CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, there are too many garbage that have been generated every

day. According to Temilech (2010), there were 12.3 kilogram of garbage being generated

everyday by just only one person. In fact, there are 3,500 landfills which are filled with

garbage. Forty percent of the garbage was burned everyday & these forty percent is the

most common reason of the rapidly multiplying production of toxic particles in air as

shared by Censer (2011). The said kind of garbage can contribute in the food

contamination, soil and water pollution.

There’s actually a law to follow on proper waste management, but many people

are not concerned with this and just let the garbage to travel anywhere. The researchers’

observation at Bagong Silang Phase 1 marketplace leads to the rise of this investigatory

project titled: “Waste Latundan Banana (M. sapientum) Peels: A Suggested Fertilizer

Based on Its Corollary in Bagong Silang Community”.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This investigatory project seeks on “Waste Peels of Latundan Banana (M.

sapientum): A Suggested Fertilizer Based on Its Corollary among Tomato (L.

esculentum)” plants that answers the specific questions that follow:

1
 1. What kind of fruit is frequently purchase at Phase 1, Bagong Silang Marketplace

which can be reused in making fertilizer?

2. What kind of plant is a suggestive subject to use in investigating the effects of the

revealed fertilizer mentioned in question number 1?

3. What are the observed changes in terms of height (cm) increment to the kind of

plant mentioned in question number 2 treated with:

a) Fertilizer revealed in question number 1 and

b) Inexpensive chemical fertilizer?

4. What is the difference between the observations revealed in question number 3?

HYPOTHESIS

In the attempt to answer the problem, this investigatory project presents the hypothesis

below:

If L. esculentum (tomato) plants are treated with M. sapientum (Latundan

Banana) peel fertilizer, then they will grow taller than plants treated

with inexpensive chemical fertilizer.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study signifies the researcher's methodical process during the construction of

the project to lessen the problem regarding the waste disposal through the utilization of

2
the banana peels, to be turned into an organic fertilizer. The outcome of this Investigatory

project will be a great help to the following:

Bagong Silang Community - Apparently, the Bagong Silang Community will use this

idea, encouraging people to have a fertilizer made up of banana peels that can lessen

the waste materials of the environment, than buying chemical fertilizer that some people

can't afford.

Future Student Researches - Future student researches can utilize this study especially

in enhancing the study, focusing on the chemical studies and observations, and

presenting it efficiently and with improvement.

Teachers –Together with the school officers, may conduct activities related to botany

like Gardening program, which includes the use of fertilizer, like in this study, for the

growth of plants. Also, teachers may recommend using this kind of fertilizer to their

students and applying it in their houses respectively.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

a. Inexpensive Chemical Fertilizer- a substance applied to soils or directly onto

plants to provide nutrients optimal for their growth and development. It is

composed of raw chemicals that have been manufactured at a factory into liquid

or solid forms that specifically target plants’ nutritional needs. This is the kind of

fertilizer used in the Setup B.

3
 b. M. sapientum (Latundan Banana) Peel Fertilizer- was stated that M. sapientum

is actually a hybrid cultivar of the wild seeded bananas M. balbisiana (seeded

bananas) and M. acuminate (commonly known as saging matsing). M. sapientum

(Latundan Banana) peels were used as organic fertilizer in the Setup A.-

c. Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) plants- Since the researchers only have

limited time, Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) plants are kinds of plants that

were used in both experimental setups for they are fast-growing plants and needed

to satisfy with the allotted time.

d. Treated- In accordance with the dictionary, the word ‘treated’ means “to expose to

some action (as of a chemical)” which was suitable to use as a term for applying

two different kinds of fertilizer in two different setups performed by the researchers.

e. Corollary- In accordance with the dictionary, the word ‘corollary’ describes “a

result that is the natural consequence of something else” which was an appropriate

term for the outcome gathered in the community of Bagong Silang – and became

a basis for creating this study.

f. Community- With regards to its definition, community is defined as a group of

people who live in the same area or have the same interests, religion, race, etc.,

which refers to the Bagong Silang where the survey was conducted and the results

became the basis of the whole study.

Scope and Limitation

4
 The kind of plant that was used in the investigation was the L. esculentum

(Tomato) plant as based from the Survey conducted by the researchers. The researchers

used 24 pieces of L. esculentum plants as the subjects, 12 from these 24 tomato plants

were designated as Setup A, where the M. sapientum (Latundan banana) peel Fertilizers

are applied and the remaining 12 tomato plants designated as Setup B, where

Inexpensive Chemical fertilizers were applied. In 14 days of Experimentation and

Observation, the researchers only focused on the physical effects of these fertilizers

among the subjected tomato plants, specifically height (cm) increment changes.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES

Fruits were included in every man’s daily meal. Together with the ingredients that

are needed for cooking a certain meal, they were bought in the market to be served either

appetizers or desserts. According to Indian Institute of Management, it was really

observed on the buying behavior of fruit consumers that their preferences clearly indicate

their priority for cleanliness/freshness of food products followed by price, quality, variety,

packaging, and non-seasonal availability.

In this study, the researchers conducted a survey and came up with a result that

bananas are the most frequently purchased fruits by the consumers. Different varieties of

banana were eaten, sweetened, or included in Pinoy merienda such as turon, maruya,

and bananaque. After the fruit had consumed, where would their peels be placed? Would

it just be put in the trash bin? Well, that’s a no. Amazingly, their peels can be productive

5
in many ways like being a natural polisher of leather and silver (Ag), a reliever of rashes

and itches, and a fertilizer of some plants. Aside from beans and radishes, bananas,

specifically to their peels, are suitable to be an organic fertilizer for this study. Since they

were the most frequently purchased fruits in community, they contain elements like

potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and sodium (Na) that made them to be used as a good

fertilizer.

Due to insufficient allotted time, the researchers only used tomato plants. By

relying on their characteristics, they are fast-growing plants and can grow successfully by

needing some elements like calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) which can be found also in

the banana peels. Now that some of the variables were completely justified, let’s proceed

for further elaboration of other variables.

According to the journal created by Rosie Lerner (2014), the size of holes must be

considered for it is needed to make an adequate drainage of water in the plant pots. Each

pot must have three or four small holes, having a ¼ inch diameter in the bottom of the

plant pots.

All the above reviewed literature were all summarized and presented below:

6
 TOPIC MAIN CONCEPT REFERENCE YEAR

To grow succesfully,
Nutrient requirements for Reference An IAC Publishing
tomatoes
Labs Company

the growth and 2010

need N, P, K, Ca & Mg
development

of tomato plants

Chemical composition of Latundan Banana peels B.A. Anhwange , Department

banana peels that make

contain K, Ca, Na, Fe, Mn, of Chemistry, Benue State
them
2008
a good fertilizer Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, University Medwells Journals,

Hydrogen Cyanide, Phytate

Oxalate And Saponins

The preferences of
Buying behaviour Jabi Ali and Sanjeev Kapoor
consumers

of fruit consumers clearly indicate their priority center for food and agri-

for cleanliness/ freshness business management,

2010
of food products Indian institute of

followed by price, quality, Management.

variety, packaging, and

non-seasonal availability.

7
 10 ways in making
*Fertilize tomato plants Johnathan Davis et al, IBT
banana
Media Inc

peels productive *Feed in-door plants

*Used to decompose

*Relieve rashes and itches

2013
*Feed animals

*Make banana vinegar

*Polish leather and Ag

*Attract butterflies and birds

*Peels are safe and edible

*Tenderize meat

Size of holes (in

three or four small (1/4 inch) Container and Raise Bed
diameter)

needed to make an
holes in the bottom of the Gardening by Rosie
adequate 2014

drainage of water in the

container. Lerner
plant

pots

Size of Latundan
Chop the banana peels with Maat van Uitert 2015
Banana peel

8
 needed in making
the measure of 1/4 inch then
banana

peel fertilizer add directly to the garden's

Soil

Kerry Michaels
Amount of soil needed in There were no exact Container Gardening Expert

2010
growing tomato plants amount of soil

A plant that is suitable in beans,radishes,cabbage,peas Samve, Belgium

in being the subject of

lettuce,tomato
an 2014

Experiment

Number of grains of the

25 grains are enough in recommended by the store in
Inexpensive Chemical 2016
growing plants Fairvew Terraces
Fertilizer

9
 In addition, as stated at Kerry Michaels Container Gardening Expert (2015), there

were no exact amounts of soil suggested in most of the available literatures. Furthermore,

specifically, the bananas that the researchers used were the Latundan (M.sapientum)

bananas, for they are more affordable than the other varieties of bananas like the Lakatan

(M.acuminata) banana, and the Saba (M.sapientum x M.acuminata) bananas, and the

researchers are always based on their conducted survey.

Moreover, from Samve, Belgium (2015), the size of Latundan (M. sapientum) banana

peels needed in making banana peel fertilizer must be ¼ inch and directly added to the

first twelve (12) soil-containing plant pots.

Lastly, as recommended by the store in Fairview Terraces (2016), the number of grains

of the inexpensive chemical fertilizer is essential in the growing tomato plants, by having

25 grains for each of the 12 remaining soil-containing plant pots before placing the tomato

seeds.

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

Questionnaire with an aim of selecting the kind of material that can be reused in

making fertilizer and choosing right subjects was constructed and administered among

the available vendors at Phase 1, Bagong Silang Community. The survey results were

10
important evidence on kind of fruit usually purchased, that commonly becomes one of the

waste products in Bagong Silang Community. The results were all verified by the

researcher’s math teacher. Before performing the survey, the researchers sent a letter of

request to conduct a survey directly to the MAO (Market Admission Office), sector of the

Barker concerning all the market's activities including the area admissions. Fortunately,

the researchers' request was granted without undergoing a long process.

After the survey was conducted, the researchers anticipated the experimentation

phase of the study and listed all materials below:

 24 pcs.o f 1.5L plastic bottle

 Marker

 24 L. esculentum (tomato)seeds

 60pcs. M.sapientum (Latundan banana)peels

 Ruler

 6500 grams of loam soil

 Knife and scissors

 600 grains of Inexpensive chemical fertilizer

 Weighing scale

 soldering iron of electric drill

 10.080L water

The researchers conducted the experimentation properly as guided by the

following:

11
a. Improvising Plant Pots

 The 24 pcs. of 1.5L plastic bottles were precisely cut at 5 ½ inches above the

base of the bottle.

 The base of each bottle was fabricated with 5 holes, having 1.4 inch diameter.

b. Tomato (L. esculentum) seeds planting and equating two set-ups

 The 6,500g of loam soil was distributed among 24 plant pots with the ratio of

250g. of soil per pot.

 Ten (10) pcs. of ¼ inch Latundan banana (M. sapientum) peels were buried in

the soil among the 12 plant pots while 25 grains of Inexpensive Chemical

Fertilizer were buried for each of the remaining plant pots.

 The tomato (L. esculentum) seeds were planted 1 inch from the base of each

bottle.

 Two set-ups were safely located at the veranda of one of the researcher’s

house.For the two set-ups the ff. were retained and controlled:

- 5 ½ inch of plastic bottle

- 10 ml. of water, sprinkled to all pots twice a day

- 250 g of loam soil for each of the 24 pots

- 5 holes with the size of ¼ inch diameter for all the 24 pots

- An area in the veranda where all of the 24 pots were placed

- One tomato (L. esculentum) seed for each of the pots

12
 Experimental Set-Ups

1. Twelve (12) tomato plants as subjects for the treatment of the Latundan

banana (M. sapientum)peel fertilizer

2. Twelve (12) tomato plants as subjects for the treatment of Inexpensive

Chemical Fertilizer

c. Observing the two set-ups in 14 days

d. Measuring and Recording the Height (cm) increment changes among the

tomato (L. esculentum) plants.

 Height (cm) increment changes among the tomato (L. esculentum) plants

were measured and recorded. The summary of the 14-day observation was

presented in chapter 4 of this study.

CHAPTER 4

RESULTS

This part of the investigation presents the data gathered before and after the

experimentation. Data are properly tabulated and analyzed as it aid in answering the

specific questions stated in chapter 1.

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 Table 1

FREQUENTLY PURCHASED FRUIT IN BAGONG SILANG

PHASE 1 MARKETPLACE WHICH CAN BE REUSED IN MAKING

FERTILIZER

FRUIT TALLY RESULTS TOTAL

Avocado III 3
Dalandan III 3
Durian II 2
Mais I 1
Mangga IIIII-III 8
IIIII-III
Mansanas 9
I
Melon I 1
Orange II 2
Watermelon I 1
Pineapple IIII 4
Rambutan II 2
Banana IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-III 18
Santol II 2
Grapes IIII 4

Based on the survey conducted by the researchers among the 20 available

vendors at Phase 1 Bagong Silang marketplace, the frequently purchased fruits

are Latundan banana, apple, and mango. Among these choices, the most

frequently purchased is the Latundan banana based from the survey conducted

among the available 20 vendors. According to the Institute of Food Management

(2010), the preference of the consumers in purchasing fruits are affordability,

14
 availability and freshness that can be the same reason why Latundan banana is

the most frequently purchased fruit in Phase 1 Bagong Silang marketplace.

Table 2

FREQUENTLY PURCHASED COOKING INGREDENTS IN

BAGONG SILANG PHASE 1 MARKETPLACE WHICH CAN BE USE AS

SUBJECT FOR THE TREATMENT OF FERTILIZER

INGREDIENTS TALLY RESULTS TOTAL

Garlic IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-III 18

Calamansi IIIII 5

Tomato IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-III 18

Ginger I 1

Onion IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-II 17

Chili I 1

According to the survey conducted by the researchers among the 20 available

vendors conducted last August, 2016 at Phase 1 Bagong Silang marketplace, garlic and

tomato are the most frequently purchased by the consumers. L.esculentum has a

germination period of 2 weeks which was a shorter period of germination as compared

with garlic. With this logical reason, the researchers have chosen tomato over garlic.

Other scientific basis were considered by the researchers in selecting tomato like the

essential nutrients needed by the tomatoes in order to grow such as nitrogen,

phosphorus, potassium potash calcium and magnesium which made Banana peels

(M.sapientum) a suitable fertilizer among the L.esculentum (tomato plants).

15
 Table 3

HEIGHT (CM) INCREMENT MEASUREMENTS OF TOMATO PLANTS

(L .esculentum)

GROUP A GROUP B
25 grains of
10 pcs. of 1/4 inch Latundan
inexpensive
Banana (M. sapientum) Peel chemical fertilizer
1 2.3 cm 6.1 cm
2 5.5 cm 3.8 cm
3 4.5 cm 4.5 cm
4 4.0 cm 2.5 cm
5 5.4 cm 2.3 cm
6 3.7 cm 4.8 cm
7 1.4 cm 4.0 cm
8 2.5 cm 2.0 cm
9 5.3 cm 5.9 cm
10 5.8 cm 5.3 cm
11 5.9 cm 4.0 cm
12 4.2 cm 2.9 cm
TOTAL 51.0 cm 44.1 cm
MEAN 4.25 cm 4.09 cm

Within 14 days of experimentation, the 12 planted tomatoes treated with

Latundan banana (M. sapientum) peels have an overall mean height increment of

4.25 cm. while the 12 planted tomatoes treated with inexpensive chemical fertilizer

has an overall mean of 4.09 cm. According to Organic Fact (2016), inorganic

fertilizer has a fixed ratio of NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) which are

essential in the growth and development of plants, while the Latundan banana (M.

16
sapientum) that was discussed previously, typically contains micronutrients which

is needed by the plants. These are the reasons why the results of the tomato (L.

esculuntum) plants treated with the Latundan (M. sapientum) peel and inexpensive

chemical fertilizers are almost equal.

Table 4

HEIGHT (CM) INCREMENT MEAN DIFFERENCE OF THE TWO SET UPS

Mean Growth – Height Increment

EXPERIMENTAL SETUPS
of the plants (cm)
TOMATO (L.esculentum) PLANTS TREATED WITH
4.25 cm
LATUNDAN BANANA PEEL FERTILIZER
TOMATO (L.esculentum) PLANTS TREATED WITH
4.09 cm
INEXPENSIVE CHEMICAL FERTLIZER
Difference between the overall mean growth of
tomato (L. esculentum) plants treated with
0.16 cm
Latundan Banana (M. sapientum) Peels and
inexpensive fertilizer

There is a height increment mean difference of 0.16 cm. between the plants

treated with Latundan banana (M. sapientum) peel with an overall mean of 4.25

cm. and plants treated with inexpensive chemical fertilizer with an overall mean of

4.09 cm. There’s almost no difference between the height increment mean of the

two groups of plants. As shared by Organic Fact (2016), both Latundan banana

17
 (M. sapientum) peel and inexpensive chemical fertilizer can help in the growth and

development of plants.

CHAPTER 5

DISCUSSIONS

Summing up all the findings of the research, the researchers present here with the

summary of the answers to the stated problems, conclusions and recommendations.

1. What kind of fruit was frequently purchased at Phase 1, Bagong Silang

marketplace which can be reused in making fertilizer?

Based on the survey conducted by the researchers among the 20 available vendors

at Phase 1 Bagong Silang marketplace, the frequently purchased fruits are Latundan

banana, apple, and mango. Among these choices, the most frequently purchased is the

Latundan banana based from the survey conducted among the available 20 vendors.

According to the Institute of Food Management (2010), the preference of the consumers

in purchasing fruits are affordability, availability and freshness that can be the same

reason why Latundan banana is the most frequently purchased fruit in Phase 1 Bagong

Silang marketplace.

18
 2. What kind of plant was suggested subject to use in investigating the effects

of the Latundan banana (M. sapientum) fertilizer?

According to the survey conducted by the researchers among the 20 available

vendors conducted last August, 2016 at Phase 1 Bagong Silang marketplace, garlic and

tomato are the most frequently purchased by the consumers. L.esculentum has a

germination period of 2 weeks which was a shorter period of germination as compared

with garlic. With this logical reason, the researchers have chosen tomato over garlic.

Other scientific basis were considered by the researchers in selecting tomato like the

essential nutrients needed by the tomatoes in order to grow such as nitrogen,

phosphorus, potassium potash calcium and magnesium which made Banana peels

(M.sapientum) a suitable fertilizer among the L.esculentum (tomato plants).

3. What were the observed changes in terms of height (cm) increment to the

tomato (L. esculentum) plant treated with:

a. Latundan banana (M. sapientum) fertilizer;

b. Inexpensive chemical fertilizer?

Within 14 days of experimentation, the 12 planted tomatoes treated with

Latundan banana (M. sapientum) peels have an overall mean height increment of

4.25 cm. while the 12 planted tomatoes treated with inexpensive chemical fertilizer

has an overall mean of 4.09 cm. According to Organic Fact (2016), inorganic

fertilizer has a fixed ratio of NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) which are

essential in the growth and development of plants, while the Latundan banana (M.

sapientum) that was discussed previously, typically contains micronutrients which

19
 is needed by the plants. This are the reasons why the results of the tomato (L.

esculuntum) plants treated with the Latundan (M. sapientum) peel and inexpensive

chemical fertilizers are almost equal.

4. What was the difference between the height increment of two groups of

tomato (L. esculentum) plant?

There is a height increment mean difference of 0.16 cm. between the plants

treated with Latundan banana (M. sapientum) peel with an overall mean of 4.25

cm. and plants treated with inexpensive chemical fertilizer with an overall mean of

4.09 cm. There’s almost no difference between the height increment mean of the

two groups of plants. As shared by Organic Fact (2016), both Latundan banana

(M. sapientum) peel and inexpensive chemical fertilizer can help in the growth and

development of plants.

CONCLUSION

Corresponding to the findings discussed and presented, the researchers arrived at a

synthesis of the ideas gathered.

The group of tomato (L. esculentum) plants treated with Latundan banana (M.

sapientum) peel has grown taller of 0.16cm than the group of tomato (L. esculentum)

plants treated with inexpensive chemical fertilizer. Consequently, it can be concluded that

the treatment of Banana and chemical fertilizer among the subjects has no big difference

in terms of height increment based on the 14-day observation and experimentation.

20
RECOMMENDATIONS

1. There’s no such big difference in the increment of the tomato (L. esculentum)

plant treated with Latundan banana (M. sapientum) and inexpensive fertilizer

therefore, Latundan banana (M. sapientum) can be recommended in Bagong

Silang community as it can lessen the waste in Bagong Silang community.

Furthermore, Latundan banana peel fertilizer can save people from spending

money.

2. Since the experimentation lasted for only 14-day. The researchers

recommended for the future researchers to use the Latundan (M. sapientum)

in a longer experimentation to make a more general and reliable conclusions

3. Since the researchers used Latundan banana (M. sapientum) peel fertilizer for

only 12 tomato plants, it is recommended the future researchers to use bigger

population size and other kinds of plants to have better observations and

comparisons.

4. The study only focused on the effects of Latundan banana (M. sapientum) peel

in terms of height increment, it is recommended for the future researchers to

focus on the qualitative development of tomato plants.

21
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Reference An IAC Publishing Labs Company (2010) Nutrient requirements for
the growth and development of tomato plants.
https://www.reference.com/science/chemical-composition-banana-peels-
f12cb3111fce8e44#

B.A. Anhwange,Department of Chemistry, Benue State University Medwells

Journals (2008) Chemical composition of banana peels that make them a good
fertilizer

Buying behavior of fruit consumers (2010) Retrieved from Jabi Ali and Sanjeev
Kapoor center for food and agri-business management, Indian institute of Management.

IBT Media Inc.(2013) 10 ways in making banana peels productive

http://www.medicaldaily.com/health-benefits-bananas-and-their-peels-10-unusual-ways-
use-entire-fruit-296454

Rosie Lerner (2014) Container and Raise Bed Gardening

Maat van Uitert (2015) Size of Latundan Banana peel needed in making
banana peel fertilizer http://thefrugalchicken.com/10-ways-to-use-banana-peels-in-
garden/

Kerry Michaels (2015) Amount of soil needed in growing tomato plants

containergardening.about.com/od/vegetablesandherbss/5-Tips-for-Growing-Tomatoes -
in-Containers.htm

Samve, Belgium (2014) A plant that is suitable in being the subject of an

experiment http://www.instructables.com/answers/I-need-a-cheap-fast-growing--pot-
plant-for-science-/

22
 recommended by the store in Fairview Terraces (2016) Number of grains of the
inexpensive chemical fertilizer essential in growing tomato plants

APPENDIX A
LETTER TO CONDUCT SURVEY

23
APPENDIX B
SURVEY FORM

24
 APPENDIX C
SURVEY RESULTS

25
 APPENDIX D
MEASURED HEIGHT INCREMENT OF THE PLANTS

26
Overall Height Increment (cm) of Tomato
Plants (L. esculentum) After 14 days

APPENDIX E
PHOTO GALLERY

27
Preparing the materials

Observations and
Experimentation Tomato Planting

Results Measurements Results of Measurements

28