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PRINTING INDUSTRIAL COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN TAMIL NADU

Thesis · October 2018

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.33910.04169

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 PRINTING INDUSTRIAL COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN

TAMIL NADU

Dr. E. Bhaskaran. B.E, M.I.E, M.B.A, Ph.D., C.E.,

Deputy Director of Industries and Commerce (Technical) (EDP),
Department of Industries and Commerce,
Government of Tamil Nadu, Guindy, Chennai-32, India.
E-mail: e.bhaskaran19@gmail.com

11.1 INTRODUCTION

Sivakasi, in Virudhunagar District of Tamil Nadu, renowned the world over for its
printing, Litho Presses, offset printing machines of which is the second largest number in the
world, next to Guthenburg, a city in Germany. Around 450 printing presses including offset
& flexo types are located in and around Sivakasi.

The whole printing industry is Sivakasi is salutes to founder respected Sri. S.

Kaliappa Nadar. In 1937 he established "Sivakasi Industrial Printing Works", thus paved
way for the offset printing Technology in Sivakasi.

More than 50,000 workers are engaged in printing and allied industries. The town has
a school of printing technology that produces every year of about 150 candidates were placed
in India and in other Gulf countries.

Security jobs like printing bank Cheque books, flight tickets and lottery tickets were
undertaken by the leading presses in Sivakasi. Most of the leading presses are successfully
competing with the international bidders, especially in Asia in the export quality printing of
Children's books, notebooks, magazines, greeting cards, calendars, trade labels and cartons.

11.2. LITERATURE SURVEY

The most complex and variegated part of the entire production process is finishing
and binding. Sivakasi is most proud to achieve outstanding results, which have amazed many
of its international customers.

Step-by-step, which follows after printing.

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Knurling - Embossing the paper surface.

Lamination - Hot lamination with Bopp, Polyester etc. in various thickness

Aqua Varnish - Specialized water based vanishing, involving spot & flood varnishing.

Folding Machines - Perforated folding for thicker paper, folding from 4,8,12,16,24 & 32
printing pages.

Then Cutters, Tipping, Edge Gilding, Corner rounding & edge gilding, Creasing and
Punching, Case making, Compact line, Perfect binding, Foil press, Index cutting, Wire-o-
Wire binding, Shrink Wrapping etc.,

Arrival of computers has complemented the printing business and has played a vital
role in increasing its status as a clean profession.

The Sivakasi Institute of Printing Technology was founded in the year 1977. It is
intended for training students in printing processes, with a special emphasis on offset
printing.

The manufacturing process of printing is shown in fig.11.1

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 Figure 11.1: The Manufacturing Process of Printing

Digital Printing Fully Automated index cutting

Saddle Stitcher UV drier - spot & flood varnishing

Source: District Industries Centre, Virudhunagar.
The Printing and Stationery Societies have been organised by the Department of
Industries and Commerce, Government of Tamil Nadu for providing employment to the
Small Scale Printing units by way of securing orders from Government Departments, State
Public Sector Undertakings, Corporations, Local Bodies, and Cooperative Institutions etc.
Apart from Service type Societies, the Department has also organised worker-type Printing
Societies to provide employment to the worker-members. At present there are 28 Printing
Service Cooperative Societies and 3 Printing Workers’ Societies functioning in the State.
To help the small printers, the printers service ICS have been formed. The society
procures orders for printing from Government, Quasi-Government Institutions, Local Bodies
and other Cooperative Societies and distributes the orders to the members. It also supplies
paper and other raw materials to the members. The performance details of the printing
Societies are given below. For the year 2013-14(up to 30.12.13) there are 30 printing
Industrial Cooperative Societies with 1911 members with sales turnover of Rs.2385.76 lakhs.
These societies are in Chennai, Coimbatore, Erode, Dharmapuri and Namakkal Districts.
Hence there is need for the study on the performance of Printing Industrial
Cooperative Societies for the benefit of Government, Members and Workers.

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11.3. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objective is
1. To Study the Physical and Financial Performance of Printing Industrial
Cooperative Societies in Tamil Nadu.
2. To Study the Compound Annual Growth Rate and Descriptive Analysis of
Printing Industrial Cooperative Societies in Tamil Nadu.
3. To Study the Correlation Analysis, Regression and Trend Analysis of Printing
Industrial Cooperative Societies in Tamil Nadu.

11. 4. METHODOLOGY
The methodology of the study is collection of the secondary data from Department of
Industries and Commerce, Government of Tamil Nadu website [1]. The data were analysed
using Statistical Analysis software like SPSS.

11.5. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

11.5.1 PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE
The Physical Performance like no. of societies of the Printing Industrial Cooperative
Societies is given in the figure 11.2.

Figure 11.2: No. of Societies

32

31

30

29
2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

No. of Societies

Figure 1 shows the no. of Societies increased from 2005-06 to 2008-09 and becomes
constant from 2009-10 to 2012-13. For the year 2013-14(up to 30.12.13) there are 30 printing

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Industrial Cooperative Societies in Chennai, Coimbatore, Erode, Dharmapuri and Namakkal
Districts. The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of no. of Societies is 0.4%.
The Physical Performance like no. of members of the Printing Industrial Cooperative
Societies is given in the Figure 11.3.

Figure 11.3 : No. of Members

1900
1850
1800
1750
1700
1650
1600
2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13
No. of Members

Source: Department of Industries and Commerce, Government of Tamil Nadu

Figure 11.3 shows the no. of members decreased from 2005-06 to 2011-12 and
increases from 2011-12 to 2012-13. For the year 2013-14(up to 30.12.13) there are 1911
members in printing Industrial Cooperative Societies. The Compound Annual Growth Rate
(CAGR) of no. of members is -0.5%.

11.5.2 FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

The Financial Performance like Sales is given in the Figure 11.4.

Figure 11.4: Sales(Rs. In lakhs)

3000
2000
1000
0
2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

Sales(Rs. In lakhs)

Source: Department of Industries and Commerce, Government of Tamil Nadu

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 Figure 11.4 shows the Sales increased from 2005-06 to 2012-13. For the year 2013-
14(up to 30.12.13) the sales turnover is Rs.2385.76 lakhs. The Compound Annual Growth
Rate (CAGR) of Sales is 15.29 %.

11.5.3 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

The Descriptive Statistics is given in table 11.1.

Table 11.1: Descriptive Statistics

Description No. of No. of Members Sales(Rs. In lakhs)

Societies
Mean 31.13 1774.38 1836.38
Standard Error 0.23 18.54 248.57
Median 31 1768 1888.41
Mode 31 #N/A #N/A
Standard Deviation 0.64 52.45 703.07
Sample Variance 0.41 2750.55 494310.81
Kurtosis 0.74 -0.75 -1.71
Skewness -0.07 0.65 0.01
Range 2 148 1737.24
Minimum 30 1711 975.79
Maximum 32 1859 2713.03
Sum 249 14195 14691.06
Count 8 8 8
Largest(1) 32 1859 2713.03
Smallest(1) 30 1711 975.79
Confidence Level(95.0%) 0.54 43.85 587.78
Source: Computed Data
As per the table 11.1 the skewness and kurtosis is between + or – 1.

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11.5.4 CORRELATION ANALYSIS
The Correlation Analysis is given in table 11.2.
Table 11.2: Correlation Analysis
Variables No. of Societies No. of Members Sales (Rs. In lakhs)
No. of Societies 1
No. of Members -0.16 1
Sales(Rs. In lakhs) 0.09 -0.73 1

Source: Computed Data

Table 2 reveals that the relationship between no. of societies, members and the sales
turnover needs further improvement.

11.5.5 REGRESSION ANALYSIS

The Regression Analysis is given in equation 1.
S = 20305.3 -33.8404 NS -9.81508 NM, p>0.05. R2 = 0.529829……..(1)
Equation 1 states that for one percent increase in No. of Societies (NS) and No. of
members (NM) the Sales(S) decreases, which needs further improvement.

11.5.6 TREND ANALYSIS

The Trend Analysis for Sales (S), is shown in equation 2.
S = 607.54+ 273.08 T, p<0.05. R2 = 0.905…………….(2)
Equation (2) reveals that the average annual increase in sales is Rs.273.07 lakhs.
The Trend Analysis for No. of members (NM), is shown in equation 3.
NM = 1840.10 -14.60 T, p>0.05. R2 = 0.465 …………………...(3)
Equation (3) reveals that the average annual decrease in No. of members is 14 needs
improvement.
The Trend Analysis for No. of Societies (NS), is shown in equation (4).
NS = 30.96 +0.036 T, p>0.05. R 2 = 0. 01 …………………...(4)
Equation (4) reveals that the average annual increase in No. of societies is one.

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11.6 SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTH: There is more Strength for the Printing Industrial Cooperative Societies to get
orders from other sources including Government Departments. Favourable climatic
condition, Cheap labour, Less interference of trade union, Enterprising and work conscious
people, Entrepreneurship and strong manufacturing association are the Strengths.

WEAKNESS: Weaknesses are lack of latest technology in printing.

OPPORTUNITY: Opportunities are plenty where they can go in for domestic, national and
international market by printing books etc. Opportunities are Development of ancillary
industries and Market potential.

THREATS: Threats is online where the books are digitalised and made available via online
without printing. It is threat for the printing industry.

11.7. CONCLUSION:
The performance of Printing Industrial Cooperative Societies in Tamil Nadu is
studied. It is found that there is growth in no. of societies and the growth in no. of member’s
needs improvement. There is growth in Sales for one decade. These societies can adopt
cluster approach by getting fund under Micro, Small Enterprises Cluster Development
Programme, where the infrastructure interrelationships, technology interrelationships,
procurement interrelationships, production interrelationships and marketing interrelationships
can be adopted. Due to this the cost of the production will be reduced and profitability will be
increased thereby quality printing can be made to compete in the global market.

REFERENCES
1. Website of Department of Industries and Commerce, Government of Tamil Nadu.
2. Policy Note of various years of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Department,
Government of Tamil Nadu.
3. Performance Budget of various years of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Department, Government of Tamil Nadu.
4. Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) Package
5. Website of District Industries Centre, Virudhunagar.
6. Website of Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion.

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 7. Bhaskaran, E.,(2011) "The Technical Efficiency of Chennai Auto Industry Cluster,"
SAE Technical Paper 2011-28-0100, 2011, https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-28-0100.

8. Bhaskaran,E, (2012), “Technical Efficiency of Automotive Industry Cluster in

Chennai”- Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, Springer, Volume
93, Issue 3, pp 243-49, July 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-012-0029-x

9. Bhaskaran,E, (2012), “Lean Manufacturing Auto Cluster at Chennai”, Journal of the

Institution of Engineers (India): Series C Springer India, Volume 93, Issue 4, pp 383-
390, October 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-012-0035-z

10. Bhaskaran,E, (2013) “Sustainable Development in Indian Automotive Component

Clusters” Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series C Springer, Volume
94, Issue 1, pp 81-84, January 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-012-0039-8

11. Bhaskaran,E,, (2013) “The Productivity and Technical Efficiency of Textile Industry
Clusters” Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, Springer, Volume
94, Issue 3, pp 245-251, July 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-013-0073-1

12. Bhaskaran,E, (2014) “The Productivity Analysis of Chennai Automotive Industry

Cluster “Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, Springer, Volume
95, Issue 3, pp 239-249, July 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-014-0120-6

13. Bhaskaran,E,.(2016) “The Quantitative Analysis of Chennai Automotive Industry

Cluster” Journal of Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, Springer, Volume
97, Issue 3, pp 357–373,July 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-016-0255-8

14. Bhaskaran,E.(2017), " Study of CNSL Processing Plants Located in Cuddalore

District of Tamil Nadu, India", Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series
A, Springer, Volume 98, Issue 1–2, pp. 115–120, June 2017
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-017-0191-5

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