 -2.74376955
[9,] -0.94109880 -1.80792141 0.28330796 -0.04812590 0.67478090 -0.60577969 -1.12775843
[10,] -0.64694880 -1.07618438 -0.32268461 -0.98413809 -0.88709819 -0.31439176 0.81753184
[11,] -0.02803459 0.84038707 2.41410113 -0.59476478 -1.07495458 -0.33794691 -1.23113822
[12,] 0.04089894 1.08558187 0.64471324 1.48161730 1.08756224 1.50708388 -0.41922885
[13,] 0.13230302 1.51043917 -0.89822421 -0.96210075 -0.41695080 -0.80429566 0.29996203
[14,] -0.25495490 0.54918889 -0.10669838 0.70226160 -1.80178054 -0.13746366 -0.12991242
[15,] -0.34821507 0.73513466 -0.48325632 0.01771951 -0.63842771 -1.02575749 1.29989878
[16,] -1.28611399 -1.54803699 1.22287636 1.34622274 0.24165280 0.84124551 -1.32696636
[17,] -0.87952627 -0.67018472 0.22138018 0.83588185 -0.60756587 -0.07832929 1.20589356
[18,] -0.33897101 1.24472293 -0.25157557 0.95282251 1.81165511 -1.31541813 0.72687802
[19,] 0.41841380 0.36413935 -0.09983101 0.78762374 1.05021217 1.18818244 0.59353102
[20,] 0.89943950 0.45328378 0.16013414 0.26761215 -0.03336640 2.18916992 0.73236037
[21,] 0.82722581 1.03615434 1.33025428 -0.14381479 0.46473811 -1.33315861 -0.07297229
[22,] 0.30251233 0.55942650 1.18993681 0.18616155 0.50782484 -1.67580250 0.53195063
[23,] 0.92890429 0.04121749 -2.16861451 0.64387627 -1.68227655 -0.05170093 -1.25490187
[24,] 1.50789964 0.10155065 0.11945464 -1.24591310 0.34871236 -0.60712504 0.32747061
[25,] 1.86875119 -2.01214456 0.46553274 -1.30448175 1.03159167 0.42443340 1.27245155
[26,] 0.92629532 -0.52590710 -0.84923736 -0.36818512 0.55400933 -0.31139435 -0.75565458
[27,] 1.50390071 -0.66696458 1.19594157 -0.92544153 -0.46611129 0.62067774 0.64399007
[28,] 1.02653091 0.15731784 0.98632789 0.69180369 -1.10469908 0.42240968 -0.56423316
[29,] 1.49830485 -0.48162238 -0.06358187 0.31346919 -1.49036182 0.78339325 0.55295478
[30,] 0.74904566 0.42866527 -0.54682407 1.07601310 0.48360108 -0.05682823 -0.56028655
[31,] 0.28112905 1.52884025 -1.08091940 0.55110219 1.28325089 -0.28496491 -1.03573061
[32,] 0.33950711 -1.14312064 -2.13768114 1.61732138 0.37857850 0.53473923 -0.11014477
$scores$yscores
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7]
[1,] -1.48248616 -1.00731844 -0.9811796 -0.01832029 -0.69177009 -0.33962782 0.73262769
[2,] -1.82740718 -0.38251183 1.1331730 0.19333609 1.00575622 1.14366515 0.30493207
[3,] -1.03512919 0.97904121 -1.2090366 0.02948740 0.22860629 0.00479972 -0.21594238
[4,] -1.58604599 -0.54505043 -0.3020295 -1.77992282 0.42385936 1.28239348 0.94037214
[5,] -1.58581131 0.32631457 -0.4970338 2.38963454 -0.78928824 0.20225406 0.76780708
[6,] -0.93996184 1.06560464 -0.6479293 -1.13255384 -0.26163027 0.78220918 0.31550248
[7,] -0.30901148 -0.54674045 -0.4949967 -1.73454934 1.18861129 0.22035460 -0.13000032
[8,] -0.10350367 -0.55334215 -0.7286237 -0.42284348 -0.83613249 -0.15971540 -1.78025742
[9,] -0.38833690 -2.07151314 0.9608592 0.46798351 0.61778678 -2.54725749 2.32181265
[10,] 0.36901230 -0.78787325 0.7072319 -0.12074689 -1.72269507 1.39379808 -0.48256319
[11,] -0.38290477 0.74846620 1.9954665 -0.34086252 -0.46815722 0.10993362 -0.03504212
[12,] 0.10533995 0.45123994 -0.6394550 1.06905667 -2.44627069 -0.73457424 -1.11518889
[13,] -0.14530599 1.12758295 -0.5101356 -1.77846005 0.04516746 -2.76972603 0.27140469
[14,] -0.60470041 1.71748075 -0.4520956 0.34096092 -0.80533788 -1.49553984 -0.32210102
[15,] -0.57050949 -0.07341487 0.6041987 -0.69042623 -2.02652984 -0.83523019 -0.34293822
[16,] -1.64148405 -0.69616523 1.3996503 -0.13657129 0.30429925 0.39768333 -0.87185664
[17,] -0.48896788 -0.62853393 0.7958849 0.30838745 1.25010763 0.04688731 -2.42521694
[18,] -0.12029188 1.33992098 0.4885589 1.00802024 1.68144115 0.02687833 0.03287592
[19,] 0.45304257 1.15761821 0.3900132 1.47141995 1.80169742 -1.18026158 -0.39045411
[20,] 1.30445455 0.88687866 0.8992251 -0.17699911 -0.71715391 0.47774532 0.46110803
[21,] 1.27681180 1.25419052 1.1768542 -1.37141207 0.25234856 0.38077261 0.03036161
[22,] 1.03380920 0.77859207 -0.5430206 1.03884228 0.68611078 0.17451438 -0.09254192
[23,] 1.10073538 0.70464614 -0.2247888 0.16123247 0.40924306 0.23505941 0.74595504
[24,] 0.88058583 -1.20756529 0.7309794 0.17667494 0.69696648 -0.11633051 -2.20660806
[25,] 1.54073267 -1.41943603 1.0981579 -0.41165088 -0.40818468 -0.91169426 -0.04096433
[26,] 0.52581130 -0.81345472 -1.3145580 0.85913977 0.31868165 0.82905529 1.10409741
[27,] 1.10509686 -0.42549033 -1.0963533 -1.01739984 1.04725805 -0.16618055 0.54591191
[28,] 1.43204782 -0.95952545 0.7040909 0.25426477 -1.00167862 0.42662895 1.58133023
[29,] 1.11734416 0.34663851 -0.5341607 -0.02159640 -0.38143027 1.52076129 0.34062684
[30,] 0.06730472 -0.15008502 0.4846595 1.84149512 0.08729291 0.82019864 0.59199993
[31,] 0.23388591 1.06804753 -0.6607747 -0.73680224 0.05327702 0.92507211 0.47794284
[32,] 0.66584318 -1.68424232 -2.7328323 0.28118116 0.45774790 -0.14452695 -1.11499300
$scores$corr.X.xscores
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7]
H -0.5861323 -0.22849125 0.0287924 -0.53122701 -0.03729038 0.20466170 -0.52719313
CE 0.9237538 -0.26881427 0.1661137 -0.02927348 0.07814959 0.18677839 0.07052367
Na1 0.8245403 0.05528895 0.1804400 -0.20422435 -0.12833915 -0.35973335 -0.31133786
Na2 0.9145053 -0.30450990 -0.1275530 0.04149851 -0.04748586 0.05632631 -0.21802358
Al -0.6063589 0.24388212 -0.2205817 -0.68495046 0.03585724 0.22457018 -0.05761526
N 0.3223903 -0.40260699 -0.5943113 -0.29035192 0.26507206 -0.39749303 -0.26114745
P -0.4881543 -0.15557772 -0.4385480 0.01914977 -0.55318472 -0.03853068 0.48714679
$scores$corr.Y.xscores
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7]
DAF 0.8435093 -0.08283641 0.1197808 -0.09624018 0.05823789 0.00972374 -1.406354e-04
Longpl -0.7225429 -0.15664596 -0.0485511 -0.09366063 -0.08614185 -0.07867032 -1.569877e-04
AFHIN -0.3841122 -0.29980055 -0.2245277 0.02787263 -0.11073692 -0.10674651 -2.258977e-04
AFHSU -0.3792780 -0.31807655 -0.2532408 0.01311831 -0.11031566 -0.07467430 -4.607442e-04
PHM -0.4820169 -0.51766374 -0.2761378 -0.09116512 0.01303818 0.00396256 3.523803e-05
Maz/m2 -0.4980573 0.09443040 -0.1312239 0.04999522 0.16963305 -0.09871294 -1.945185e-04
PSPL -0.4355000 -0.49035858 0.1720309 0.23927836 0.01964831 -0.02874311 -1.077952e-04
$scores$corr.X.yscores
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7]
H -0.5343481 -0.17344739 0.01700267 -0.264546184 -0.01164391 0.03680866 -5.899303e-04
CE 0.8421412 -0.20405654 0.09809452 -0.014577924 0.02440218 0.03359232 7.891614e-05
Na1 0.7516930 0.04196977 0.10655456 -0.101701858 -0.04007385 -0.06469848 -3.483877e-04
Na2 0.8337098 -0.23115304 -0.07532342 0.020665877 -0.01482744 0.01013036 -2.439689e-04
Al -0.5527877 0.18513058 -0.13025928 -0.341099056 0.01119641 0.04038922 -6.447160e-05
N 0.2939075 -0.30561841 -0.35095653 -0.144592595 0.08276865 -0.07148960 -2.922246e-04
P -0.4450264 -0.11809883 -0.25897415 0.009536409 -0.17273173 -0.00692979 5.451183e-04
$scores$corr.Y.yscores
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7]
DAF 0.9252545 -0.1091247 0.20283741 -0.19325693 0.18651068 0.05406547 -0.12567932
Longpl -0.7925652 -0.2063578 -0.08221664 -0.18807701 -0.27587494 -0.43741891 -0.14029259
AFHIN -0.4213369 -0.3949428 -0.38021623 0.05597017 -0.35464229 -0.59352677 -0.20187419
AFHSU -0.4160342 -0.4190187 -0.42883917 0.02634246 -0.35329317 -0.41520043 -0.41174555
PHM -0.5287296 -0.6819453 -0.46761298 -0.18306585 0.04175561 0.02203243 0.03149058
Maz/m2 -0.5463245 0.1243981 -0.22221508 0.10039386 0.54326101 -0.54885892 -0.17383207
PSPL -0.4777047 -0.6459748 0.29131787 0.48048747 0.06292500 -0.15981604 -0.09633157
A manera de ilustración se solicita una salida gráfica de las correlaciones entre variables de suelo,
entre variables de planta y entre variables de suelo y variables de planta. Los colores rojo oscuro
indican una correlación positiva fuerte, un color azul oscuro indica correlación negativa fuerte y
colores claros indican correlaciones débiles.
img.matcor(correlaciones, type = 2)
$Xcor
H CE Na1 Na2 Al N P
H 1.00000000 -0.4615540 -0.2869406 -0.3639218 0.73219284 0.08659885 0.05479367
CE -0.46155396 1.0000000 0.6835849 0.8956650 -0.60159221 0.24386721 -0.49859473
Na1 -0.28694056 0.6835849 1.0000000 0.7594306 -0.45385097 0.38590094 -0.56095823
Na2 -0.36392178 0.8956650 0.7594306 1.0000000 -0.60556352 0.50314230 -0.42442325
Al 0.73219284 -0.6015922 -0.4538510 -0.6055635 1.00000000 -0.02841626 0.28511743
N 0.08659885 0.2438672 0.3859009 0.5031423 -0.02841626 1.00000000 -0.09820094
P 0.05479367 -0.4985947 -0.5609582 -0.4244232 0.28511743 -0.09820094 1.00000000
Maz/m2 PSPL
DAF -0.4900427 -0.3900714
Longpl 0.5213118 0.4636560
AFHIN 0.4393567 0.4645130
AFHSU 0.3806343 0.4409346
PHM 0.2946746 0.4649840
Maz/m2 1.0000000 0.3027732
PSPL 0.3027732 1.0000000
$Ycor
DAF Longpl AFHIN AFHSU PHM Maz/m2 PSPL
DAF 1.0000000 -0.7486062 -0.5075470 -0.4678808 -0.4692417 -0.4900427 -0.3900714
Longpl -0.7486062 1.0000000 0.8219481 0.7833515 0.6070789 0.5213118 0.4636560
AFHIN -0.5075470 0.8219481 1.0000000 0.9601511 0.6254082 0.4393567 0.4645130
AFHSU -0.4678808 0.7833515 0.9601511 1.0000000 0.6645599 0.3806343 0.4409346
PHM -0.4692417 0.6070789 0.6254082 0.6645599 1.0000000 0.2946746 0.4649840
Maz/m2 -0.4900427 0.5213118 0.4393567 0.3806343 0.2946746 1.0000000 0.3027732
PSPL -0.3900714 0.4636560 0.4645130 0.4409346 0.4649840 0.3027732 1.0000000
$ycoef
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7]
DAF 0.086019096 -0.092178740 0.090460790 -0.143024383 0.062739888 -0.087558983 -0.062014170
Longpl -0.016751468 -0.000881192 0.035735115 -0.043420402 -0.005261712 -0.008155574 -0.009435130
AFHIN 0.010101105 -0.004582914 -0.007363236 0.007872794 -0.007160121 -0.024298017 0.033275704
AFHSU -0.003725138 0.004210845 -0.005279253 0.003470498 -0.001858324 0.018218788 -0.039857995
PHM -0.001525536 -0.010020984 -0.008052148 -0.007565333 0.006849993 0.005207351 0.008513248
Maz/m2 -0.215115983 0.494057243 -0.440735296 0.119923914 1.773815186 -0.740113449 -0.594399510
PSPL -0.003336482 -0.013810427 0.017507450 0.016646900 0.003690599 0.001061390 -0.003980600
$XYcor
1/H CE Na1 Na2 1/Al
1/H 1.00000000 0.4033315 0.2625357 0.3031182 0.63621761
CE 0.40333151 1.0000000 0.6835849 0.8956650 0.63586586
Na1 0.26253574 0.6835849 1.0000000 0.7594306 0.42452771
Na2 0.30311817 0.8956650 0.7594306 1.0000000 0.62920530
1/Al 0.63621761 0.6358659 0.4245277 0.6292053 1.00000000
N -0.08422413 0.2438672 0.3859009 0.5031423 -0.01683021
1/P 0.11218724 0.4576546 0.5405184 0.3622902 0.21991717
DAF 0.40389201 0.8305346 0.7212669 0.7751589 0.51484526
Longpl -0.53915942 -0.6521033 -0.5546547 -0.6110695 -0.56425414
AFHIN -0.31280564 -0.3409554 -0.3268152 -0.2308895 -0.23454021
AFHSU -0.32163634 -0.3299080 -0.3375259 -0.2160156 -0.23533351
PHM -0.50862979 -0.3475496 -0.4603814 -0.2521379 -0.26049012
Maz/m2 -0.15905918 -0.5139226 -0.4255353 -0.4789912 -0.40228375
PSPL -0.24917221 -0.2527479 -0.3961721 -0.2634899 -0.04455019
$XYcor
H CE Na1 Na2 Al N P DAF Longpl AFHIN AFHSU
H 1.00000000 -0.4615540 -0.2869406 -0.3639218 0.73219284 0.08659885 0.05479367 -0.4210140 0.4948493 0.2547726 0.2697982
CE -0.46155396 1.0000000 0.6835849 0.8956650 -0.60159221 0.24386721 -0.49859473 0.8305346 -0.6521033 -0.3409554 -0.3299080
Na1 -0.28694056 0.6835849 1.0000000 0.7594306 -0.45385097 0.38590094 -0.56095823 0.7212669 -0.5546547 -0.3268152 -0.3375259
Na2 -0.36392178 0.8956650 0.7594306 1.0000000 -0.60556352 0.50314230 -0.42442325 0.7751589 -0.6110695 -0.2308895 -0.2160156
Al 0.73219284 -0.6015922 -0.4538510 -0.6055635 1.00000000 -0.02841626 0.28511743 -0.4878934 0.4540328 0.1622994 0.1785816
N 0.08659885 0.2438672 0.3859009 0.5031423 -0.02841626 1.00000000 -0.09820094 0.2736550 -0.1053470 0.1353510 0.1530405
P 0.05479367 -0.4985947 -0.5609582 -0.4244232 0.28511743 -0.09820094 1.00000000 -0.4859073 0.4471885 0.3984092 0.4096190
DAF -0.42101396 0.8305346 0.7212669 0.7751589 -0.48789335 0.27365498 -0.48590728 1.0000000 -0.7486062 -0.5075470 -0.4678808
Longpl 0.49484934 -0.6521033 -0.5546547 -0.6110695 0.45403277 -0.10534696 0.44718855 -0.7486062 1.0000000 0.8219481 0.7833515
AFHIN 0.25477257 -0.3409554 -0.3268152 -0.2308895 0.16229939 0.13535096 0.39840918 -0.5075470 0.8219481 1.0000000 0.9601511
AFHSU 0.26979825 -0.3299080 -0.3375259 -0.2160156 0.17858163 0.15304050 0.40961904 -0.4678808 0.7833515 0.9601511 1.0000000
PHM 0.44159221 -0.3475496 -0.4603814 -0.2521379 0.29073618 0.24547102 0.42784141 -0.4692417 0.6070789 0.6254082 0.6645599
Maz/m2 0.21358798 -0.5139226 -0.4255353 -0.4789912 0.30365847 -0.05086207 0.19681320 -0.4900427 0.5213118 0.4393567 0.3806343
PSPL 0.23858681 -0.2527479 -0.3961721 -0.2634899 -0.06310520 -0.09803246 0.20820421 -0.3900714 0.4636560 0.4645130 0.4409346
$names
$names$Xnames
[1] "1/H" "CE" "Na1" "Na2" "1/Al" "N" "1/P"
$names$Ynames
[1] "DAF" "Longpl" "AFHIN" "AFHSU" "PHM" "Maz/m2" "PSPL"
$names$ind.names
[1] "1" "2" "3" "4" "5" "6" "7" "8" "9" "10" "11" "12" "13" "14" "15" "16" "17"
"18" "19" "20" "21" "22" "23" "24" "25" "26"
[27] "27" "28" "29" "30" "31" "32"
$xcoef
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7]
1/H -0.145921573 -0.5113575 0.3886893 -0.3117450 -0.22698312 0.06680915 -0.21817665
CE -0.366726256 1.0580039 -1.7579974 0.5364397 -1.20421397 -0.71324273 -1.58340311
Na1 -0.473931604 -0.7792695 -1.6225444 -0.3386625 1.68074853 -2.66742809 -0.09190249
Na2 -0.752239412 -2.2042514 3.5467793 -1.8335326 2.80037453 5.67969130 2.43871977
1/Al 0.004000442 0.8999915 0.2697996 0.9925212 0.05261384 -0.97022822 0.27061925
N 0.419992162 26.8566797 -0.4110951 -11.0263052 -26.41243557 -27.14106059 0.92857750
1/P -0.820677947 -141.6848295 63.9166035 99.8449739 -291.12607607 124.93913663 355.81944413
$ycoef
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7]
DAF -0.0879865891 0.045999038 -0.183546957 -0.051655014 -0.066417505 0.004831948 -0.096612887
Longpl 0.0182684281 -0.008190325 -0.055859784 -0.001237510 0.001722921 0.005619351 -0.008350404
AFHIN -0.0103207148 0.007530863 0.007761500 -0.002147266 0.014514217 -0.039217224 -0.003381001
AFHSU 0.0036894324 -0.006009160 0.007703480 -0.004140056 -0.004493444 0.042828068 -0.003862652
PHM 0.0015389643 0.014585605 -0.002049359 -0.003599113 -0.006024667 -0.004349556 0.009157293
Maz/m2 0.2285752998 -0.459413071 0.461434837 -0.924644093 -1.670595914 -0.195159894 -0.621547958
PSPL 0.0002091496 0.004652054 0.001503613 0.023034287 -0.006231363 0.002733050 -0.014671684
$scores
$scores$xscores
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7]
[1,] 1.203702598 1.33298453 0.56939353 0.619595706 -0.119974166 -0.99120156 -0.9768113
[2,] 1.699927478 -0.37220652 -0.66839376 1.109220825 -0.002650816 1.34781200 0.1264286
[3,] 2.006343281 0.08470403 -0.89151848 -0.097759812 0.659597707 0.25747791 -0.2612594
[4,] 1.409902987 0.53430378 -0.08838924 -0.500687230 -0.579735902 0.39792691 -1.4094200
[5,] 1.087840666 -0.56330545 0.63393127 0.062201460 0.684304942 -1.20603016 -0.9222893
[6,] 0.870294988 1.40002931 -0.99030607 -0.772011566 -2.201773988 -0.24546389 0.9196267
[7,] 0.596001510 -0.23806345 -0.90680110 0.149230470 -0.088966001 -0.15220651 0.7121142
[8,] -0.043229366 0.66154713 -0.30491362 -1.965499160 1.182806679 -0.31619995 2.1521938
[9,] 0.666135296 1.43210403 -0.26432659 -0.129198565 -0.336998073 -0.24505355 1.0399049
[10,] 0.642920462 0.89498512 -0.77150885 -0.787669397 0.496162715 -0.09919263 -0.9791987
[11,] 0.093347704 -1.51939882 -1.94667214 1.002724428 1.213551045 -0.28391818 1.1974207
[12,] 0.035758105 -1.34232910 0.60029200 1.437102173 -1.104588779 1.73988953 1.0186401
[13,] 0.235202079 -0.83711140 -0.45756097 -1.514060989 0.692727293 -0.60566123 -0.4538876
[14,] 0.310698628 -0.74828920 0.40581517 -0.125824787 1.873717581 0.24842599 -0.3667459
[15,] 0.365494561 -1.01929678 0.49194493 -1.011210922 0.257630670 -0.75600614 -1.4055482
[16,] 0.935846061 1.01236875 0.24594013 1.759371937 0.109711777 0.83593880 1.1203896
[17,] 0.729421512 0.33035191 0.45881187 0.569390641 0.241976540 -0.07384643 -1.2203569
[18,] 0.125536321 -1.70374223 1.71925745 -0.639900466 -1.939987761 -1.22259341 -0.4394790
[19,] -0.422591558 -0.74878574 0.55608275 0.133524012 -1.099284659 1.42563052 -0.6543613
[20,] -0.788480603 -1.14305766 -0.29153385 -0.002229113 -0.102153336 2.55372467 -1.3498295
[21,] -0.834355321 -1.25573274 -0.45541141 0.709703471 -0.718740835 -1.59414022 0.9429138
[22,] -0.469708515 -0.56586060 0.07788152 0.773366896 -0.551366296 -2.40444828 -0.1362300
[23,] -0.794794181 0.16447143 1.36111734 -1.662724204 2.030520150 0.99821706 0.6590357
[24,] -1.368113743 -0.36444089 -1.25501149 -1.105709109 -0.394412446 -0.23985169 -0.2392827
[25,] -1.974669695 1.67343254 -1.49278748 -0.006377540 -1.449139601 0.15129752 -1.0606183
[26,] -0.823281067 0.65250464 -0.23804127 -1.121548050 -0.200118659 0.38477435 0.8451688
[27,] -1.494251410 0.12052602 -1.69407176 0.348405485 0.280327202 0.45185760 -0.9572925
[28,] -1.069478472 0.71542900 0.24085695 2.353271321 1.337340710 -0.99199298 0.5710255
[29,] -1.657689232 0.62862178 0.71674781 0.881042047 1.177591623 -0.17905576 -1.1177379
[30,] -0.785543950 0.02055095 1.36449171 0.429848928 -0.239634903 -0.25721880 0.7980381
[31,] -0.003554275 -1.09484887 0.77565132 -0.887347893 -0.840597582 0.53354836 1.6484381
[32,] -0.484632848 1.85755450 2.49903233 -0.008240992 -0.267842830 0.53756017 0.1990098
$scores$yscores
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7]
[1,] 1.44532385 1.40504957 0.403693048 -0.2376963545 0.82496686 -0.58524984 -0.02145193
[2,] 1.71610563 0.20749227 -0.401188774 1.5294650507 -1.24027752 0.16432456 0.40756973
[3,] 1.14781769 -0.46062829 0.898040401 -1.0190459970 -0.13893333 0.13099984 0.42486404
[4,] 1.67585291 1.14364526 -1.183033238 -0.1878817657 -0.48704590 -0.05511562 1.72885292
[5,] 1.46883545 -0.16597471 2.250015354 1.2596049247 0.85176361 -0.51828817 -0.06133657
[6,] 1.13666218 -0.45907622 -0.322564621 -0.7859143078 0.26721560 0.20550126 1.47080909
[7,] 0.38730450 0.87621871 -1.091606349 -1.1276049643 -1.18664849 0.15952104 0.55848581
[8,] 0.11091035 0.53091676 -0.023177707 -0.9679932173 0.67899483 1.61018428 -0.79692126
[9,] 0.15107807 1.60641400 -0.595928850 0.8584748598 -0.18301932 -3.30021155 -1.79578210
[10,] -0.42540772 0.54400465 -0.614272830 1.1706763465 1.38820186 1.43362576 0.45582403
[11,] 0.39593858 -1.30589146 -1.340585783 1.1230726995 0.28747143 0.08050575 -0.16635158
[12,] -0.09543114 -0.55719676 1.133468182 -0.3179043342 2.43122461 0.88674919 -1.06368175
[13,] 0.37992523 -0.91608606 -1.131640781 -2.5406875342 0.40428760 -1.63697584 -0.94889371
[14,] 0.74016357 -1.62712418 0.655704947 -1.0678572188 1.01428885 -0.47370193 -0.77857978
[15,] 0.61180181 -0.18034211 -1.039188204 -0.1020884093 1.98677504 0.20082295 -0.78095502
[16,] 1.51638735 0.17905716 -0.938441923 1.1023844237 -0.62361116 0.89568919 -0.74101677
[17,] 0.33876941 -0.04038695 -0.222862977 0.2363140900 -1.60973502 1.84425677 -1.61086526
[18,] 0.11341970 -1.47920964 0.778077907 0.4164734507 -1.65426898 -0.42068626 -0.01836471
[19,] -0.50933379 -1.54467415 1.099635594 -0.0007098935 -1.65890679 -0.72721369 -1.23233527
[20,] -1.22820526 -1.05646926 -0.583034025 0.5773540150 0.67778773 -0.09198558 0.71938966
[21,] -1.11431724 -1.42957906 -1.607068617 -0.1510130783 -0.32198673 0.08908474 0.82225499
[22,] -1.02701400 -0.68357823 1.266237129 -0.1114254733 -0.61448301 -0.02343029 0.20700628
[23,] -1.03638282 -0.51101916 0.357513626 -0.0928980114 -0.28013882 -0.61057080 0.80056342
[24,] -1.04697114 0.46478101 -0.436886110 0.1855601986 -1.00426533 1.70026911 -1.65247346
[25,] -1.65639884 0.78202735 -1.271762900 0.4087439374 0.40409118 -0.31640679 -1.16638882
[26,] -0.59202603 1.32194989 1.389798352 0.2365770338 -0.19069291 -0.50144726 1.01927628
[27,] -1.02762750 0.87580400 -0.220010882 -1.2951328066 -0.83864073 -0.61216928 0.65944298
[28,] -1.51537684 0.80237535 -0.398188821 1.3353047656 1.05344823 -0.92215436 0.61313464
[29,] -1.04605981 0.01500180 0.388724575 0.1720474183 0.30788125 0.56249267 1.59445249
[30,] -0.22403343 -0.05330115 1.213555739 1.7516388862 -0.16587186 -0.17546929 0.17768809
[31,] -0.05964793 -0.52161234 -0.005848838 -0.6199448593 -0.01476725 0.06968795 1.61148300
[32,] -0.73206282 2.23741193 1.592827376 -1.7378938752 -0.36510554 0.93736148 -0.43569947
$scores$corr.X.xscores
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7]
1/H -0.5707919 -0.3909274 0.50883739 0.1024388 -0.22714129 -0.2369377 -0.37977700
CE -0.9394532 0.1453097 -0.19426588 0.1191256 -0.09303054 0.1716192 -0.07921337
Na1 -0.8113652 -0.1424330 -0.27604243 -0.1617690 0.21273281 -0.2800522 0.30878189
Na2 -0.9275346 0.2453755 0.01535168 -0.1110840 0.11634118 0.1656385 0.16100849
1/Al -0.7139470 0.1504232 0.41324150 0.5077895 0.09786909 -0.1706282 -0.01848148
N -0.3230833 0.5016258 0.06961029 -0.7027108 -0.17291824 -0.1615224 0.29891555
1/P -0.4488785 -0.3104421 -0.29045252 0.2436843 -0.42588230 0.0267014 0.61343324
$scores$corr.Y.xscores
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7]
DAF -0.8436032 -0.007962495 -0.17406575 -0.01384243 -0.053701235 0.0118507333 0.0003774069
Longpl 0.7186117 0.165586818 -0.08714592 -0.09583136 0.076716194 -0.0043852234 -0.0165809016
AFHIN 0.3632139 0.324655149 0.10083608 -0.15286501 0.107323077 -0.0056268948 -0.0232371409
AFHSU 0.3588078 0.348235845 0.10859751 -0.16162475 0.095839530 0.0241818757 -0.0213284575
PHM 0.4556556 0.654882317 0.02997070 -0.08762488 -0.008527654 0.0044313370 -0.0008034253
Maz/m2 0.4948512 -0.078090988 0.13537929 -0.16862128 -0.124880136 -0.0253601868 -0.0181239079
PSPL 0.3400262 0.341108930 0.07644659 0.23149238 -0.028729346 -0.0007997821 -0.0235216795
$scores$corr.X.yscores
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7]
1/H -0.5201800 -0.3053798 0.297840013 0.04407238 -0.05969027 -0.025972476 -0.015066490
CE -0.8561523 0.1135112 -0.113710499 0.05125156 -0.02444742 0.018812433 -0.003142548
Na1 -0.7394217 -0.1112641 -0.161577121 -0.06959806 0.05590388 -0.030698574 0.012249976
Na2 -0.8452905 0.1916794 0.008985863 -0.04779179 0.03057320 0.018156846 0.006387519
1/Al -0.6506416 0.1175058 0.241884457 0.21846685 0.02571894 -0.018703801 -0.000733196
N -0.2944357 0.3918538 0.040745293 -0.30232806 -0.04544104 -0.017705654 0.011858560
1/P -0.4090766 -0.2425073 -0.170011841 0.10484059 -0.11191725 0.002926936 0.024336086
$scores$corr.Y.yscores
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7]
DAF -0.9256832 -0.01019307 -0.2973783 -0.03217439 -0.20435103 0.108110044 0.009513196
Longpl 0.7885303 0.21197348 -0.1488823 -0.22274388 0.29193059 -0.040004841 -0.417950365
AFHIN 0.3985535 0.41560242 0.1722709 -0.35530903 0.40839994 -0.051332169 -0.585732411
AFHSU 0.3937187 0.44578889 0.1855307 -0.37566957 0.36470123 0.220602690 -0.537620738
PHM 0.4999895 0.83833777 0.0512027 -0.20366932 -0.03245055 0.040425519 -0.020251728
Maz/m2 0.5429987 -0.09996701 0.2312854 -0.39193182 -0.47521038 -0.231352005 -0.456844511
PSPL 0.3731097 0.43666548 0.1306033 0.53806514 -0.10932470 -0.007296129 -0.592904701
En general al transformar los datos mediante y = 1/x se disminuyen las correlaciones aunque en
particular pueden mejorar algunas. En este caso la transformación permitió superar la no
normalidad de algunas variables, pero al no ser suficiente para alcanzar la normalidad multivariante
no se obtiene ventaja de esas transformaciones y se asumen dos costos: la merma general en las
correlaciones y mayor dificultad en la interpretación de los resultados dado que las variables
transformadas pueden no tener exactamente el mismo significado que las variables sin transformar.
img.matcor(correlacionest, type = 2)
Las gráficas aunque cambian aparentemente porque ahora la dimensión 1 positiva está relacionada
con la longitud de las plantas y el rendimiento y en menor medida con áreas foliares los valores
negativos se asocian con las variables de suelo Sodio y conductividad eléctrica y con la variable de
planta días a antesis femenina, las conclusiones son similares al caso del análisis con variables no
transformadas debiendo realizar un esfuerzo mayor para interpretar el significado de las variables
tranzformadas.
Referencias
Badii, M., Castillo, J., Cortés, K., Wong, A. & Villalpando, P., (2007). Análisis de correlación
canónica (ACC) e investigación científica. InnOvaciOnes de NegOciOs 4(2): 405 – 422, UANL,
San Nicolás, N.L., México, mhbadii@yahoo.com.mx
Marín, G., Pereira, C., Maycotte, C., Restrepo, B., Mauro, F., Calle, A., Velarde, M. (2011).
Edafología 1. Villamaría, Caldas, Colombia. Recuperado de: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1O8-
PzDTqHC_Z0SV_0FZ6gtqivOcd5gZF/view El: 1 de febrero de 2019
Pacheco ,C, Leiva, F. (2006). Manejo sostenible del suelo bajo la concepción de agricultura de
precisión. Informe de proyecto. Informe de proyecto. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad
de Agronomía.