1.

INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION

i) It is required to design a G+5+Roof ordinary moment resisting frame in Chennai

to be used as an office building. It is also required to provide two basement
stories to cater to parking needs. The superstructure is 14m x 30m in plan
dimensions (2 x 7m bays and 5 x 6 m bays) and the basement is 21m x 30m (3 x
7m bays and 5 x 6m bays).
ii) Provision of an elevator, staircase and fire escape is made in the building.
iii) A mat foundation is provided for safely transferring superstructure loads to the
soil below.

The characteristics of the soil at the site are

(a) Safe bearing capacity of the soil is 250 kN/m2.
(b) Undrained shear strength (for total stresses analysis, short term): Cu = 300
kPa;
(c) The unit weight of soil: ϒ = 20 kN/m3;
(d) The proposed depth of foundation for the n storey building should be at least
8m below natural ground level;
(e) Modulus of Sub-grade reaction for the soil is 60,000 kN/m3; and
(f) The maximum height of water table is at 3m below natural ground level.

2. DESIGN LOADS

i) Super-Imposed Loads
Loads acting permanently on the structure are tabulated here. These are taken
from IS: 875 (Part 1) – 1987. Dead loads of concrete elements will be as per the
same standard.

Weight
S.No. Material (kN/m2)
1) Plaster on concrete (1.3 cm) 0.25
Damp Proofing (Fibre based Self finished
2) Grade 1) 0.0215
3) Shingles for foundation filling 13.75
4) Floor (Hard Wood, 22mm) 0.16
5) Light Weight Partitions 1
6) Brick Masonry (Engineering Bricks) 23.55
7) Roof Finish (Mortar Screeding) 0.21
8) Toilet Sunk Load 2
9) MEP services 0.25
10) False Ceiling and Services 1
11) Vinyl Tiles (Bathroom Finish) 1
 ii) Live Loads
Live Loads used for design are as per the provisions of IS: 875 (Part 2) – 1987
and are tabulated below.
Weight Concentrated
S.No. Occupancy Classification (kN/m2) Load (kN)
Business Computing Machine
1) Rooms 3.5 4.5
2) Record Storage Rooms 5 4.5
3) Corridors, lobbies and fire escapes 4 4.5
4) Bathrooms/Toilets 2 -
5) Cafeterias with unrestricted access 4 2.7

iii) Wind Loads

IS: 875 (Part 3) – 1987 is used to calculate the wind loads acting on the structure. The
design assumptions taken from the same are
1) Basic Wind Speed, Vb = 50 km/hr (basic wind speed map)
2) Risk Coefficient, k1 = 1.05 for a design life of 80 years respectively
3) Terrain category, Category 3.
k2 = 0.91 – 0.98 depending on the height of individual storey.
4) Topography factor, k3 = 1.0
5) Importance factor for cyclonic region, k4 = 1.0
6) Wind Directionality Factor kd = 1.0 (cyclone affected region)
7) Area averaging factor ka = 0.8-1.0 (for the entire structure/individual elements)
8) Combination factor, kc = 0.9-1.0
Sample calculation
Design wind speed
Vz = k1 x k2 x k3 x k4 x Vb = 50 x 1.05 x 0.98 x 1 x 1 = 51.45 m/s.
Wind pressure
pz = 0.6 x Vz2 = 0.6 x 51.452 = 1588.26 N/m2.
Design Wind Pressure
Pd = Kd x Ka x Kc x pz = 1 x 1 x 1 x 1588.26 = 1588.26 N/m2
Force coefficient calculation
Along the shorter building span – between 0.8 and 1.2
Along the longer span ~ 1.25
 iv) Earthquake Loads
Zone Factor for seismic zone 3, Z = 0.16
Soil type II
Response Reduction Factor = 3.0
Sa/g = 1.465
Height of building = 19.0 m
Importance Factor = 1.2 (based on occupancy)
Ductile detailing as per IS: 13920 :2016 - NO
Calculation of fundamental natural period
Tlong = 0.075 x h0.75 = Tshort = 0.683 s (Cl. 7.6.2 IS: 1893 (Part 1) : 2016)
Design horizontal Seismic Coefficient
Ah = (Z/2) * (I/R) * (Sa/g)
= 0.047
3. BASIC LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS
The same are in accordance with those given in IS: 875 (Part 5) and are listed below.
DL: Dead Load
IL: Imposed Load
WL: Wind Load
EL: Earthquake Load
1) DL
2) DL+IL
3) DL+WL
4) DL+WL+IL
5) DL+EL+IL
For our case ELx = Ely and WLx ≠ WLy. Their appropriate combinations, not mentioned here,
will be used accordingly and with proper signs.
Load Factors to be used with load combinations

Load
S.No. Combination Load Factors
DL IL EL WL
1 DL+IL 1.5 1.5 0 0
2 DL+EL 1.5 0 1.5 0
3 DL+WL 1.5 0 0 1.5
4 DL+EL 0.9 0 1.5 0
5 DL+WL 0.9 0 0 1.5
6 DL+IL+EL 1.2 1.2 1.2 0
7 DL+IL+WL 1.2 1.2 0 1.2

4) ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHOD

i) The analysis will be carried out on a popular FEM based structural analysis
package CSI ETABS®. All the load combinations and their relative weights
resulting from (3) will be used. Prevailing Indian standards as relevant will be
used for the analysis.
ii) Design will be made using spreadsheet calculations. Although the software
package used has a powerful design application as well, emphasis will be laid on
hand-based design methods as it renders mistakes easy to spot and rectify.
iii) CAD drawings will be made on the same designs.

5) DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS

i) The design life of the structure is assumed as 80 years. This requirement is not
applicable to replaceable materials.
ii) All R.C.C. structures will be designed according to the Limit State method as
specified in IS: 456-2000.
iii) The R.C.C. structure is idealized as 3D space frame and analysed using CSI
ETABS®, software package for both vertical and lateral loads.
iv) Forces and moments from the analysis output for the worst combinations are
used for the design of the structure.
v) Expansion joint/strip are not provided.

6) CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

i) Slab system: A flat slab system with drops and column heads is provided in the
building system.
ii) Lateral load resisting system: An ordinary moment resistant frame is provided
for the structure as the lateral load resisting system. The same is done since
earthquakes are generally not an issue in and around Chennai.
iii) Vehicle management: A basement parking system is provided with two ramps
that lead to the first level and second level basements. The parking should be
adequate for 50-75 people.
iv) Fire Safety: A fire escape is provided keeping in mind the recent spate of fire
accidents in the country.
 v) Accessibility: For accessibility, two elevators (single shaft at the centre of the
plan) are provided to ferry people throughout the eight stories of the building.
vi) Human Traffic management: A separate staircase is also provided to ensure
seamless passage of human traffic.
vii) Foundation system: A mat foundation is provided to safely transmit the
structural loads to the soil layers below.
viii) Masonry Walls: Walls are non-structural.
ix) Grade of Concrete: M30/35 concrete will be used for reinforced concrete cement
applications. Prestressing applications are absent.
x) Grade of Steel: Fe500 will be used as per IS: 1786 (2008)
xi) Cement: OPC 53 will be used.
xii) Aggregates: Mechanically crushed aggregates of nominal dimensions lesser
than or equal to 20mm are used.

Preliminary dimensions of structural units.

xiii) Columns, on a preliminary basis are dimensioned at 300mm x 300mm for the
superstructure and 300mm x 350mm for the basement.
xiv) Slab: The preliminary overall depth of the slab is assumed to be between
200mm-225mm.
xv) Welding: All welding to be done as per IS: 814, IS: 1395, IS: 819.

7) DEFLECTION LIMITS
The deflection limits under serviceability loads of a building or a building component(s) are
as per IS:456(2000).
8) CRACK WIDTH CONSIDERATION
Maximum surface crack width for all structures except water/liquid retaining structures =
0.3mm. Water retaining structures = 0.2 mm. (as per IS 456-2000 Cl. 35.3.2)

9) REINFORCEMENT COVER
The minimum clear cover to main reinforcement shall be as follows (as per IS 456:2000)
a) Footings = bottom =70mm, sides = 70mm,
b) Retaining wall = 40mm,
c) Mat Slab = 40mm,
d) Plinth beams = Bottom = 50mm, sides = 40mm
e) Floor beams = Bottom/side = 40mm,
f) Floor slabs = 25mm.

10) FIRE RATING & EXPOSURE CONDITION -

Fire rating consideration –
All external exposed structural members should design with consideration of 2 hours Fire
rating and all internal members design for 1.5 hours Fire Rating.
Exposure Condition –
All external exposed structural members should design with consideration of Moderate
exposure and all internal members design with Mild exposure condition.
 11) Codes and standards used in the exercise

S.No. Code Description

1 IS 875(Part 1): 1987
2 IS 875(Part 2): 1987
3 IS 875(Part 3): 2015
4 IS 875(Part 5): 1987
5 IS 456: 2000
Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for
Building and Structures-Unit Weights of Buildings Materials and
Stored Material.
Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for
Building and Structures-Imposed loads
Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for
Buildings and Structures –Wind Load.
Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for
Buildings and Structures - Special Loads and Load Combinations
Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete

IS 2974(Part 1):
6 1981 Code of practice for Design and Construction of Machine
Foundation
IS 1893(Part 1):
7 2016 Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of
Structures
8 IS 432(Part 1): 1982 Specification of Mild Steel and Medium Tensile Steel bars and
Hard drawn Steel Wire for concrete reinforcement –Mild Steel
and Medium Tensile Steel Bars
9 IS 432(Part 2): 1982 Specification of Mild Steel and Medium Tensile Steel bars and
Hard drawn Steel Wire for concrete reinforcement –Hard drawn
Steel Wire
10 IS 1786 :1985 Specification for High Strength Deformed Steel Bars and Wires
for Concrete Reinforcement
11 IS 1904 :1986 Indian Standard Code of practice for Design & Construction of foundations
in soil - General requirements
12 IS:1642-1989 Indian Standard Code of practice for Fire Safety of Buildings (General)
Details of Construction
13 IS 2062 :1999 Specification of Steel for general structural purposes
14 SP 6 Handbook for structural engineering