Notre Dame of Parang, Inc.

Parang, Maguindanao
S.Y. 2017-2018

THE NATURE AND IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH

What is Research?
 Coined from two words, re means “again” and search means “to look for something”
 Suggests an action that denotes “to look for something again”
 Search for new ideas, improve certain processes, create something useful out of something old, explain a
series of observations, or look at something in different perspective using a new investigative lens
 A systematic and organized process of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data to find
answers to people’s queries
 An organized method of finding novel or relatively new ideas from the existing body of knowledge with
the help of useful tools for the purpose of improving the quality of life

AIMS OF RESEARCH
 Verification of Existing knowledge
 Aimed at verifying or proving the veracity of existing theories or knowledge
 Lead to the development of new ideas, strengthening a current knowledge, or debunking a theory
 Acquisition of New Knowledge
 Brings forth new ideas regarding a theory or even create a totally new theory
 Application of New Knowledge
 New ideas and innovations are then utilized and translated to something useful to humankind
 Advancement of the Researcher’s Expertise
 Conduct more investigations
 Gain relevant experiences that enhance and deepen their knowledge and skills in the area of their
investigations

FUNCTIONS OF RESEARCH
 Exploration
 The purpose is to provide a foundation for future studies
 Seeks to find more information about a topic and a broader perspective or an additional
knowledge to what is currently known
 Description
 The purpose is to give additional information on newly discovered ideas that are results of
exploration
 Fills in the details and gaps regarding a particular idea, with the intent to expand understanding
 Information is needed to be supplied in order to answer the ‘what’ and ‘how’ questions instead of
formulating unsure explanations.
 Explanation
 Aims to explain relationships existing between variables, quantitatively or qualitatively

Characteristics of Research
 Realistic
 This must result to empirical data – derived from actual observations of a phenomenon,
interviews of people who have witnessed an incident, analysis of first-hand document sources,
excavation of artifacts, and other actions that yield valid evidence of one’s investigations
 Logical
 Research follows valid, definite principles, frameworks, and procedures
 Cyclical
 It starts with a problem and ends with another
 New questions may refine the answers generated, fine-tune the research methods, or modify the
answered research question
 Analytical
 The latter must be analyzed to elicit the desired meaning from the obtained information
 Proper analysis of data should be done before making final conclusions
 Objective
 Defined as the lack of bias or prejudice
 Analysis and interpretation of data, and drawing out implications from research data must be free
of bias and alteration to favor a certain hypothesis, a personality, or an organization
 Critical
  It is when the researcher is careful and precise in processing ideas and judgment
 Replicable
 Research must be written clearly and chronologically
 Researchers can redo or repeat the investigation with the intent of verifying the generated
information
 It is only through this process of replication that a particular research can claim verifiability of
valid and reliable or consistent results

TYPES OF RESEARCH

 Basic or Pure Research

 Aims to come up with a new knowledge or contribute to the existing body of knowledge
 An explanation is introduced about an existing (or new) idea
 Applied Research
 Aim is to find applications for the theories or create a product employing the existing idea or
theory

 Qualitative Research
 Employs qualitative methods and deals with the characteristics observed from the respondents
with minimal to no use of statistical analysis
 Quantitative Research
 Uses quantitative procedures where the respondents’ traits are translated numerically
 Focuses on the analysis and interpretation of the raw numerical data gathered based on statistical
outcomes

Qualitative Research Quantitative Research

Objective/purpose Understands underlying reasons
Gains insights in the prevailing trends
Is interpretative and contextualized
Hypotheses Hypotheses may emerge as the study
progresses.
Sample Comes in small numbers. The
respondents (usually referred to as
subjects) are identified using
nonprobability sampling.
Data Collection Unstructured (free in form) procedures
Data Analysis Data is analyzed inductively.
Minimal to no use of statistical test
Outcome Inconclusive and needs further study
before recommending a course of action
Generalization Findings are particularly in-depth about a
certain phenomenon
Expresses data in terms of numerical
values as gathered from the respondents
Draws out exact ideas from samples
Hypotheses are significantly stated at the
outset and tested.
Comes in large numbers. The respondents
are selected to represent the population of
interest using probability sampling.
Structured procedures
Data is analyzed deductively.
Requires the use of statistical tests.
Findings are conclusive, usually
descriptive in nature, and are used to
recommend a final course of action.
Findings are generalizable to all situations.